Search results

1

Frequency and pattern of gynecologic cancers from 2010 to 2014 in Beira, Mozambique

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Ferro J., Schiavone M., Di Gennaro F., Putoto G., Bertoldo A., Pizzol D.

Current Gynecologic Oncology

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2017

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vol. 15

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issue 3

189-193

EN

Objective: Gynecologic cancers represent a large health, social and economic burden worldwide. In low-income countries, particularly in Mozambique, little data is available and no effective policies are implemented to fight these diseases. Our objective was to trace the epidemiological profile of gynecologic cancers from 2010 to 2014 in Beira, Mozambique. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the registers of the Department of Pathology of Central Hospital of Beira to identify all cases of gynecologic malignancies recorded from January 2010 to December 2014. Results: Most of the diagnosed female cancers (43.4%) were gynecologic and, among these, cervical cancer was definitely the most commonly reported cancer every year, ranging from 86.7% in 2013 to 93.3% in 2014. Conclusion: As in many low-income countries, the access to screening programs for gynecologic cancer is not effective in Mozambique; therefore urgent preventive policies are crucial to address this emergent issue.

PL

Cel: Nowotwory kobiecych narządów płciowych stanowią istotne obciążenie zdrowotne, społeczne i ekonomiczne na całym świecie. W krajach o niskich dochodach, w szczególności w Mozambiku, brak jest zarówno dostępnych danych, jak i skutecznych strategii walki z tymi chorobami. Celem badania było prześledzenie profilu epidemiologicznego nowotworów ginekologicznych w latach 2010–2014 w mieście Beira w Mozambiku. Metoda: Autorzy dokonali retrospektywnego przeglądu rejestrów medycznych Oddziału Patologii Szpitala Centralnego w Beirze w celu wyodrębnienia wszystkich przypadków nowotworów kobiecych narządów płciowych odnotowanych w okresie od stycznia 2010 do grudnia 2014 roku. Wyniki: W większości przypadków (43,4%) rozpoznane u kobiet nowotwory dotyczyły narządów rodnych, przy czym rak szyjki macicy był zdecydowanie najczęściej odnotowywanym nowotworem w każdym roku (od 86,7% w 2013 do 93,3% w 2014 roku). Wniosek: Podobnie jak w wielu krajach o niskich dochodach, również w Mozambiku dostęp do programów przesiewowych nowotworów narządów rodnych jest ograniczony – niezbędne jest pilne podjęcie działań prewencyjnych.

2

Epidemiology of Lip, Alveolar Process and Palate Clefts in the Material of Hospital and Clinic of Plastic Surgery in Polanica Zdrój

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Wójcicka K., Kobus K., Wójcicki P.

Polish Journal of Surgery

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2009

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vol. 81

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issue 1

4-11

EN

The aim of the study was to determine the incidence rate of individual types of clefts, association with other congenital defects and family incidence of the disease as well as evaluation of the condition of neonates born with cleft.Material and methods. Retrospective studies were performed in 2500 patients with cleft lip and palate treated at the Hospital and Clinic of Plastic Surgery in the years 1979-2003. There were examined 1650 patients with cleft lip with/without palate (CL±P) and 850 patients with isolated cleft palate (CP). In the group of 1650 cleft lip and palate subjects there were 775 patients with complete unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP), 250 patients with complete bilateral cleft lip and palate (BCLP) and 625 patients with cleft lip (CL).Results. 1. The incidence rate of CLP: CL: CP was approximately as 5: 3: 4. Unilateral clefts were 3 times as common as bilateral clefts and they occurred twice more often on the left side. 2. CLP occurred predominantly in males- M:F ratio = 1.8 : 1; in CL- M:F = 1.3 : 1 while reverse proportions were observed in CP patients, F:M = 1.38 : 1.3. A relationship was found between the condition of the neonate as evaluated by Apgar score and the body mass and coexistence of a specific cleft. The lowest Apgar score and the lowest birth weight was observed in neonates with BCLP, while neonates with CL had the highest values. 4. There is a proportional relationship between the severity of cleft and the incidence of the defect in first degree relatives. 5. 11% of cleft patients also develop other congenital deformities, including defect syndromes, which account for 24% of all associated defects.

3

The rapid change in sinonasal inverted papilloma incidence – the epidemiological analysis

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Zydroń R., Greczka G., Wierzbicka M.

Otolaryngologia Polska

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2017

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vol. 71(1)

30-33

EN

In recent years, the incidence of sinonasal inverted papilloma (IP) in a stable population has increased significantly. The aim of the study was to analyze the occurrence of IP between the years 2002-2012 in relation to epidemiological factors in an unalterable area. Moreover, we wanted to start a discussion about the difficulties in determining the inci¬dence of benign lesions that are not included in registers. This retrospective study included a group of 69 patients who were treated in the Department of Otolaryngology, ENT Oncology, Poznań University of Medical Sciences. In 2006, we noticed a sudden change in referrals. We compared two groups of patients who were referred during two differ¬ent time periods: 11 patients (2002-2006) and 58 patients (2007-2012). Despite a marked difference in the number of patients, there were no differences between the groups in tumor location (p>0.05), stage (p=0.16), duration of symp¬toms (p=0.39), place of residence, and smoking (p=0.41). The patient`s age was the only variable that differed significantly between the groups (48.45 vs. 56.93 years; p=0.043569, respectively).

