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1
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INFLAMMATORY MARKERS AND NEUROPEPTIDES CHARACTERISTIC OF PARKINSON’S DISEASE AND THEIR RESPONSE TO VISUALIZATION AND SUGGESTION BASED MIND-BODY THERAPY

100%
Ostapiuk-Karolczuk J., Kasperska A., Botwina R.
Acta Neuropsychologica
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2017
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vol. 15(4)
443-456
EN
Progress in elucidating neuroimmune connections has created new opportunities for improving the treatment of Parkinson’s disease (PD). In recent years, mind-body therapies have been shown to have positive effects on the immune and nervous systems, but interactions at the molecular level have not been tested. Thus, the main aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of therapy based on visualization and suggestion on the concentrations of IL-6, CRP, DA, BDNF, CoQ10, and TAC in patients with advanced PD. Eight patients with PD and 8 elderly healthy men (control group) were enrolled in the study. The therapy lasted 19 days and consisted of three parts: individual sessions with the therapist, mixed (therapist and audio-file), and self-training (audio-file). Blood samples were taken before training and at the end of each part. The expected changes in the investigated markers was observed during therapy: the serum concentration of IL-6 and CRP decreased, whereas DA and BDNF increased, however, this change was observed only after the first part of intervention when the therapy was conducted by the therapist. In the subsequent stages, the levels returned to the baseline. Noteworthy, after the therapy, we observed a significant increase in the motor and intellectual skills of the PD patients. No such changes were observed in the control group. Mind-body therapy based on visualization and suggestions aimed at changing the concentrations of signaling molecules, which are crucial in the development or treatment of PD, may be an effective element in supporting pharmacological therapy.
2
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Kinetics and specificity of guinea pig liver aldehyde oxidase and bovine milk xanthine oxidase towards substituted benzaldehydes.

86%
Panoutsopoulos G. I., Beedham C.
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vol. 51
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issue 3
649-663
EN
Molybdenum-containing enzymes, aldehyde oxidase and xanthine oxidase, are important in the oxidation of N-heterocyclic xenobiotics. However, the role of these enzymes in the oxidation of drug-derived aldehydes has not been established. The present investigation describes the interaction of eleven structurally related benzaldehydes with guinea pig liver aldehyde oxidase and bovine milk xanthine oxidase, since they have similar substrate specificity to human molybdenum hydroxylases. The compounds under test included mono-hydroxy and mono-methoxy benzaldehydes as well as 3,4-dihydroxy-, 3-hydroxy-4-methoxy-, 4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-, and 3,4-dimethoxy-benzaldehydes. In addition, various amines and catechols were tested with the molybdenum hydroxylases as inhibitors of benzaldehyde oxidation. The kinetic constants have shown that hydroxy-, and methoxy-benzaldehydes are excellent substrates for aldehyde oxidase (Km values 5×10-6 M to 1×10-5 M) with lower affinities for xanthine oxidase (Km values around 10-4 M). Therefore, aldehyde oxidase activity may be a significant factor in the oxidation of the aromatic aldehydes generated from amines and alkyl benzenes during drug metabolism. Compounds with a 3-methoxy group showed relatively high Vmax values with aldehyde oxidase, whereas the presence of a 3-hydroxy group resulted in minimal Vmax values or no reaction. In addition, amines acted as weak inhibitors, whereas catechols had a more pronounced inhibitory effect on the aldehyde oxidase activity. It is therefore possible that aldehyde oxidase may be critical in the oxidation of the analogous phenylacetaldehydes derived from dopamine and noradrenaline.
3
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Regulation of the genes involved in neurotransmission in Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

