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1

Anaerobic and aerobic performance of elite female and male snowboarders

100%

Żebrowska A., Żyła D., Kania D., Langfort J.

Journal of Human Kinetics

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2012

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vol. 34

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issue 1

81-88

EN

The physiological adaptation to training is specific to the muscle activity, dominant energy system involved, muscle groups trained, as well as intensity and volume of training. Despite increasing popularity of snowboarding only little scientific data is available on the physiological characteristics of female and male competitive snowboarders. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to compare the aerobic capacity and maximal anaerobic power of elite Polish snowboarders with untrained subjects. Ten snowboarders and ten aged matched students of Physical Education performed two exercise tests. First, a 30-second Wingate test was conducted and next, a cycle ergometer exercise test with graded intensity. In the first test, peak anaerobic power, the total work, relative peak power and relative mean power were measured. During the second test, relative maximal oxygen uptake and lactate threshold were evaluated. There were no significant differences in absolute and relative maximal oxygen uptake between snowboarders and the control group. Mean maximal oxygen uptake and lactate threshold were significantly higher in men than in women. Significant differences were found between trained men and women regarding maximal power and relative maximal power. The elite snowboarders demonstrated a high level of anaerobic power. The level of relative peak power in trained women correlated negatively with maximal oxygen uptake. In conclusion, our results seem to indicate that the demanding competition program of elite snowboarders provides a significant training stimulus mainly for anaerobic power with minor changes in anaerobic performance.

2

Cardiac Rehabilitation in Heart Failure. Part I, Mechanism

100%

Kujawska A., Husejko J., Marszałek A., Szczęśniak Ż., Topka W., Gajos M., Androsiuk-Perkowska J., Perkowski R., Natalia S., Kujawski S., Kędziora-Kornatowska K.

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EN

Diagnosis and treatment issues among heart failure (HF) patients are becoming one of the most important points in public health of developed countries, largely due to the aging of population and the fact that HF affects mainly the elderly. In this review we would like to focus on pathophysiology of exercise intolerance in patients with heart failure and potential benefits of cardiac rehabilitation (CR). Analysis of articles in the EBSCO database using keywords: heart failure, cardiac rehabilitation, exercise training, pathophysiology. HF can be described as a composite syndrome which results from structural or functional impairment of ventricular filling or blood ejection. Patients have variety of symptoms which usually are nonspecific. The most frequently occurring symptoms of HF are dyspnea and fatigue, which may restrict exercise capacity, and fluid retention. There are many possible pathophysiological factors involved in the development of exercise intolerance. Based on the available literature pathological changes in central hemodynamic function, pulmonary system, skeletal muscles, endothelial function and neurohumoral system can be distinguished. They play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of HF symptoms and represent a potential curative object. HF patients are characterized by diminished functional performance. Exercise training has many potential profits in patients with heart failure, including an increase in peak oxygen uptake, improvement in central hemodynamics, peripheral vascular and skeletal muscle function and has become part of evidence-based clinical therapy in these patients.

3

Six Weeks of Core Stability Training Improves Landing Kinetics Among Female Capoeira Athletes: A Pilot Study

88%

Araujo S., Cohen D., Hayes L.

Journal of Human Kinetics

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2015

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vol. 45

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issue 1

27-37

EN

Core stability training (CST) has increased in popularity among athletes and the general fitness population despite limited evidence CST programmes alone lead to improved athletic performance. In female athletes, neuromuscular training combining balance training and trunk and hip/pelvis dominant CST is suggested to reduce injury risk, and specifically peak vertical ground reaction forces (vGRF) in a drop jump landing task. However, the isolated effect of trunk dominant core stability training on vGRF during landing in female athletes had not been evaluated. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate landing kinetics during a drop jump test following a CST intervention in female capoeira athletes. After giving their informed written consent, sixteen female capoeira athletes (mean ± SD age, stature, and body mass of 27.3 ± 3.7 years, 165.0 ± 4.0 cm, and 59.7 ± 6.3 kg, respectively) volunteered to participate in the training program which consisted of static and dynamic CST sessions, three times per week for six weeks. The repeated measures T-test revealed participants significantly reduced relative vGRF from pre- to post-intervention for the first (3.40 ± 0.78 vs. 2.85 ± 0.52 N·NBW-1, respectively [p<0.05, effect size = 0.60]), and second landing phase (5.09 ± 1.17 vs. 3.02 ± 0.41 N·NBW-1, respectively [p<0.001, effect size = 0.87]). The average loading rate was reduced from pre- to post-intervention during the second landing phase (30.96 ± 18.84 vs. 12.06 ± 9.83 N·NBW·s-1, respectively [p<0.01, effect size = 0.68]). The peak loading rate was reduced from pre- to postintervention during the first (220.26 ± 111.51 vs. 120.27 ± 64.57 N· NBW·s-1 respectively [p<0.01, effect size = 0.64]), and second (99.52 ± 54.98 vs. 44.71 ± 30.34 N· NBW·s-1 respectively [p<0.01, effect size = 0.70]) landing phase. Body weight, average loading rate during the first landing phase, and jump height were not significantly different between week 0 and week 6 (p=0.528, p=0.261, and p=0.877, respectively). This study provides evidence that trunk dominant core stability training improves landing kinetics without improving jump height, and may reduce lower extremity injury risk in female athletes.