4

A comparison of severity of symptoms of Internet addiction in students from Poland, Taiwan and the USA

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Pawłowska B., Masiak J.

Current Problems of Psychiatry

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2014

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vol. 15

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issue 1

10-13

EN

The aim of this work was to verify the hypothesis that there are statistically significant differences among students from Poland, Taiwan and the USA in the severity of symptoms of Internet addiction, as measured using Pawłowska and Potembska's Internet Addiction Assessment Questionnaire. Material and methods: A total of 147 medical students from the Medical University of Lublin were surveyed, including 83 Polish, 31 Taiwanese and 33 American students with a mean age of 21 years. The following instruments were used in this study: an inquiry form and the Internet Addiction Assessment Questionnaire by Potembska and Pawłowska. Results and conclusions: Based on the results obtained in the study, the following conclusions have been formulated: 1. The students from Taiwan have significantly more severe symptoms of Internet addiction than the students from Poland and the USA. 2. The students from the USA have significantly more severe symptoms of Internet addiction than the Poles. 3. The criteria for the risk of Internet addiction have been met by more Taiwanese students (65%) than American (31%) and Polish (17%) students. 4. Taiwanese students significantly more often as compared to Polish and American students play violent computer games and they believe that only online interactions can ensure acceptance, understanding and the possibility to express true feelings and views. 5. As compared to Polish students, the students from Taiwan and the USA significantly more often use web pornography.

PL

Celem pracy była weryfikacja hipotezy zakładającej występowanie istotnych statystycznie różnic między studentami z Polski, Tajwanu i USA w zakresie nasilenia objawów uzależnienia od Internetu, mierzonego Kwestionariuszem do Badania Uzależnienia od Internetu Pawłowskiej i Potembskiej. Materiał i metody: Przebadano łącznie 147 studentów medycyny Uniwersytetu Medycznego w Lublinie: 83 Polaków, 31 Tajwańczyków i 33 studentów ze Stanów Zjednoczonych, których średni wiek wynosił 21 lat. W pracy zastosowano następujące metody badawcze: Ankietę oraz Kwestionariusz do Badania Uzależnienia od Internetu Pawłowskiej i Potemskiej. Wyniki i wnioski: Na podstawie otrzymanych wyników badań sformułowano następujące wnioski: 1. Studenci z Tajwanu mają znacząco bardziej nasilone objawy uzależnienia od Internetu niż studenci z USA i z Polski. 2. Studenci z USA mają znacząco bardziej nasilone objawy uzależnienia od Internetu niż Polacy. 3. Kryteria zagrożenia uzależnieniem od Internetu spełnia więcej studentów z Tajwanu (65%) niż studentów z USA (31%) i z Polski (17%). 4. Studenci z Tajwanu istotnie częściej niż studenci z Polski i z USA grają w gry internetowe, w których dominuje przemoc oraz są przekonani, że jedynie w kontaktach nawiązywanych przez Internet można otrzymać akceptację, zrozumienie i wyrażać autentyczne uczucia i poglądy. 5. Studenci z Tajwanu i z USA istotnie częściej niż studenci z Polski korzystają z pornografii internetowej.

5

Increase in the incidence of parotid gland tumors in the years 2005–2014

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Stryjewska-Makuch G., Kolebacz B., Janik M. A., Wolnik A.

Otolaryngologia Polska

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2017

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vol. 71(2)

29-34

EN

Introduction: Salivary gland tumours account for 3-6% of tumours of the head and neck. About 80% of salivary gland tumors occur in parotid glands, 10-17% of which are malignant The aim of the study was to assess whether there is an upward trend in cancer incidence within the parotid glands, with particular emphasis on cancers. Materials and methods: 322 patients underwent surgery and 328 parotid gland tumours were removed in the years 2005-2014 at the Department of Laryngology and Laryngological Oncology of the Upper Silesian Medical Centre in Katowice-Ochojec. Clinical, histopathological and statistical analyses of the removed parotid gland tumours were performed. Results and discussion: A significant increase in the incidence of benign tumours, especially mixed and Warthin tumours, was demonstrated. There was no significant increase in the number of malignant tumours over the analysed period of time.

6

Hand injuries in polytrauma patients

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Żyluk A., Fliciński F., Pakulski C.

