Slow-release microencapsulated N, P, and K fertilizer synthesis was optimized and the products exhaustively characterized. Four NPK formulations with nutrient mass ratios of 1:0:0, 1:1:0, 1:1:1, and 2:1:1 were characterized following European Council Regulation 2003/2003 for fertilizers as well as ICP-AES, 1H-NMR, FT-IR, HPLC, elemental analysis, XPS, SEM, dynamic light scattering, thermogravimetry, differential thermogravimetry, activity index, and leaching rate. These fertilizers have good slow-release properties and decrease waste and crop contaminants, improving environmental protection. Compared to classic granulated fertilizers, plant nutrient availability was improved allowing reduced application. Nutrient leaching parameters describing four different kinetic models were evaluated.
The authors examined the influence of fluorine as a factor disrupting the processes of municipal sewage biological treatment. Sodium fluoride was introduced to a municipal plant sewage treated in an oxygen zone, acting as a simulator of uncontrolled industrial sewage discharge. The influence of fluoride ion concentration and the duration of sewage treatment on its biological purification processes were examined. Also, the dependencies of the direction of changes in inorganic nitrogen connections, phosphorus concentration, COD and fluorine on the initial fluorine compound content in the purified sewage were determined. Research samples of the municipal sewage were drawn at the opening of the oxygen zone in a typical municipal sewage treatment plant (RLM > 100 000) employing intensified biogenic substance removal.
One of the key components of The Blue-Green Network in Łódź are valuable natural areas like the relicts of the natural wildlife (called “Green Treasures of Łódź”) which parts have been preserved in Łódź in spite of two hundred years, very intense urbanization processes. The result of years of geobotanical research in the city was establishing 23 areas of nature protection and proposing of 12 additional natural areas which need to be protected (8 areas of landscape protection and 4 ecological sites). Existing and proposed areas of nature protection, including river valleys, build the wildlife system of Łódź. Predominantly the important role in this concept play the Łódź’s river valleys with their vegetation potential. The Sokolowka River Valley which is located in the Northern-West part of Łódź was the exemplary research field for geobotanical and sozological valorization of the natural habitat of the Blue-Green Network. Within the Sokolowka valley there are retained fragments of precious nature ecosystems.
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