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CHITOSAN AND META-TOPOLIN SUPPLEMENTATION OF THE MULTIPLICATION MEDIA OF VITIS VINIFERA L.

100%
Krupa-Małkiewicz M., Ochmian I.
Progress on Chemistry and Application of Chitin and its Derivatives
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2023
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vol. 28
46-55
EN
We investigated the efficiency of chitosan (CH) and meta-topolin (mT) on in vitro growth and adaptation to greenhouse conditions of Vitis vinifera cv. Johanniter and cv. Hibernal. After the initiation stage, we transferred explants to Woody Plant Media (WPM) with chitosan (molecular weight 3.33 kDa) at a concentration of 10, 20, and 40 ppm or to WPM with mT at a concentration of 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 mg l–1. WPM without CH or mT served as a control. Among the tested combinations, WPM with 10 ppm of CH led to the maximum mean root length (12.18 cm and 12.65 cm for the Hibernal and Johanniter cultivars, respectively) and the number of new leaves (5.9 and 8.15 for the Hibernal and Johanniter cultivars, respectively). As the CH concentration in the medium increased, the length of shoots and roots decreased. We found the highest percentage of acclimatised plants on WPM (cv. Hibernal) and WPM with 40 ppm of CH (cv. Johanniter). The addition of mT had a negative effect on the morphological traits we measured, regardless of the concentration. Leaves of explants from WPM with mT were yellower and redder compared with the control. None of the explants obtained on this medium produced roots.
2
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The characterization of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), its role in cancerogenesis and cardiovascular system diseases and possibilities of using this cytokine as a molecular marker

88%
Grabarek B., Bednarczyk M., Mazurek U.
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Biologica et Oecologica
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2017
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vol. 13
1-8
PL
Proces zapalny jest bezpośrednio związany z sekrecją cytokin, np. czynnika martwicy nowotworu alfa (ang. Tumor Necrosis Factor alpha; TNF-α). Ta cząsteczka jest 1 z 22 białek należących do rodziny TNF i wydzielana jest głównie przez: makrofagi, monocyty, limfocyty T oraz komórki tuczne. Biologiczne efekty działania TNF-α zachodzą dzięki wiązaniu się tej cytokiny ze specyficznymi dla niej receptorami – TNFR1 i TNFR2. Duża liczba prac potwierdza kluczową rolę TNF-α w nowotworzeniu i chorobach układu sercowo-naczyniowego, będących chorobami o podłożu prozapalnym. Niestety, mimo postępu medycyny i wzrostu świadomości społeczeństwa, wymienione choroby stanowią główne przyczyny śmierci na świecie. Lepsze zrozumienie roli tej cytokiny w kancerogenezie i chorobach zapalnych może spowodować wykorzystanie TNF-α jako markera tych chorób oraz do monitorowania przeciwzapalnych efektów terapii.
EN
The inflammatory process is directly associated with secretion of cytokines, e.g. tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α). This molecule is one of the 22 proteins which belong to TNF family and is secreted mainly by: macrophages, monocytes, T lymphocyte and mast cells. The biological effects of TNF-α is possible through binding this cytokine to specific receptors – TNFR1 and TNFR2. The large number of reports provides that this cytokine plays extremely important role in cancers and cardiovascular disease – two groups of inflammatory diseases. Unfortunately, these diseases are the main cause of death in spite of advances in medicine and increasing public awareness of prevention. It is believed that better understanding both molecular potential of this cytokine and the impact in cancerogenesis and others inflammatory diseases may cause using TNF-α as a molecular marker in these diseases and will make it possible to observe the effects of anti-inflammatory therapy. It will be able to cause a drop in the incidence of these diseases and better monitoring of them.
3
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Bradykinin-related peptides up-regulate the expression of kinin B1 and B2 receptor genes in human promonocytic cell line U937

88%
Guevara-Lora I., Florkowska M., Kozik A.
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issue 3
515-522
EN
Kinins, universal mediators of inflammation, are recognized by two kinds of receptors, B1 and B2, which have been found to be expressed in numerous cell types of several species. However, the knowledge of the regulation of these receptors in leukocytes is still not satisfactory. In the current work, we have demonstrated a constitutive production of B2 receptor mRNA in the human promonocyte U937 cells and its two-fold augmentation after cell differentiation with retinoic acid and phorbol ester. Bradykinin and des-Arg10-kallidin induced the expression of both B2 and B1 receptors in cells before and after differentiation. Generally, the undifferentiated cells were more susceptible to bradykinin-dependent induction of kinin receptors (increases by approximately 250% and 200% for B2 and B1 receptors, respectively). The induction, by approx. 200%, of B1 receptor by des-Arg10-kallidin was detected on both mRNA and protein levels. In addition, an unexpected strong induction of B2 receptor by this compound was observed in the retinoic acid- and phorbol ester-differentiated cells (by 150% and 200%, respectively) that suggests a possible autoregulation of kinin receptors by own agonists during the inflammatory state. On the other hand, a strong enhancement of the expression of both receptors by interleukin 1β, especially in the phorbol ester-differentiated cells, indicates the involvement of kinin receptors in the propagation of the inflammatory processes.
4