Polish Journal of Surgery

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2021

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vol. 93

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issue 4

21-27

EN

Hand and forearm injuries are relatively rare in polytrauma patients; their incidence is estimated at 2–5%. Hand and forearm injuries are usually not life threatening, and, therefore are considered of secondary importance, replaced by serious injuries of other body parts. However, they should be treated immediately after stabilization of the general condition of patients, as their delayed management may result in serious dysfunction of the hand. The aim of this study was to determine the incidence, distribution and methods of treatment of hand and forearm injuries in patients treated at the Polytrauma Centre of the SPSK 1 in Szczecin over the period of 4 years. Medical records of 16 patients, 11 men (65%) and 5 women (35%) with a mean age of 34 years (range 19–62) who were treated at the Polytrauma Centre and sustained an additional injury to the hand and/or forearm were analyzed. Medical records of 16 patients, 11 men (65%) and 5 women (35%) at the mean age of 34 years (range 19–62) who were treated in Polytrauma Centre and sustained an additional injury to the hand and/or forearm were analysed. The most common component of polytrauma with associated hand injury was major bone fractures (spine, pelvis and extremities) – 12 cases (70%), followed by chest – 11 (65%), maxillofacial – 9 (53%), brain – 8 (47%) and abdominal injuries – 5 (29%). The most common injury of the distal upper limb was fracture of the distal radius – 9 patients (53%). Two patients sustained excessive crush-degloving injuries which were the primary cause of their admission to the Polytrauma Centre. Nine patients required surgery, predominantly fixation of the distal radius with a plate. All patients survived. The importance of the correct management of hand injuries performed promptly after stabilization of the general condition of polytraumatized patients was emphasized.

7

The clinical and epidemiological analysis of lip carcinoma in Holy Cross District in Poland

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Sylwia P., Bień S.

Polski Przegląd Otorynolaryngologiczny

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2016

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vol. 5(1)

47-53

EN

47artykułoryginalny/ originalresearcharticleDOI: 10.5604/20845308.1198412POLSKI PRZEGLĄD OTORYNOLARYNGOLOGICZNY, TOM 5, NR 1 (2016), s. 47-53The clinical and epidemiological analysis of lip carcinoma in Holy Cross District in PolandObraz epidemiologiczno-kliniczny raka wargi w regionie świętokrzyskimPostuła Sylwia1ABCDEF, Bień Stanisław2AEF1Klinika Otolaryngologii Chirurgii Głowy i Szyi Świętokrzyskie Centrum Onkologii w Kielcach2Wydział Lekarski i Nauk o Zdrowiu, Uniwersytet Jana Kochanowskiego w KielcachArticle history: Received: 06.02.2016Accepted: 15.03.2016Published: 31.03.2016ABSTRACT:Objective: Lip carcinoma, as classified according to TNM system, is one of localizations of oral carcinoma. However it differs in numerous factors from other head and neck cancer. Material: 342 patients with diagnosed lip carcinoma, collected from 2001 to 2012, who in majority came from one of Po-land’s region – Holy Cross District. Among them 312 were treated primarily with surgery or with surgery + Rtg. Therapy.Methods:In retrospective survey the factors of age, sex and localization of lip carcinoma were taken into analysis. Apart of that in the subgroup who underwent surgery, the local and clinical staging, histopathology and selected patho-morphological factors were also presented. Results: In the analyzed group (n=342) the sex ratio was 6 : 1 in favor of men, with average age of 69,5 years, and the most common location (93,4%) of tumor was the lower lip. The majority of treated patients (n=312) have started ther-apy at the lover (T1+T2) local stage (93,9%), and in 97,4% squamous cell carcinoma was finally diagnosed.Discussion: Clinico-epidemiological characteristics of presented material is similar to data found in the literature. It must be stressed out that presented results might be comparable only with the data where TNM criteria of the lip are followed.

8

An analysis of causes of trauma, spectrum of injuries and treatment outcomes in patients treated at Multitrauma Centre of the University Teaching Hospital No 1 in Szczecin in 2015. Comparison of results from years 2015 and 2007

100%

Dziubiński D., Abramczyk U., Ciechanowicz D., Kozłowski J., Pakulski C., Żyluk A.

Polish Journal of Surgery

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2019

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vol. 91(4)

29-35

EN

Introduction: Multitrauma is defined as injury involving two or more different body parts, with a condition that at least one of these injuries is life-threatening. They represent serious traumas, requiring treatment in the intensive care units and frequently surgical intervention. Aim: The objective of this study was epidemiological and clinical analysis of patients treated in 2015 year in Multitrauma Centre of the University Teaching Hospital no 1 in Szczecin, and comparison the results with outcomes of similar study conducted in the same Centre in 2007 year. Material: Clinical material comprised medical notes of 82 patients, 52 men (63%) and 30 women (37%), with a mean age of 44 years, who sustained multitrauma injuries. An analysis included causes of traumas, spectrum of injuries, involvement of body parts, methods and outcomes of the treatment. Results: The most common cause of multitrauma was traffic accident – 45 cases (55%), followed by fall from height – 22 (27%) and other mechanism – 15 (18%). The most frequent component of multitrauma made bone fractures (spine, pelvis, limbs) – 64 cases (78%), followed by head traumas – 63 (77%), chest – 53 (65%) and abdominal 30 (36%) injuries. A total of 48 patients (58%) required surgical intervention, the most frequently fixation of bone fractures – 24 patients (29%), repair of abdominal and head injuries – 18 (22%) either. Of 82 treated patients 64 (78%) survived and 18 (22%) died. A mean period of stay in Multitrauma Centre was 23 days for survived patients and 17 days for those who died. Comparing to similar analysis conducted 8 years earlier, a change in involvement of particular body parts comprising multitrauma injury was observed: number of head injuries increased of 14%, number of chest traumas and bone fractures decreased of 21% and 11%, respectively. The survival rate improved of 10%.

9

Variability of clinical characteristic of colorectal cancer patients – analysis of selected parameters

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Copija A., Głogowski Ł., Walkiewicz K., Janion K., Nowakowska-Zajdel E.

