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Body Composition in Male Physical Education University Students in View of their Physical Activity Level

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Stachoń A., Pietraszewska J.

Human Movement

2013

vol. 14

issue 3

205-209

Purpose. Body composition and fat distribution is specific for particular populations and social groups. However, one factor that significantly affects body composition is physical activity. The aim of the study was to assess the various components of body composition in male physical education students with regard to their physical activity level. Methods. A detailed questionnaire survey on physical activity was administered to 252 male students. Based on their responses, the participants were placed into two groups engaged in either moderate or vigorous physical activity. Anthropometric measurements included measures of body height and mass and also skinfold thickness. Body composition was assessed by bioelectrical impedance analysis. Statistical analysis was performed by comparing the groups’ mean values, standard deviations, and percentages of the components of body composition. Results. The groups did not differ significantly for mean body height and mass. No statistically significant differences were found in the absolute amounts of the various components of body composition (except for fat mass) between the groups. Both groups had 61.5 kg of fat-free mass (constituting 80.6% of body mass for the vigorously active and 78.7% of body mass for the moderately active students) and both had 44 kg of muscle mass (constituting 58.3% and 56.1% of body mass, respectively). Students who declared to be involved in vigorous physical activity had 2 kg less and 2% lower fat mass than those involved in moderate physical activity (based on BIA measurements). Measures of skinfold thickness found more subcutaneous fat tissue in the vigorously active group, but the use of a fat index based on body height found them to present less fat. Conclusions. The difference in fat content between physical education students who were more or less physically active was found to be 2 kg and 2%. The results found that physical activity level was not associated with body height, body mass, and the absolute amounts of the other studied components of body composition.

Effect of fatness on feet arching and lower limbs development in 7-year-olds

100%

Mikołajczyk E., Jankowicz-Szymańska A.

2010

vol. 18

issue 2

10-20

Wprowadzenie: tendencję do sedenteryjnego trybu życia i unikania wysiłku fizycznego obserwuje się w każdej grupie wiekowej, także u dzieci w młodszym wieku szkolnym. Efektem tego jest rosnąca liczba osób z nadwagą lub otyłością, uskarżających się na bóle kręgosłupa oraz pogorszenie jakości postawy ciała w populacji dzieci i młodzieży. Materiał i metody: badaniami objęto grupę 90 dzieci w wieku 7 lat, w tym 45 dziewcząt i 45 chłopców. Dokonano pomiarów masy i wysokości ciała oraz grubości brzusznego fałdu skórno-mięśniowego. Wykonano 180 odbitek plantokonturograficznych stóp, na których wykreślono kąt Clarke'a. Oceniono przebieg osi długiej kończyn dolnych, mierząc nasilenie koślawości lub szpotawości kolan za pomocą cyrkla liniowego. Wyniki: nie stwierdzono różnic istotnych statystycznie pomiędzy dziewczętami i chłopcami dotyczących wysokości ciała, masy ciała a także stopnia otłuszczenia. U 45% badanych dziewcząt i 65% badanych chłopców zaobserwowano obniżenie wysklepienia podłużnego stopy. Koślawość kolan odnotowano u 31% dziewcząt i 15,5% chłopców. Szpotawe ustawienie kończyn dolnych obserwowano jedynie u 2% dziewcząt. Wśród badanych chłopców wada ta nie występowała. Wykorzystując korelację porządku rang Spearmana (p < 0,05) stwierdzono istnienie silnej zależności pomiędzy masą ciała i wielkością fałdu skórno-tłuszczowego a ustawieniem kolan. Oznaczenie współczynnika Pearsona dla zależności pomiędzy wielkością fałdu tłuszczowego oraz wartością BMI a wysklepieniem podłużnym stopy wskazuje na brak silnej korelacji. Wnioski: płaskostopie statyczne jest wadą często występującą u 7-latków, zwłaszcza u chłopców. Stan otłuszczenia, jak również ustawienie kończyn dolnych nie wpływa w sposób istotny na stopień wysklepienia stóp. Nadmierna ilość tkanki tłuszczowej, wyrażona zwiększoną masą ciała oraz zwiększeniem grubości fałdu skórno-tłuszczowego na brzuchu zwiększa prawdopodobieństwo koślawego ustawienia kolan u dzieci obojga płci.

The tendency for sedentary lifestyle and avoidance of physical exercise is observed in all age groups, even in schoolchildren. The effect is a growing number of people with overweight or obesity among the population of children and adolescents who complain about back pains and deteriorating quality of body posture. Material and Method: the study covered a group of 90 children aged seven, including 45 girls and 45 boys. The measurements of body weight and height as well as thickness of abdominal skin-muscle fold have been performed. As many as 180 plantocontourgrammes with the Clarke angle were drafted. The longitudinal axis of the lower limb was assessed by means of measuring of genu valgum and varus degree using linear calliper. Results: no significant statistical differences between girls and boys were found as far as body weight, height and fatness are concerned. In 45% of the studied girls and 65% of the studied boys a lowering of a longitudinal arch was observed. Genu valgum was found in 31% of girls and 15.5% of boys. Varus position of the lower limbs was noticed only in 2% of the surveyed girls. This deformity did not occur among the studied boys. Applying the Spearman rank correlation coefficient (p < 0.05) revealed a strong relation between body weight and the thickness of skin-muscle fold, and the knee position. The Pearson's coefficient designation for the relation between the thickness of the skin-muscle fold and the BMI value, and the foot longitudinal arch indicates a lack of strong correlation. Conclusion: fixed pes planus is a condition frequently occurring in 7-year-olds, especially boys. Fatness, as well as the positioning of the lower limbs, do not influence, in a significant manner, the degree of feet arching. Excess quantity of fat tissue demonstrated in an increased body weight and the thickness of the abdominal skin-muscle fold raise the probability of valgum position of the knees in children of both sexes.

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Body Composition in Male Physical Education University Students in View of their Physical Activity Level

Effect of fatness on feet arching and lower limbs development in 7-year-olds