4

EFFECT OF REPEATED COLD WATER SWIMMING EXERCISE ON ADAPTIVE CHANGES IN BODY WEIGHT IN OLDER RATS

88%

Bryczkowska I., Baranowska-Bosiacka I., Lubkowska A.

Central European Journal of Sport Sciences and Medicine

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2017

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vol. 18

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issue 2

77-87

EN

The aim of this study was verification whether an 8-week-long swimming exercise training would induce adaptive changes in body weight in rats and whether possible changes would depend on aquatic environment temperature and animal sex. The exercisetrained groups swam 4 minutes a day, five days a week during eight week of housing. Exercise was performed by swimming in glass tanks containing tap water maintained according to group at 5 ±2°C (cold group) and 36 ±2°C (thermal neutral group). Before and after each week of the experiment, rats were weighed. When comparing the nature of changes in the body weight of rats exposed to swimming exercise training in cold water, attention should be paid to their dependence on sex. There were statistically significant changes in the nature of changes in body weight between male rats and female rats of the cold group (5°C) as early as experimental week 2 until the end of the experiment (p < 0.001). Interestingly, the females exposed to swimming exercise training at 5°C were the only group in which an increase in body weight occurred during experimental week 8 in relation to baseline values.

5

The effects of differences in sleep quality and quantity on VO2max levels

88%

Ramania N. S., Apriantono T., Winata B.

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2020

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vol. 34

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issue 4

11-17

EN

Introduction Sleep quality and quantity are factors that affect one's cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF). Therefore, this study aims to compare the effects of different sleep quality and quantity on VO2max levels. Material and methods 64 participants were involved in this study, and they were divided into two groups based on their sleep quality and quantity. This division was determined by employing sleep pattern questionnaires. Group 1 was comprised of 32 participants with good sleep quality. Generally, they only slept for 6 hours, however, their sleep quality was very good. On the contrary, group 2 consisted of 32 participants with poor sleep quality, irrespective of the fact that their sleep durations were around 7 hours, which is longer than group 1. All participants went through a series of pretest sessions for one week to determine their average heart rate (HR) before and after sleep. Furthermore, they underwent experimental sessions which required them to participate in the cooper 2.4km test to determine their VO2max levels. Results The results show a significant difference in participants' VO2max levels, with the average in group 1 being higher than in group 2 (F = 5.853) (p = 0.018). This result was obtained from statistical tests using a one-way ANOVA. Conclusions This study indicates that having good quality sleep for 6 hours plays a crucial role in maintaining and increasing CRF.

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Assessment of the selected physiological effects of Nordic Walking performed as a part of a physical exercise program during the second phase of rehabilitation after a myocardial infarction

63%

Wilk M., Kocur P., Różańska A., Przywarska I., Dylewicz P., Owczarski T., Deskur-Śmielecka E., Borowicz-Bieńkowska S.

Medical Rehabilitation

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2005

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vol. 9(2)