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vol. 8

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issue 3

80-85

EN

Introduction: A steady increase of the incidence of colorectal cancer has been observed for over 30 years, particularly in well-developed countries. Colorectal cancer is one of the lifestyle-related neoplasms and depends on environmental factors. Aim: Aim of the study was to analyse selected clinical features of colorectal cancer patients. Material and methods: The study group consisted of 577 consecutive patients with colorectal cancer treated in the Department of Clinical Oncology in Bytom in 2006–2014. The patients were included into the study prospectively. The analysis of selected clinical, pathological and anthropometrical parameters was conducted. Results: The study group included 237 women and 341 men aged 26 to 86 years (mean age 64.3 ± 9.2 years). Primary tumours were mostly located in the colon and had histological grade 2. The surgical removal of the primary tumour was performed in 540 patients. 65 patients underwent preoperative radiotherapy, 201 – postoperative chemotherapy and 91 – postoperative radio-chemotherapy. 132 of patients obtained the first-line palliative chemotherapy. 88 of patients did not received oncological treatment. KRAS/RAS mutation were determined in 73 patients and the EGFR expression status in 53 patients. Conclusions: Colorectal cancer patients are a heterogeneous group with differential clinical, pathological and molecular features. 1. Therapeutic management of patients with colorectal cancer largely depends on its location, clinical and pathological stage, patients performance status and comorbidities. 2. Understanding the clinical features of patients with colorectal cancer becomes helpful in designing of screening, which take into account clinical profile of the patient, i.e. age, gender, comorbidities and anthropometric characteristics

10

The multicenter study result of diagnosis and treatment laryngeal carcinoma in Poland from 2001 to 2010

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Osuch-Wójcikiewicz E., Bruzgielewicz A., Majszyk D., Łuczaj J., Pawlak-Osińska K., Stodulski D., Pomarańska M., Kaczmarczyk D., Leszczyńska M., Domka W., Miśkiewicz-Orczyk K., Postuła S., Golusiński P., Piotrowicz M., Niemczyk K.

Polski Przegląd Otorynolaryngologiczny

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2016

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vol. 5(2)

1-11

EN

Introduction: The laryngeal cancer is the most frequently diagnose malignancy in head and neck region. The highest morbidity is within male patients in the age range between 50 and 70 years. The multicenter study, coordinated by Oto-laryngology Department of Medical University of Warsaw, was designed to investigate the epidemiology of laryngeal cancer in Poland from 1980 and to analyze the evolution of diagnostic and therapeutical procedures over the years.Material and methods: There was performed retrospective analysis of the medical records of patients with laryn-geal cancer hospitalized and treated in 12 otolaryngology centers in Poland from 2001 to 2010. The Microsoft Access 2003 (SP 2) platform was used to collect the data and subsequent statistical analysis.Results: There were collected data from 4124 patients, 3682 men (89,3%) and 442 women (10,7%). The largest group consisted of patients in the age range between 50 and 60 years (41,5%) and the second large group was of those be-tween 60 and 70 years (29,6%). The history of heavy cigarettes smoking was obtained from 81,3% of patients. Re-garding the staging of laryngeal cancer, there were 1634 patients with cancer stage of I or II, including 5 patients with carcinoma in situ and 2490 patients with III or IV stage. The most frequent localization of the cancer was the glottis, followed with invasion of all three laryngeal levels and tumors occupying both the epiglottis and glottis. The major-ity of patients – 1367 (33%) – has the T3 tumor advancement. The lymph nodes metastases (N) were present in 1216 (29,5%) patients and among them the N2b and N2c advancement ( lymph node larger than 6 cm, multiple) was de-tected in 533 of patients (13%). The lymph nodes involvement occurred in majority within advanced tumors of T3 or T4a. Considering the treatment options they varied depending on the staging of laryngeal cancer. The sole surgical procedures were performed in 73,7% of patients with cancer stage of I or II and in only 28.6% of patients with the stage of III or IV. The advanced tumors were in majority treated with the combined therapy: surgery and radiotherapy. The overall survival in patients with cancer stage of I and II was 64% and 61% for those with stage III and IV.Conclusions: The rate of laryngeal cancer detection is quite high in Poland, however the period from the onset of symptoms until diagnosis should be reduced. The effectiveness of surgical treatment is definitely unsatisfactory. The project to create a multicenter permanent base for monitoring the course of diagnosis and treatment in patients with laryngeal cancer surely will verify the procedures and enable to achieve better results. Continuation of this project is a task for all otorhinolaryngologists.KEYWORDS:laryngeal carcinoma, epidemiology, clinical characteristics, multicenter study

11

Gender-related incidence, risk factors exposure and survival rates of laryngeal cancers – the 10-years analysis of trends from one institution

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Majszyk D., Bruzgielewicz A., Osuch-Wójcikiewicz E., Rzepakowska A., Niemczyk K.

