Search results

1

Bioindication as challenge in Modern Environmental Protection

100%

Jóźwiak M. A., Jóźwiak M.

Ecological Chemistry and Engineering S

|

2014

|

vol. 21

|

issue 4

577-591

EN

Research into and diagnosis of environmental change prior to the introduction of bioindicator methods were linked primarily to apparatus. Drawing attention to the reactions of organisms sensitive to that change and using them in environmental quality control have opened new opportunities for development of a new scientific discipline, known in the literature as bioindication. Bioindication combines several scientific disciplines, including biology, broadly conceived geography, and chemistry. It thus combines in a comprehensible manner apparatus-derived measurements (chemical analysis results) and areas of bioindicator exposure (situation and distance from the emitter), translating these parameters into bioindicators' anatomical and morphological reactions. The development of bioindicator methods progresses rapidly, and - as is usually the case under such circumstances - it is difficult to ensure that they are transparent and that no chaos ensues. In view of the above, it seems necessary to embark on a discussion of these issues and consider compiling lists of most applicable indicator organisms for examination of particular environmental toxins in particular environments.

2

Technological contributions to environmental pollution emanating from military adventurism: A review

100%

Amanambu V. O., Nduka K. J.

World News of Natural Sciences

|

2024

|

vol. 52

98-117

EN

Technology is the knowledge of the manipulation of nature for human purposes. This implies that all practical or technical skills are ultimately derived from alterations or manipulation of nature. Furthermore, technology is the knowledge and instruments that humans use to accomplish the purposes of life. The study was conducted to review technological contributions to environmental pollution and its associated health risk, with a view to find out environmental pollution resulting from military adventurism and its effect to man and environment. In order to achieve this, proven industrial activities that depict technology related to military adventurism were discussed.

3

Nitrate reductase activity in chosen mosses: a case of study in skalny colliery waste tip / Aktywność reduktazy azotanowej u wybranych mchów na przykładzie hałdy powęglowej skalny

100%

Krywult M., Salachna A., Chmura D., Żarnowiec J.

Chemistry-Didactics-Ecology-Metrology

|

2013

|

vol. 18

|

issue 1-2

61-68

EN

Two species of mosses in relation to nitrogen metabolism were examined. This subject is little known in this group of plant. Investigations of nitrate reductase activity in green tissues of Brachythecium rutabulum (Hedw.) Schimp. and Atrichum undulatum (Hedw.) P.Beauv. were performed. The study was conducted in two localities: heavy contaminated waste tip Skalny located in Upper Silesia, and Blonia City Park in Bielsko-Biala which place was chosen as a control area. For both species high activity of the enzyme was detected. The nitrate reductase activity varied between 99 to 9093 nmol per g dry mass per hour for B. rutabulum and 265 to 5135 nmol per g d.m. per hour of nitrite synthesized for A. undulatum respectively on Skalny waste tip. In the control area the results varied between 747 to 1077 for B. rutabulum and 171 to 518 nmol per g d.m. per hour of nitrite synthesized for A. undulatum, respectively. The differences were statistically significant only between the two species but not between habitats probably due to high dispersion and small amount of replications. The levels of nitrate and nitrite in stream water in both areas were also measured. In the Skalny waste tip there were high and reached 1.66 mg · dm-3 of nitrite and 65 mg · dm-3 of nitrate, respectively. In the control area these amounts were lower and reach zero level for nitrite and 4.5 mg · dm-3 of nitrate, respectively.

PL

Dwa gatunki mchów badano pod kątem asymilacji azotu. To zagadnienie jest mało poznane u tej grupy roślin. Przeprowadzono badania aktywności reduktazy azotanowej w zielonych tkankach Brachythecium rutabulum (Hedw.) Schimp. i Atrichum undulatum (Hedw.) P.Beauv. Badania zostały wykonane w dwóch miejscach: na hałdzie powęglowej Skalny na Górnym Śląsku i w parku w dzielnicy Błonia w Bielsku-Białej, które zostało wybrane jako miejsce kontrolne. Dla obu gatunków stwierdzono wysoką aktywność enzymu. Aktywność reduktazy azotanowej wahała się od 99 do 9093 nmol na g suchej masy na godzinę dla B. rutabulum i 265 do 5135 nmol na g suchej masy na godzinę azotynu syntetyzowanego u A. undulatum na hałdzie Skalny. W miejscu kontrolnym wyniki wahały się od 747 do 1077 dla B. rutabulum i 171 do 518 nmol na g sm/h u A. undulatum. Różnice były statystycznie znaczące tylko pomiędzy gatunkami, ale nie pomiędzy typem siedliska prawdopodobnie ze względu na wysoką dyspersję i małą liczbę powtórzeń. Zmierzono także poziom azotanów i azotynów w strumieniu wody w obu miejscach. Na hałdzie Skalny zawartość była wysoka i osiągnęła odpowiednio: 1,66 mg dm-3 azotynu oraz 65 mg dm-3 azotanu. W miejscu kontrolnym wartości te były niższe i osiągnęły odpowiednio poziom zerowy dla azotynów i 4,5 mg dm-3 dla azotanu.

