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EN
Introduction: Little is known about the influence of seroreactivity to fish nematode antigens on the unborn child. Aim: The objective of this study was to ascertain whether infants born to women with Anisakis spp. seroreactivity had problems with growth at birth, or during neonatal care. Methods: We conducted a retrospective database search of puerperal women interviewed at two perinatal facilities in Niterói, Brazil. Neonates were selected by the presence of anti-Anisakis IgG antibodies in cord blood and categorised, by analysis of maternal blood results, as reactive or nonreactive. The Mann–Whitney U test was used for hypothesis testing in continuous variables. A generalised linear model was used for binary logistic regression. Results: Of the 147 neonates studied, 121 were labelled as nonreactive and 26, as reactive. There were no significant betweengroup differences in maternal age (p = 0.193), number of prenatal visits (p = 0.362), presence of prenatal conditions (p = 0.980), mode of delivery (p = 0.193), gestational age (p = 0.266), birth weight (p = 0.294), need for resuscitation (p = 0.675), development of conditions during hospital stay (p = 0.201), or length of hospital stay (p = 0.528). There was also no significant association between IgG positivity in cord blood in raw fish intake (p = 1.000) or intake >2 times/week (p = 0.729). Conclusions: The presence of anti-Anisakis IgG in cord blood of infants born to women seroreactive to Anisakis did not pose a hazard to this neonatal population and did not influence growth, conditions at birth, or development of any clinical conditions before hospital discharge.
PL
Wstęp: Niewiele wiemy na temat wpływu seroreaktywności w kierunku antygenów nicieni pasożytujących na rybach na płód. Cel pracy: Niniejsze badanie miało na celu stwierdzenie, czy seroreaktywność matki w kierunku Anisakis spp. wpływa na rozwój dziecka w trakcie ciąży lub bezpośrednio po urodzeniu. Metody: W powyższym celu przeprowadzono retrospektywne badanie analizujące dane pacjentek objętych opieką dwóch placówek położniczych w Niterói w Brazylii. Uwzględnione w badaniu noworodki zostały wyłonione na podstawie obecności przeciwciał IgG anty-Anisakis w krwi pępowinowej i podzielone na dwie grupy, jako charakteryzujące się seroreaktywnością bądź jej brakiem, na podstawie wyników badania krwi matki. W celu sprawdzenia hipotezy dotyczącej zmiennych ciągłych posłużono się testem U Manna–Whitneya. W celu przeprowadzenia binarnej regresji logistycznej zastosowano uogólniony model liniowy. Wyniki: Spośród 147 noworodków objętych badaniem 121 dzieci zaklasyfikowano jako niereaktywne, a 26 – jako reaktywne w kierunku anisakiozy. Nie stwierdzono występowania statystycznie istotnych różnic pomiędzy grupami pod względem wieku matki (p = 0,193), liczby wizyt w okresie ciąży (p = 0,362), występowania u płodu jednostek klinicznych w okresie prenatalnym (p = 0,980), sposobu rozwiązania (p = 0,193), wieku ciąży w momencie rozwiązania (p = 0,266), masy urodzeniowej (p = 0,294), konieczności resuscytacji po urodzeniu (p = 0,675), pojawienia się problemów zdrowotnych u dziecka w trackie pobytu w szpitalu (p = 0,201) ani też długości pobytu w szpitalu (p = 0,528). Nie stwierdzono również statystycznie istotnej korelacji pomiędzy obecnością przeciwciał klasy IgG w krwi pępowinowej a obecnością surowych ryb w diecie matki (p = 1,000) ani też spożyciem surowych ryb częstszym niż dwa razy w tygodniu (p = 0,729). Wnioski: W badanej przez nas populacji noworodków obecność przeciwciał anty-Anisakis klasy IgG w krwi pępowinowej noworodków urodzonych przez matki charakteryzujące się seroreaktywnością w kierunku nicieni z rodziny Anisakis nie stwarzała zagrożenia i nie miała wpływu na rozwój fizyczny płodu, występowanie u niego jednostek chorobowych w momencie urodzenia ani ich pojawienie się w okresie pobytu w szpitalu po urodzeniu.
EN
The manual presents the main methods for studying fish. The general features of the external structure of fish are described: the shape of the body, external organs, the structure and functions of the fins, the types of scales, and the structure of the lateral line. The indicators of morphometric studies of fish with the use of meristic and plastic features according to the classical schemes of measuring fish are also presented. A short description of the statistical method of comparative study of two data samples using the Student's test is given. A method for determining the age of fish by scales is described, as well as a methodology for calculating the annual growth of fish. General information on anatomical structure of fishes is also given. Furthermore, methods of studying the fertility of fish, as well as assessing the nutrition of fish, are described. Particular attention is paid to creating fish preparations: the production of the skeleton of fish, the design of fixed moist preparations and the preparation of a stuffed fish. The presented material has visual illustrations, accompanied by short biological information and forms of tabular material design. The proffered material will be useful for students of the biological and ecological profile, students of natural and agrarian faculties, post-graduate students and young scientists.
EN
The importance of fish farming can never be over emphasized because it’s a major provider of dietary protein, source of income and employment for the growing populations in Nigeria. Similarly, the importance of the bacteriological evaluation of fish pond water can never be over emphasized as it is a major indicator of the suitability and sanitary condition of the aquaculture pond and the fish in particular. This study evaluated the bacteriological profile of different fish pond water located within Owerri metropolis. A total of 10 fish pond waste water samples were collected and analyzed using different selective microbiological media and isolates identified using gram staining and biochemical reactions. Result shows that the total heterotrophic bacteria count ranged from 6.4×103 CFU/mL - 7.5×107 CFU/mL, total coliform count ranged from 2.1×104 CFU/mL - 5.6×107 CFU/mL, total vibrio count ranged from 2.7×103 CFU/mL - 5.9×105 CFU/mL while the Salmonella / Shigella count ranged from 1.9×105 CFU/mL - 5.9×105 CFU/mL. A total of nine bacterial isolates were identified which includes Staphylococcus spp, Escherichia spp, Vibrio spp, Salmonella spp, Enterobacter spp, Shiglla spp and Klebsiela spp. The result revealed a high bacterial load in the fish pond water and therefore recommends constant water change to prevent the possible buildup of potential pathogenic bacteria in fish and introduction of these organisms into the environment.
EN
Pangandaran fishermen use various types of fishing gear to catch fish, one of which is a liftnet. Floating liftnet fishing in Pangandaran is usually carried out at night, especially during dark months so that fish and cructaceans can gather in the area, as such animals are attracted to light (positive phototactic properties). These animals are deemed pelagic as they live on the surface of the waters. The weight and number of catch by fishermen are different depending on the time of hauling. Based on this, it is necessary to conduct research on the effect of the time of hauling on the floating liftnet catch. Accordingly, the optimal hauling time for floating liftnet fishing in Pangandaran was after midnight into early morning (00.00-04.00) and the average total catch is 386.12 kg. The main catch is mostly jawla paste shrimp and squid shrimp with a catch rate of 92.9 kg / hour.
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