Polish Journal of Otolaryngology

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2019

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vol. 73

|

issue 3

6-10

EN

Objectives: The aim of the study was the analysis of the epidemiology of laryngeal cancer over 10 years in relation to known risk factors and to assess the current survival rates in this group of patients. Methods: The data were retrospectively collected from patients’ medical records, then entered in the database using dedicated software and a statistical analysis was performed. Results: 512 subjects - 443 men (86.5%) and 69 women (13.5%) were enrolled into the study. The male-to-female ratio was 6.4:1. There were 97.1% smoking women and 98% smoking men, however the history of more than 20 cigarettes per day smoking admitted 81.1 % of women and 94.6% of men. Heavy alcohol consumption was the case in 14 (20.3%) women and in 307 (69.3%) men. For both the size of heavy alcohol consumption and the size of excessive tobacco use, there was found statistically significant difference between women and men with laryngeal cancer (p<0.05). In the majority of male and female subjects, the tumour was located in the supraglottis/glottis area. Apparently this tumour location was much more common among women, accounting for 60.9% of cases , while in men was confirmed in 39.3% of cases. The stages of the laryngeal cancer were similarly of high advancement for both the men and women - stages III and IV were confirmed in 82.6% of women and in 77.6% of men. The over 5-year survival rate was 39.1% among women and 37.2% among men. Conclusions Contradictory to decreased exposure to risk factors and the shorter period for diagnosis, the higher stages of cancer were observed in women. Although in women the advancement was higher and the majority of cases were located in unfavourable supraglottic area, the survival rates were higher. Key words: laryngeal cancer, epidemiology, men and women, risk factors

12

Epidemiology of Cranio-Cerebral Injuries in Emergency Medical Services Practice

100%

Szarpak Ł., Madziała M.

Polish Journal of Surgery

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2011

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vol. 83

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issue 12

646-651

EN

Head injuries have always accompanied the man. Cranio-cerebral injuries are the most common and often can lead to an imminent threat to life.The aim of the study was the analysis of interventions of Emergency Medical Service teams in respect of patients manifesting symptoms indicative of suffered cranio-cerebral injuries.Material and methods. We analyzed the emergency intervent card (protection medically Piaseczno and Otwock in 2009) - the cranio-cerebral injuries (CCI).Results. We analyzed 1049 cases of CCI. Twice as likely to cranial injuries - brain affected men population. Most accidents happened in the afternoon (13-18) and in the summer months (June - August). Falls from height were the most common cause of cranio-cerebral injuries, but most cases related to the superficial bruising of the head.Conclusions. Cranio-cerebral injuries are the predominant group among all the injuries. Men twice as likely to suffer injury - cranial cerebral compared to women. Most CCI suffer economically active people of 30-39 years age bracket. The most common cause of injury - cranial brain are falls from height, also traffic accidents and falls at the same level. Contusion skins, open wound of the head and concussion injuries are the most common forms of cranio-cerebral injuries.

13

Epidemiology of Cancer in Central and Eastern Europe Versus Western Europe and Poland

100%

Zatoński W., Didkowska J., Wojciechowska U.

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issue 10

434-452

EN

The health transformation that took place after the Second World War in Europe was significantly delayed in the Central and Eastern European countries compared to countries of Northern Europe and United Kingdom. However, as death rates from cardiovascular disease have begun to fall since the 1990s, cancer has emerged as the most common cause of death among young and middle-aged adult women (20-64 years old) in the Central and Eastern European countries. In the coming decade it seems likely to be the leading cause of death among young and middle-aged adult men.The aim of the study was to compare the diversity in cancer risk, contrasting the "old" (EU-15) and the "new" Member States of European Union coming from Central and Eastern European (EU-10) and separately Poland.Material and methods. Data on deaths (1959-2002) in each country have been extracted from the World Health Organization database. Population data are from the Population Division of the Department of Economic and Social Affairs of the United Nations. Direct standardization has been undertaken using the World Standard Population.Results. The difference in life expectancy attributable to cancer for group 20-64 years of age is 0.68 of a year (16% of the total gap) among men and 0.35 of a year (24% of the total) among women. Trends in cancer over time differ significantly by gender, age group and time period in Central and Eastern Europe. The predicted mortality rate in Central and Eastern Europe in 2015 equates to 201/105 (95% CI 198.9-204) for men and 105.6/105 (95% CI 104.1-107.0) for women.Conclusions. In the Central and Eastern European countries deficiency of primary prevention is a main reason of poor health consciousness (consequences of smoking, fatty diet, low physical activity) and late introduction of poorly organized secondary prevention is responsible for worse survival of cancer patients, however tertiary prevention (therapy) is implemented in similar way as in Western Europe. Our analysis indicates that the greatest possibilities, but also the greatest unmet need, lie in primary and secondary prevention.

14

Gender-related incidence, risk factors exposure and survival rates of laryngeal cancers – the 10-years analysis of trends from one institution

100%

Majszyk D., Bruzgielewicz A., Osuch-Wójcikiewicz E., Rzepakowska A., Niemczyk K.

