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Complement Proteins (C1est, C4, C6), Circulating Immune Complexes and the Repeated Bout Effect

100%

Semple S., McKune A., Smith L., Mokgethwa B., Wadee A.

Human Movement

2011

vol. 12

issue 1

95-99

Purpose. To determine if the complement system is activated following strenuous eccentrically-biased exercise. Secondly, to determine if complement activation is attenuated (repeated bout effect) following a second bout of the same exercise. Basic procedures. Healthy, active but untrained males performed 2 × 60 min bouts of downhill running, 14 days apart. Samples were taken pre, immediately post (IP), then every hour for twelve hours, and at 24, 48, 72, 96, 120 and 144 h post exercise. Concentrations of C1est, C4, and circulating immune complexes (CIC's) were determined using standardised nephelometery. C6 was determined using radial immunodifusion. The variables were analysed using a repeated measures ANOVA, with significance set at p < 0.05. Main findings. A significant (p < 0.01) run effect was observed for C1est, C4, C6 and CIC's with the concentrations elevated after run 2 compared with run 1. C1est and C4 exhibited significant time effects (p < 0.001). Conclusions. The complement system is activated following a strenuous bout of downhill running. Complement proteins and circulating immune complexes do not exhibit the same traditional ‘repeated bout effect’ as many other common markers of muscle damage/inflammation. The increase in complement proteins following the second bout may indicate enhanced innate immune function and/or an amplification of the immune response to tissue damage through interaction with the adaptive immune system.

The Accumulative Effect of Concentric‐Biased and Eccentric‐ Biased Exercise on Cardiorespiratory and Metabolic Responses to Subsequent Low‐Intensity Exercise: A Preliminary Study

88%

Gavin J. P., Myers S., Theodorus Willems M. E.

Journal of Human Kinetics

2015

vol. 49

issue 1

131-140

The study investigated the accumulative effect of concentric-biased and eccentric-biased exercise on cardiorespiratory, metabolic and neuromuscular responses to low-intensity exercise performed hours later. Fourteen young men cycled at low-intensity (~60 rpm at 50% maximal oxygen uptake) for 10 min before, and 12 h after: concentric-biased, single-leg cycling exercise (CON) (performed ~19:30 h) and eccentric-biased, double-leg knee extension exercise (ECC) (~06:30 h the following morning). Respiratory measures were sampled breath-by-breath, with oxidation values derived from stoichiometry equations. Knee extensor neuromuscular function was assessed before and after CON and ECC. Cardiorespiratory responses during low-intensity cycling were unchanged by accumulative CON and ECC. The RER was lower during low-intensity exercise 12 h after CON and ECC (0.88 ± 0.08), when compared to baseline (0.92 ± 0.09; p = 0.02). Fat oxidation increased from baseline (0.24 ± 0.2 g·min1) to 12 h after CON and ECC (0.39 ± 0.2 g·min1; p = 0.01). Carbohydrate oxidation decreased from baseline (1.59 ± 0.4 g·min-1) to 12 h after CON and ECC (1.36 ± 0.4 g·min1; p = 0.03). These were accompanied by knee extensor force loss (right leg: -11.6%, p < 0.001; left leg: -10.6%, p = 0.02) and muscle soreness (right leg: 2.5 ± 0.9, p < 0.0001; left leg: 2.3 ± 1.2, p < 0.01). Subsequent concentric-biased and eccentric-biased exercise led to increased fat oxidation and decreased carbohydrate oxidation, without impairing cardiorespiration, during low-intensity cycling. An accumulation of fatiguing and damaging exercise increases fat utilisation during low intensity exercise performed as little as 12 h later.

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1 Human Movement

1 Journal of Human Kinetics

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1 Gavin J. P.

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1 Myers S.

1 Semple S.

1 Smith L.

1 Theodorus Willems M. E.

1 Wadee A.

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Complement Proteins (C1est, C4, C6), Circulating Immune Complexes and the Repeated Bout Effect

The Accumulative Effect of Concentric‐Biased and Eccentric‐ Biased Exercise on Cardiorespiratory and Metabolic Responses to Subsequent Low‐Intensity Exercise: A Preliminary Study