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Dehydrochlorination of 1,3-Dichloropropan-2-Ol by Calcium and Sodium Hydroxide Solutions

100%
Krzyżanowska A., Milchert E., Bartkowiak M.
Polish Journal of Chemical Technology
|
2014
|
vol. 16
|
issue 3
86-90
EN
The results of dehydrochlorination of 88 wt% aqueous solution of 1,3-dichloropropan-2-ol to epichlorohydrin are reported. The process was carried out in the reaction-stripping column system with a continuous removal of epichlorohydrin in the steam stream. Aqueous solutions of sodium and calcium hydroxides at concentrations in the range of 3-14 wt% were used for the dehydrochlorination. The infl uence of the type and concentration of dehydrochlorination agent on 1,3-dichloropropan-2-ol conversion, the selectivity of transformation to epichlorohydrin and by-products, and the composition of distillate and wastewater were studied.
2
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Synthesis of the cross-linked humic acid supporting palladium catalyst and its catalytic properties for Heck reaction

100%
Xu Q., Shi W., Cui Y.
Polish Journal of Chemical Technology
|
2012
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vol. 14
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issue 2
75-79
EN
Cross-linked humic acid supporting palladium (CL-HA-Pd) catalyst was prepared readily and characterized by infrared analysis (IR) and thermogravimetric analysis (TG). The catalyst could catalyze the Heck reaction of aryl halide or substituted aryl halide with vinyl compounds in N2 atmosphere; the yields were above 95%. The catalyst could be recovered and reused 7 times with the Heck reaction of iodobenzene with acrylic acid, and the yield was above 75.6%. The results showed that the catalyst had high catalytic activity even at low temperature of 62°C or with a small amount of the catalyst.
3
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Esterification of palmitic acid with epichlorohydrin on anion exchange resin catalyst

88%
Muresan E., Oprea S., Malutan T., Vata M.
Open Chemistry
|
2007
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vol. 5
|
issue 3
715-726
EN
The esterification reaction of palmitic acid with epichlorohydrin catalyzed by an anionic macroporous resin was studied. Purolite A-500 resin proved to be a very effective catalyst in the synthesis of 3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl palmitate. The effects of certain parameters such as speed of agitation, catalyst particle size, catalyst loading, temperature, initial molar ratio between reactants on the rate of reaction were studied. It was found that the overall rate is intrinsically kinetically controlled. The structure of synthesized ester was confirmed by FTIR and 1H NMR analyses. [...]
4
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Changes in the composition of wastewater as a result of dehydrochlorination of 1,3-dichloropropan-2-ol under different process conditions

88%
Krzyżanowska A., Milchert E., Bartkowiak M.
Polish Journal of Chemical Technology
|
2014
|
vol. 16
|
issue 1
92-96
EN
The results of dehydrochlorination of 1,3-dichloropropan-2-ol to epichlorohydrin are reported. The process ran in the reaction-stripping column system with a continuous removal of epichlorohydrin in a steam stream. The influence of 10 wt% alkali solution (NaOH, Ca(OH)2) and the method of distillate collection on the 1,3-dichloropropan-2-ol conversion, selectivity of transformation to epichlorohydrin and by-products, and the composition of wastewater have been analysed.
5
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Catalytic performances of cross-linking humic acids supported Pd/Ni bimetallic catalyst for heck reaction

88%
Xu Q., Zhang L., Shi W., Cui Y.
Polish Journal of Chemical Technology
|
2009
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vol. 11
|
issue 3
22-26
EN
The cross-linking humic acids (CL-HAs), epichlorohydrin as the cross-linking reagent and the supported Pd/Ni bimetallic catalysts (CL-HAs-Pd/Ni) were prepared and characterized by IR, AAS, XPS, TEM. The effects of reaction time, temperature, base, solvent and the amount of catalyst on the properties of the catalyst were studied. These catalysts could catalyze the Heck reaction of aryl halides and substituted aryl halides with acrylic acids or styrene successfully; the yields were all above 95%.
6
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APPLICATION OF CROSS-LINKED CHITOSAN FOR PHOSPHATE REMOVAL FROM AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS

75%
Filipkowska U., Jóźwiak T., Szymczyk P.
Progress on Chemistry and Application of Chitin and its Derivatives
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2014
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vol. 19
5-14
EN
This study investigated the effectiveness of phosphate adsorption onto non-cross-linked chitosan beads [CHs], and onto chitosan beads cross-linked with glutaraldehyde [ALD-CHs] and epichlorohydrin [ECH-CHs]. The weight ratio of glutaraldehyde to chitosan was 1:2 (w/w), whereas that of epichlorohydrin to chitosan was 2:1 (w/w). The optimal pH value of the phosphate adsorption process was determined at pH 3 for cross-linked chitosan and at pH 4 for noncross- linked chitosan. The time needed to reach the equilibrium concentration reached 60 min for both adsorbents. Experimental data were described with the heterogeneous Langmuir model (double Langmuir equation). The most effective adsorbent of phosphates was shown to be chitosan cross-linked with epichlorohydrin [ECH-CHs] - for which the adsorption capacity reached 139.4 mg/g d.m.CHs. In the case of the remaining adsorbents (chitosan [CHs] and chitosan crosslinked with glutaraldehyde [ALD-CHs]) the adsorption capacity was lower and accounted for 44.38 mg/g d.m.CHs and 108.24 mg/g d.m.CHs, respectively.
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