Otolaryngologia Polska

|

2019

|

vol. 73(3)

6-10

EN

Objectives: The aim of the study was the analysis of the epidemiology of laryngeal cancer over 10 years in relation to known risk factors and to assess the current survival rates in this group of patients. Methods: The data were retrospectively collected from patients’ medical records, then entered in the database using dedicated software and a statistical analysis was performed. Results: 512 subjects - 443 men (86.5%) and 69 women (13.5%) were enrolled into the study. The male-to-female ratio was 6.4:1. There were 97.1% smoking women and 98% smoking men, however the history of more than 20 cigarettes per day smoking admitted 81.1 % of women and 94.6% of men. Heavy alcohol consumption was the case in 14 (20.3%) women and in 307 (69.3%) men. For both the size of heavy alcohol consumption and the size of excessive tobacco use, there was found statistically significant difference between women and men with laryngeal cancer (p<0.05). In the majority of male and female subjects, the tumour was located in the supraglottis/glottis area. Apparently this tumour location was much more common among women, accounting for 60.9% of cases , while in men was confirmed in 39.3% of cases. The stages of the laryngeal cancer were similarly of high advancement for both the men and women - stages III and IV were confirmed in 82.6% of women and in 77.6% of men. The over 5-year survival rate was 39.1% among women and 37.2% among men. Conclusions Contradictory to decreased exposure to risk factors and the shorter period for diagnosis, the higher stages of cancer were observed in women. Although in women the advancement was higher and the majority of cases were located in unfavourable supraglottic area, the survival rates were higher. Key words: laryngeal cancer, epidemiology, men and women, risk factors

15

Knowledge of young Polish women of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and cervical cancer prevention

100%

Biała M., Inglot M., Knysz B.

Medycyna Środowiskowa - Environmental Medicine

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2015

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vol. 18

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issue 1

34-37

EN

Introduction. HPV infection is the most frequent sexually transmitted disease and a major epidemiological problem in the world. HPV 16 and HPV 18 are responsible for over 70.0% cases of cervical cancer. The aim of this study was to evaluate the knowledge of young women concerning HPV infection as well as possibilities of cervical cancer prevention. Moreover, the study had to determine which groups of young women especially required educational campaigns. Material and methods. The questionnaire survey was carried out among 126 young Polish women aged 18–35. The results were statistically analyzed. Results. The survey found that 41.3% women had heard about HPV before interview. Nearly 38.5% of women correctly indicated the occurrence of cancer which is associated with HPV infection. About 23.0% of women received a vaccination against HPV, only 19.2% of women correctly identified who should be subjected to vaccination. The best knowledge about cervical cancer and disease prevention was manifested among female university graduates and groups living in urban areas. Those women also more often underwent cytological screening. Conclusions. Educational campaigns should particularly include group of women living in the rural areas and women with primary and secondary education.

PL

Wstęp. Zakażenia HPV są najbardziej powszechną infekcją przenoszoną drogą płciową i stanowią istotny problem epidemiologiczny na świecie. Za ponad 70,0% zachorowań na raka szyjki macicy odpowiada zakażenie HPV 16 oraz HPV 18. Celem pracy była ocena wiedzy młodych kobiet na temat zakażenia HPV oraz możliwości profilaktyki raka szyjki macicy. Ponadto badanie miało na celu wykazanie, w których grupach młodych kobiet istnieje szczególna potrzeba prowadzenia działań edukacyjnych na temat profilaktyki. Materiał i metody. Badaniu ankietowemu poddano 126 kobiet w wieku 18–35 lat. Uzyskane wyniki poddano analizie statystycznej. Wyniki. W przeprowadzonym badaniu 41,3% kobiet zadeklarowało, że słyszało wcześniej o HPV. Blisko 38,5% kobiet poprawnie wskazało do wystąpienia jakiego nowotworu predysponuje zakażenie HPV. Jedynie 23,0% kobiet poddało się szczepieniu przeciwko HPV, zaś 19,2% kobiet potrafi poprawnie wskazać kto powinien być poddawany szczepieniom. Większą wiedzą na temat HPV oraz szczepień charakteryzowały się kobiety z wyższym wykształceniem oraz mieszkanki miast. Kobiety te również częściej korzystały z bezpłatnych badań cytologicznych. Wnioski. Brak wystarczającej wiedzy na temat HPV i profilaktyki raka szyjki macicy charakteryzował kobiety zamieszkujące obszary wiejskie, dlatego też na te grupy powinno zwrócić się szczególną uwagę w szerzeniu działań profilaktycznych.

16

Analysis of etiology and treatment methods of epistaxis in adult patients visiting

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Syniec M., Prygiel J., Dubielska A., Taradaj K., Deja M. D., Balcerzak J.

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2015

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vol. 4(4)