20-25

PL

Cel: Spacery i marsze są prostą a jednocześnie efektywną formą aktywności fizycznej powszechnie stosowaną w rehabilitacji kardiologicznej. W ostatnich latach podejmuje się próby urozmaicenia ćwiczeń marszowych poprzez szersze włączenie pracy kończyn górnych, co umożliwia między innymi coraz bardziej popularna forma aktywności ruchowej znana jako Nordic Walking. Celem niniejszej pracy była ocena wpływu marszu nordyckiego na stopień poprawy tolerancji wysiłku oraz sprawność ogólną chorych rehabilitowanych po zawale serca (ZS). Metoda: Badaniom poddano 30 pacjentów, którzy w okresie 14–28 dni po ZS przebywali na Oddziale Rehabilitacji Kardiologicznej. U wszystkich pacjentów włączonych do programu badawczego przed rehabilitacją i po jej zakończeniu wykonano próbę wysiłkową wg zmodyfikowanego protokołu Bruce’a, 6-minutowy test marszowy oraz test sprawności fizycznej „Fullerton”. Chorych podzielono na dwie grupy. 10 pacjentów uczestniczyło w standardowym programie treningowym (grupa K), a u 20 pacjentów zastosowano dodatkowo (5x w tygodniu po 40 min) trening marszowy typu Nordic Walking (grupa NW). Polegał on na przejściu 3 kilometrów z przerwami przeznaczonymi na ćwiczenia oddechowe i rozciągające. W trakcie marszu oraz ćwiczeń z pacjenci wykorzystywali specjalne kije skonstruowane do tej formy aktywności ruchowej Wyniki: W obu grupach trenujących uzyskano poprawę tolerancji wysiłku, jednak odsetek poprawy w grupie NW (30%) był wyższy niż w grupie K (14%). Podobnie zachowywały się wartości iloczynu podwójnego (RPP). Istotne statystycznie zwiększenie RPP po treningu rehabilitacyjnym stwierdzono jedynie w grupie z NW (z 18,2 x 103 ±3,3 x 103 do 20,7 x 103 ±4,4 x 103) (p<0,05). 6-minutowa próba marszowa wykazała wyższy odsetek poprawy w grupie NW (22%) niż w grupie K (17%). Wyniki testu „Fullerton” wykazują istotną statystycznie poprawę analizowanych parametrów w obu grupach. Wnioski: Wstępne badania wskazują na celowość wdrażania marszu nordyckiego do programów rehabilitacji kardiologicznej po zawale serca z uwagi na wysoką efektywność w zakresie wpływu na poprawę tolerancji wysiłku i sprawności fizycznej. Pełne zaadoptowanie Nordic Walking jako jednej z istotnych metod wczesnej rehabilitacji kardiologicznej będzie możliwe po dokonaniu i przeanalizowaniu większej liczby obserwacji poszerzonych o dodatkowe parametry, głównie w zakresie wpływu na czynniki ryzyka oraz parametry jakości życia.

EN

Background: Walks and marches are a simple yet effective forms of physical activity, commonly used in the cardiac rehabilitation. It has been recommended recently to combine march training with exercises involving upper limbs. One of the most popular methods is Nordic Walking, during which special poles are used to increase the work of upper part of the body. The aim of the study was to assess the influence of Nordic Walking on the improvement in exercise tolerance and physical performance in patients rehabilitated after a myocardial infarction.Methods: The study population consisted of 30 patients hospitalized in a cardiac rehabilitation ward 14 to 28 days after myocardial infarction. On admission and after completing the rehabilitation program patients performed an exercise test following the modified Bruce protocol, a six-minute walk test and a test assessing physical performance (Fullerton test). 10 subjects were assigned to a control group, which followed a standard training program, and 20 patients to a group which additionally performed a march training using the Nordic Walking method 5 times a week. Each session of the march training lasted 40 minutes and consisted of a 3-kilometer walk interrupted by breaks during which respiratory and stretching exercises were performed. During the march and exercises patients used special poles for Nordic Walking.Results: Exercise tolerance improved in both study groups. However, the increase in the exercise tolerance was greater in the group performing Nordic Walking than in the control group (30% vs. 14%, respectively; P < 0.05). The rate-pressure product during the exercise test increased significantly only in the group performing Nordic Walking (from 18.2 x 103 ± 3.3 x 103 to 20.7 x 103 ± 4.4 x 103; P < 0.05). The improvement in the results of the six-minute walk test was greater in the group performing Nordic Walking (22% in comparison with 17% in the control group; P < 0.05). The results of the test assessing physical performance (Fullerton test) improved in both study groups.Conclusion: The results of this preliminary study indicate that march training using the Nordic Walking method effectively increases exercise tolerance and physical fitness in patients after myocardial infarction. If these findings are confirmed by the results of larger studies, Nordic Walking could be widely used in the early phases of cardiac rehabilitation. The influence of Nordic Walking on the cardiovascular risk factors and quality of life parameters should be investigated.

Refine search results

Anaerobic and aerobic performance of elite female and male snowboarders

Cardiac Rehabilitation in Heart Failure. Part I, Mechanism

Six Weeks of Core Stability Training Improves Landing Kinetics Among Female Capoeira Athletes: A Pilot Study

EFFECT OF REPEATED COLD WATER SWIMMING EXERCISE ON ADAPTIVE CHANGES IN BODY WEIGHT IN OLDER RATS

The effects of differences in sleep quality and quantity on VO2max levels

Assessment of the selected physiological effects of Nordic Walking performed as a part of a physical exercise program during the second phase of rehabilitation after a myocardial infarction