4

Effect of pesticide residue in food crops on man and his environment

100%

Obunadike C. V., Yakubu Y. Y., Abdulrazaq O. O., Ogunsanmi A. O., Muhammad Z., Adio W. S., Lawal I. A., Adisa A. S.

|

EN

The use of pesticides has been a catalyst that improves crop quality and yield. It can be designed using conventional or modern technologies depending on the type of pesticides being used. It is used to prevent organisms that are considered to be harmful to crop growth and development by protecting them from pests and diseases, thus increasing food crop’s quality. There are several classifications of pesticides among which are; insecticides, fungicides, rodenticides, etc. Physicochemical and biological methods are the basic two ways of detecting pesticide poisoning. Immunoassays (biological) are the most prominent methods of detection, it requires the use of fluorescent, chemiluminescent or other detection methods to detect drugs, proteins, and some hormones. Pesticide residues are responsible for environmental pollution such as groundwater contamination, global warming and killing non-target organisms in the soil. Exposing the human body to excess pesticide residue can lead to various severe health conditions such as cancer, asthma, etc. The metabolism of pesticides in the body system undergoes two stages, namely; phase one and phase two. oxidation reactions occur in phrase one whereby pesticides functional groups are majorly synthesized by Cytochrome P450 enzymes. Phase two includes the reactions of phase I substrate with glucuronic acid (C6H10O7), tetraoxosulphate(VI) acid (H2SO4), ethanoic acid (CH3COOH), etc. to form more polar compounds for easy excretion. The introduction of inexpensive biodegradable pesticides and the enforcement and implementation of pesticide control and regulation laws has helped to decrease the negative effects of pesticide residue in humans and the surroundings. Pesticide residue can be eliminated or reduced from food crops by practicing organic farming, washing, and food product processing, natural pesticide application, and rational use of pesticides. It is highly recommended to follow the prescription of pesticides used to avoid its toxicity in the biological systems.

5

Application of micronucleus assay in plants to monitor environmental pollution in situ

88%

Kośmider B., Osiecka R., Siciński J. T., Beata Kośmider - University of Łódź D. o. C. a. P. M. B., Regina Osiecka - University of Łódź D. o. C. a. P. M. B., Jan T. Siciński - University of Łódź D. o. B.

Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Biologica et Oecologica

|

2008

|

vol. 4

EN

Samples of 5 vascular plant species: Achillea millefolium L., Artemisia vulgaris L., Festuca gigantea (L.) VILL., Ranunculus acris L. s. str. and Vicia angustifolia L. were collected near Fuel Storage Station, Chemical Fibre Factory “Wistom” in Tomaszów Mazowiecki and Sewage Treatment Plant in Sulejów. Genotoxicity of environmental pollution was analysed using micronucleus assays in pollen mother and root tip cells in comparison with plant material collected in the Tatra and Babia G óra National Parks. Abnorm alities in morphology of plants growing in polluted areas were also found. The cytogenetical analyses revealed positive correlation between the percentage of micronuclei and the presence of heavy metals in soil. Pollen mother cells (germ line) were found more susceptible to DNA damage as compared with root tip cells (somatic line).

6

Research trends on emerging environment pollutants – a review

88%

Rykowska I., Wasiak W.

Open Chemistry

|

2015

|

vol. 13

|

issue 1

EN

Concern for the natural environment increasingly devotes more attention to growing potential hazards resulting from the release of various substances. Currently, one of the main problems associated with environmental pollution is the derivation of organic compounds from wastewater. Substances derived from sewage leaks into the environment in the form of a multicomponent mixtures often enhances the toxic effects caused by these compounds. While analyzing the reports in the literature of the last two decades it can be seen that substantial efforts are devoted to the determination of selected trace contaminants present in wastewater. Among the most marked there are endocrine disrupting compounds, residues of pharmaceuticals and personal care products, plastics and sunscreens. Recently, a new group of compounds joined the aforementioned contaminants, namely drugs, whose legality and availability is increasing every year. Exposure to these type of compounds, named in the literature as emerging contaminants (ECs), involves, among others, such effects as hormonal imbalance, reduction of the survivability of aquatic organisms and reproductive problems. This paper provides a review of the types of emerging organic groundwater contaminants (EGCs) which are beginning to be found in the natural environment in many countries all around the world.