21-26

EN

Introduction: Epistaxis is not only the most commonly seen type of bleeding in laryngological emergency department, but also a frequent reason of visiting this department. It may be a symptom of trivial disorder or serious systemic either chronic disease.Aim of study: The primary objective of this study was to analyze the etiology and treatment methods of epistaxis in adult patients. Material and methods: This was the retrospective study of 574 adult patients who visited the Emergency Department of Otolaryngology in Public Central Teaching Hospital between 1st January and 30th December 2014 because of epistaxis. There were 274 females and 300 males with the mean age of 64,6 years (woman), and 60,3 years (men). Results: 228 patients (39,7%) were chronically treated for hypertension. Blood pressure measurement was performed in 335 patients (58,4%) and elevation over 160 mmHg systolic, or over 95mmHg diastolic took place in 132 cases (22,99%). Other significant factor observed in the study was anticoagulant and antithrombotic drug usage. In 134 cases (22,3%) patients were treated with medicine from this group (the most frequently- acetylsalicylic acid). Other accompanying disorders were: heart failure, atrial fibrillation, diabetes mellitus, other cardio-/cerebro-vascular diseases, COPD, respiratory track infection. The most common intervention in case of epistaxis was nasal packing (Rapid Rhino – 248 patients, Spongostan sponge – 129 patients). Captoprilum was administered in 79 cases (13,8%) to normalize elevated blood pressure. 90 patients (15,6%) required an additional internal medicine consultation. Conclusion: The impaired control of hypertension and treatment with oral anticoagulant (acenocumarol) or antithrombotic drugs (acetylsalicylic acid) were the most common reasons of epistaxis in examined group of patients. The most frequent symptomatic management were packing with Spongostan sponge and Rapid Rhino balloon tampon. Typical anterior nasal tamponade with gauze was much less frequent. The treatment according to the etiology was added if needed.

17

Primary progressive multiple sclerosis in the Polish population

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Brola W., Sobolewski P., Flaga S., Fudala M., Potemkowski A.

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issue 1

5-14

EN

Objectives: The aim of the study was the epidemiological analysis and evaluation of selected clinical and sociodemographic factors in Polish patients with primary progressive multiple sclerosis. Methods: The study included patients from 7 provinces in central and eastern Poland registered in the Registry of Patients with Multiple Sclerosis on 31 December 2016. The incidence of various forms of the disease was compared, and clinical, demographic and social disparities between relapsing-remitting and primary progressive multiple sclerosis were analysed. Results: Of 3,199 registered patients, 2,188 persons (66.2%) had the relapsing-remitting form of multiple sclerosis, 774 (24.2%) had the secondary progressive type and 307 (9.6%) suffered from primary progressive disease. The first symptoms of primary progressive multiple sclerosis appeared almost 10 years later than in patients with the relapsing-remitting type (39.2 ± 11.4 vs. 29.8 ± 9.8). The period from the first symptoms to diagnosis was more than twice as long in patients with primary progressive multiple sclerosis (5.8 ± 3.4) as in those with relapsing-remitting disease (2.4 ± 1.6). The average degree of disability in the Expanded Disability Status Scale was similar and amounted to 3.2 ± 2.1 for relapsing-remitting and 3.6 ± 2.4 for primary progressive multiple sclerosis. The relapsing-remitting form was observed more often in women (2.4:1), and the primary progressive form appeared with equal frequency in both sexes (1:1). Disease-modifying treatment was received by 34% of patients with relapsing-remitting and in only 1.9% of patients with primary progressive multiple sclerosis. Conclusions: The primary progressive form affects approximately 10% of Polish patients with multiple sclerosis. The first symptoms appear at about 40 years of age with equal frequency in both sexes, and its diagnosis takes more than twice as much time as in the case of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis.

PL

Cel: Celem badania była analiza epidemiologiczna oraz ocena wybranych czynników klinicznych i socjodemograficznych polskich pacjentów z pierwotnie postępującym stwardnieniem rozsianym. Metody: Do badania włączono pacjentów zamieszkujących 7 województw środkowej i wschodniej Polski, objętych Rejestrem Chorych ze Stwardnieniem Rozsianym w dniu 31 grudnia 2016 roku. Porównywano częstość występowania poszczególnych postaci choroby, a także analizowano różnice kliniczne, demograficzne i społeczne między postacią rzutowo-remisyjną i pierwotnie postępującą stwardnienia rozsianego. Wyniki: Spośród 3199 zarejestrowanych pacjentów postać rzutowo-remisyjną miało 2188 osób (66,2%), wtórnie postępującą – 774 (24,2%), a pierwotnie postępującą – 307 (9,6%). Pierwsze objawy postaci pierwotnie postępującej stwardnienia rozsianego pojawiały się prawie 10 lat później niż w przypadku postaci rzutowo-remisyjnej (39,2 ± 11,4 vs 29,8 ± 9,8). U chorych z postacią pierwotnie postępującą okres od pierwszych objawów do rozpoznania był ponad dwukrotnie dłuższy (5,8 ± 3,4) niż u tych z postacią rzutowo-remisyjną (2,4 ± 1,6). Średni stopień niesprawności w Rozszerzonej Skali Niewydolności Ruchowej (Expanded Disability Status Scale, EDSS) był zbliżony i wynosił 3,2 ± 2,1 dla postaci rzutowo- -remisyjnej i 3,6 ± 2,4 dla pierwotnie postępującej. Postać rzutowo-remisyjną częściej stwierdzano u kobiet (2,4:1), natomiast postać pierwotnie postępująca występowała z równą częstością u obu płci (1:1). Leczenie modyfikujące przebieg choroby otrzymywało 34% osób z postacią rzutowo-remisyjną i tylko 1,9% z pierwotnie postępującą. Wnioski: Postać pierwotnie postępująca występuje u około 10% polskich pacjentów ze stwardnieniem rozsianym, pierwsze objawy pojawiają się około 40. roku życia z jednakową częstością u obu płci, a diagnoza postaci pierwotnie postępującej zajmuje ponad dwukrotnie więcej czasu niż rozpoznanie postaci rzutowo-remisyjnej.