72%
Cuch B., Polaczek A., Idziak M., Kotuła L., Maciejewski R., Madej-Czerwonka B., Kocki J.
Current Issues in Pharmacy and Medical Sciences
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2015
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vol. 28
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issue 2
115-119
EN
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder is the full name of the disease commonly deemed ADHD. This disease is most frequently diagnosed in childhood, and it affects up to 12 % of all children world-wide. The current clinical criteria (the base for diagnosis) can be found in DSM -V. The core symptoms are divided in three groups: hyperactivity, impulsivity and impaired attention. The aetiology of the disorder is combined, including a wide range of factors, and the genetic, environmental, toxic, perinatal background is taken into account. Because, currently, more and more studies are seeking to explore the heritability of the disorder, the aim of this study is to review the information provided by different research centres which discuss the genetic background of the disease. Herein, we present the results of different studies gathered from the online database. Our findings indicate that the participation of genetic factors within this disorder is supported by family, twin and adoption studies. Indeed, in current literature, researchers estimate that there is a higher risk of developing ADHD among children from families with an ADHD history. Of particular note is that there are some studies indicating particular genes that determine the susceptibility to ADHD. Such studies make mention that most of these genes encode components of the dompaminergic and serotoninergic neurotransmission systems. Researchers in the field, thus, are attempting to link the presence of certain alleles in affected children with their response to treatment. Yet, while ADHD is now considered as being a disorder of genetic background, we cannot indicate a single gene or its mutation that would be crucial in the aetiology and diagnosis. Still, a number of candidate genes have been reported so far.
4
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Charakterystyka behawioralna i farmakologiczna myszy pozbawionych genu kodującego transporter dopaminowy

72%
Biała G.
Postępy Higieny i Medycyny Doświadczalnej
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2004
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vol. 58
EN
Dopamine exerts an important modulatory infl uence on behaviors such as emotions and locomo- tor activity. The dopamine transporter (DAT) reuptakes the released neurotransmitter into presy- naptic terminals. Mice lacking the dopamine transporter (DAT knock-out mice) display marked changes in an dopamine homeostasis that result in an elevated dopaminergic level and locomotor hyperactivity. The interaction of psychostimulating drugs with the DAT is thought to be critical- ly important for many of the actions of these drugs, including the reward and locomotor stimulating effects. The goal of the present paper was to compile recent data concerning the behavio- ral and pharmacological characteristics of DAT knock-out mice, especially the consequences of acute and chronic psychostimulant administration, such as the hypolocomotor response. The rein- forcing potency of amphetamines, cocaine, and morphine maintained in the absence of the DAT may suggest that other neurotransmitter systems in addition to dopamine might contribute to the actions of psychostimulants and opioid agonists. In the absence of the DAT, these drugs could be acting on alternative targets, such as the serotonin or noradrenaline transporters. In summary, mice lacking the dopamine transporter gene may represent an excellent model to elucidate the molecular adaptive changes accompanying the pathological states associated with hyperdopaminergia, such as the attention defi cit hyperactivity disorder in humans.
PL
Dopamina jest jednym z neuroprzekaźników biorących udział w regulacji procesów emocjonal- nych i ruchowych. Transporter dopaminowy (DAT) jest białkiem uczestniczącym w wychwycie zwrotnym dopaminy ze szczeliny synaptycznej do struktur presynaptycznych. Myszy pozbawio- ne genu kodującego białko DAT (myszy DAT knock-out) wykazują wyraźne zmiany homeosta- zy dopaminowej, objawiające się m.in. podwyższonym stężeniem pozakomórkowej dopaminy i znaczną hiperlokomocją w nowym otoczeniu. W pracy przedstawiono krótką charakterystykę behawioralną i farmakologiczną myszy DAT knock-out. Skoro wiadomo, iż DAT jest punktem uchwytu działania środków psychostymulują- cych, zwrócono również szczególną uwagę na skutki działania tych środków, zwłaszcza na ich działanie nagradzające i stymulujące aktywność lokomotoryczną. Część cytowanych wyników badań wskazuje na udział innych, oprócz dopaminowego, transporterów: serotoninowego i nora- drenalinowego w mechanizmie działania środków psychostymulujących. Świadczyć mogą o tym dane opisujące występowanie działań nagradzających (warunkowa preferencja miejsca i samo- podawanie) amfetaminy, kokainy i morfi ny oraz wzrost uwalniania przez te związki dopaminy w jądrze półleżącym przegrody u myszy DAT knock-out, czyli przy całkowitym braku transpor- tera dopaminowego. Myszy DAT knock-out stanowić mogą wiarygodny model nasilonej aktywności układu dopami- nowego, stosowany celem dokładnego opisania molekularnych mechanizmów towarzyszących utrzymującemu się podwyższonemu poziomowi pozakomórkowej dopaminy. Model ten pozwa- la również zrozumieć podłoże wielu schorzeń, związanych z zaburzeniami przekaźnictwa do- paminowego u ludzi, takich jak np. zespół hiperaktywności z upośledzeniem uwagi u dzieci, co umożliwić może zastosowanie właściwej ich farmakoterapii.
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