Rola wybranych polimorfizmów genów kodujących cytokiny IL-1ß, IL1ra, IL-6 i TNFα w patogenezie porodu przedwczesnego

75%
SERAFIN M., KALINKA J.
Ginekologia i Położnictwo
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2014
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vol. 9
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issue 3
9-23
EN
Inflammation is a known risk factor for preterm delivery (PTD). Infection in pregnant woman is responsible for up to 40% cases of PTD. Intrauterine invasion of germs, chorioamonitis, sepsis, urinary tract infections, malaria, pneumonia are diseases with proven connection with PTD. Hyper- or hypostimulation of immune system in pregnant woman may lead to inappropriate reaction for stimuli (e.g. infection), resulting in ripening of cervix, preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM), uterus contractility and PTD. Interleukines are proteins, which are produced as a response for inflammation. They regulate all processes that help fight infection and provide healing. As other proteins the production of interleukines is regulated by DNA. Changes in DNA like polymorphisms are responsible for e.g. inadequate production of interleukines or production of inactive praticles of protein. Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) is a change in one particular place in DNA chain (called locus) that is defined as a replacement in one of nucleic alkali to another. The interleukine-1 beta (IL-1ß), interleukine-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor alfa (TNFα) are proinflammatory cytokines. Particular polimorphisms in genes that codes these proteins (i.e. IL1B+3953, IL6-174 and TNFA-308 respectively) induce the inadequate production of cytokines resulting in PPROM and PTD. Interleukine-1 receptor antagonist (IL1ra) is antyinflammatory cytokine that bounds competitively with receptor for IL-1ß but gives any biological effect typical for proinflammatory IL-1b. Polymorphism in intron 2 of interleukine-1 receptor antagonist gene (IL1RN) reduces production of IL1ra, which affects balance between IL1ra and IL-1ß and leads to inadequate inflammatory response and PTD.
5
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Interleukin-6 biology is coordinated by membrane bound and soluble receptors.

75%
Rose-John S.
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2003
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vol. 50
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issue 3
603-611
EN
Cytokine receptors exist in membrane bound and soluble form. Both forms bind their ligands with comparable affinity. While most soluble receptors are antagonists in that they compete for the ligands with their membrane counterparts, some soluble receptors are agonists. In this case, the complex of ligand and soluble receptor binds on target cells to a second receptor subunit and initiates signal transduction. Soluble receptors of the IL-6 family of cytokines are agonists. In vivo, the IL-6/soluble IL-6R complex stimulates several types of target cells not stimulated by IL-6 alone, since they do not express the membrane bound IL-6R. This process has been named transsignaling. We have shown that in several chronic inflammatory diseases like chronic inflammatory bowl disease, peritonitis and rheumatoid arthritis, transsignaling via the soluble IL-6R complexed to IL-6 is a crucial point in the transition from the acute to the chronic state of the disease. The mechanism by which the IL-6/ soluble IL-6R complex regulates the inflammatory state is discussed.
6
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Inflammatory mediators of hypertrophic adenoids in children with otitis media with effusion

51%
Leszko K., Latoch E., Żelazowska-Rutkowska B.
Alergia Astma Immunologia - przegląd kliniczny
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2023
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vol. 28
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issue 1
31-34
PL
Migdałek gardłowy wchodząc w skład obwodowych narządów limfatycznych jest miejscem pierwszego kontaktu z antygenami, docierającymi drogą oddechową i pokarmową. Migdałek gardłowy zawiera komórki aktywne immunologiczne niezbędne do odpowiedzi immunologicznej komórkowej oraz humoralnej. Komórki te zajmują trzy główne przedziały limfoidalne: limfonabłonek, grudkowe ośrodki rozmnażania wraz ze strefą osłonową tych ośrodków oraz przestrzeń międzygrudkowa. Wysiękowe zapalenie ucha środkowego (OME) jest częstą chorobą ucha środkowego występującą u dzieci. Jednak etiologia tej choroby nie jest do końca poznana. Reakcje immunologiczna toczące się w obrębie migdałka gardłowego, udział cytokin prozapalnych typu Th1 i Th2, limfocytów T i B oraz metaloproteinaz może prowadzić do przewlekłego zakażenia w obrębie ucha środkowego u dzieci.
EN
Adenoid is lymphoid tissues in the pharynx that play an important role in host defense against invading antigens. The structures of adenoid consist of well-defined microcompartments which all participate in the immune response: the lymphoepithelium, the follicular germinal center, the mantle zone, the interfollicular area. Otitis media with effusion (OME) is a common middle ear disease in children, but etiology of this disease is not clearly understood. Immunologic reaction within adenoid, pro-inflammatory cytokines (Th1 and Th2), decrease of lymphocytes T and B, metaloproteinase may lead to chronic infection.
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