18

Let’s discuss the Criteria of Bradford Hill (1965)

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Ulmer H.-V.

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EN

On 10th October 2020, the German Federal Ministry for the Environment had responded to an inquiry concerning causality, as follows: The nine criteria of Hill [1] are a “central pillar for the determination of causality in epidemiology.” The reason of the inquiry was the dramatic press release: “Air pollution is responsible for more than 400,000 premature deaths/year in Europe.” Among others, the “central pillar” agrees e. g. with reference [2]. Applying to expert discussions, a colleague had commented on this matter: “All our environmental epidemiologists refer to the Bradford Hill criteria”. Is this also the case in publications?Whilst reading through numerous epidemiological publications on sport & health respectively environment & health, the author had never come across these criteria – the reason for this letter to the editor.In 1965, HILL had given detailed considerations to the conditions that would have to be fulfilled in the case of epidemiological associations found before they could be used as a reason to “cry causation”.Extensive annually published reports of the EEA (European Environment Agency) deal with air pollution and human health. In 2019 as key message ([3] p. 63): “Air pollution is the single largest environmental health risk in Europe, with around 400 000 premature deaths attributed to air pollution¼ in 2018” ([3] p. 63) and again in 2020: “Air pollution is a major cause of premature death ¼, responsible for around 400 000 premature deaths per year” ([4] p. 10).The corresponding EEA studies are based on epidemiological surveys, collected in the categories urban – suburban – rural ([4] p. 11). The results, often calculated using the DPSEEAModel ([5] to Healthcare Waste Management), are correctly described from a statistical point of view as: “Deaths attributed to” ([2] p. 63), “associated with” ([1] p. 10), “relationship (between exposure to ambient pollutant concentrations and health outcome” [1] p. 106), “Estimates are produced” or: “the impacts attributable to exposure” ([4] p. 106). But then there is a mind jump to causality by complaining: “Air pollution is a major cause of premature death” ([4] p.10) and implicite with “air pollution is currently the most important environmental risk to human health” ([4] p.9): A typical case of “cry causation”, but without prior examination of the Bradford-Hill-criteria. These are neither mentioned in the text nor in the reference list, nor are alternative criteria (e.g. [6]). However, the published conclusions claiming causality led to serious environmental policy consequences. Yet the question of causality should be decisive for avoiding a so-called stork statistic.Therefore: Let’s discuss the Bradford-Hill-criteria! I am interested to find environmental epidemiological studies in which all of the 9 criteria have been thoroughly discussed rather than having to endure serious environmental policy consequences triggered as “cry causation”. An orienting PubMed analysis did not reveal any reference to environmental epidemiology among 79 hits, but in other research fields associations were often evaluated using all 9 Bradford-Hill-criteria, in two cases even resulting in the rejection of a hypothesis.Therefore, if anyone knows of an environmental health epidemiological study in which the 9 Bradford-Hill criteria were discussed individually prior to “cry causation”: Please provide the author with the bibliographical details: ulmer@uni-mainz.de.The Editor in Chief has agreed to publish a corresponding list of entries in issue 3/2021.

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Malignant tumors of the oral cavity and neck in Clinic of Maxillo-Facial Surgery in Poznań from 2002–2004

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Lewandowski L., Osmola K., Nowaczyk M.

Otolaryngologia Polska

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2007

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vol. 61(3)

286-289

EN

Increasing number of malignant neoplasms of the oral cavity and facial region as well as lower age of the patients hospitalized were the interest of the authors. Material and methods. Clinical data from the years 2002–2004 were analysed in this paper. In this study the factors as: sex and age of patients, tumor localization, histological examinations, surgical treatment of the tumor and lymph nodes are reported. Results. During the 3 years period there were 346 tumors of the oral cavity treated in Clinic of Maxillofacial Surgery in Poznaƒ. Epidemiologic studies have revealed a increased number of squamous cell carcinomas and other malignant tumors as lymphomas, adenoid cystic carcinomas and sarcomas of the oro-facial region. The staging of the tumors is similar as in previous years. Conclusions. The study shows better knowledge about oral malignancies in dentists and general praticioners. The tumor patients are surgically treated earlyer as in previous years.

20

Increase in the incidence of parotid gland tumors in the years 2005–2014

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Stryjewska-Makuch G., Kolebacz B., Janik M. A., Wolnik A.

Polish Journal of Otolaryngology

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2017

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vol. 71

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issue 2

29-34

EN

Introduction: Salivary gland tumours account for 3-6% of tumours of the head and neck. About 80% of salivary gland tumors occur in parotid glands, 10-17% of which are malignant The aim of the study was to assess whether there is an upward trend in cancer incidence within the parotid glands, with particular emphasis on cancers. Materials and methods: 322 patients underwent surgery and 328 parotid gland tumours were removed in the years 2005-2014 at the Department of Laryngology and Laryngological Oncology of the Upper Silesian Medical Centre in Katowice-Ochojec. Clinical, histopathological and statistical analyses of the removed parotid gland tumours were performed. Results and discussion: A significant increase in the incidence of benign tumours, especially mixed and Warthin tumours, was demonstrated. There was no significant increase in the number of malignant tumours over the analysed period of time.

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