7

Application of mosses to identification of emission sources of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons / Wykorzystanie mchów do identyfikacji źródeł emisji wielopierścieniowych węglowodorów aromatycznych

75%

Ciesielczuk T., Olszowski T., Prokop M., Kłos A.

Ecological Chemistry and Engineering S

|

2012

|

vol. 19

|

issue 4

585-595

EN

The moss Pleurozium schreberi was used to evaluate the emission of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) at Polish cemeteries on the All Saints' Day, when Poles traditionally light candles and candle lamps in memory of the deceased. Moss samples were exposed for 7 days at 4 cemeteries and, for comparison, in a city centre and in a rural area. During exposition, the mean content of 16 monitored PAHs in the samples increased by 455 ng/g at the cemeteries and by 689 ng g-1 in the city centre. In the rural area, the samples showed no statistically significant changes. PAHs whose content increased only in the moss samples exposed at the cemeteries included naphthalene, pyrene, benzo[b]fluoranthene together with benzo[k]fluoranthene, benzo[g,h,i]perylene, indeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrene and dibenzo[a,h]anthracene. The concentrations of other PAHs increased in samples exposed in the city centre and at two cemeteries located in the suburban areas. The results presented confirm the possibility of using mosses in biomonitoring of PAHs.

PL

Mchy Pleurozium schreberi wykorzystano do oceny emisji WWA na cmentarzach podczas Święta Wszystkich Świętych. W Polsce jest to tradycyjny okres pamięci o zmarłych, dla których uczczenia spalane są duże ilości świec i zniczy. Mchy eksponowano przez 7 dni na 4 cmentarzach oraz, dla porównania, w centrum miasta i na terenie wiejskim. W próbkach mchów oznaczano 16 związków z grupy WWA. Po okresie ekspozycji średni przyrost ΣWWA wyniósł: na cmentarzach 455 ng/g i w centrum miasta 689 ng/g. Nie stwierdzono statystycznie istotnych zmian w próbkach eksponowanych na terenie wiejskim. W próbkach eksponowanych na cmentarzach wykazano charakterystyczne przyrosty stężeń: naftalenu, pirenu, sumy benzo[b]fluorantrenu i benzo[k]fluorantrenu, benzo[g,h,i]perylenu, indeno[1,2,3-cd]pirenu i dibenzo[a,h]antracenu. Stwierdzono także proporcjonalne przyrosty stężeń pozostałych WWA w próbkach eksponowanych w centrum miasta oraz na 2 cmentarzach położonych na jego peryferiach. Zaprezentowane wyniki badań potwierdzają opinię o możliwościach zastosowania mchów w biomonitoringu emisji WWA.

8

Microbial and chemical quality assessment of the small rivers entering the South Baltic. Part I: Case study on the watercourses in the Baltic Sea catchment area.

75%

Bączkowska E., Kalinowska A., Ronda O., Jankowska K., Bray R., Płóciennik B., Polkowska Ż., Bączkowska E., Kalinowska A., Ronda O., Jankowska K., Bray R., Płóciennik B., Polkowska Ż.

Archives of Environmental Protection

|

2021

|

vol. 47

|

issue 4

Refine search results

Bioindication as challenge in Modern Environmental Protection

Technological contributions to environmental pollution emanating from military adventurism: A review

Nitrate reductase activity in chosen mosses: a case of study in skalny colliery waste tip / Aktywność reduktazy azotanowej u wybranych mchów na przykładzie hałdy powęglowej skalny

Effect of pesticide residue in food crops on man and his environment

Application of micronucleus assay in plants to monitor environmental pollution in situ

Research trends on emerging environment pollutants – a review

Application of mosses to identification of emission sources of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons / Wykorzystanie mchów do identyfikacji źródeł emisji wielopierścieniowych węglowodorów aromatycznych

Microbial and chemical quality assessment of the small rivers entering the South Baltic. Part I: Case study on the watercourses in the Baltic Sea catchment area.