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EN
Introduction.The aim of the study was to determine the age, level of achieving maximum results and growth of reaction time dynamics. Materials and methods. The study included 567 males of age between 7 and 22 years. Study materials included the results of simple reaction time and complex reaction time during progressive period. Conclusions. Progressive period of results' development lasts until the age of about 17-17.5, then stabilization of the analyzed results was observe. The most dynamic growth of all types of reaction time was observed in the analyzed 7 and 8-year-old boys.
EN
The main focus of this study was to identify coordinated motor abilities that affect fighting methods and performance in junior judokas. Subjects were selected for the study in consideration of their age, competition experience, body mass and prior sports level. Subjects' competition history was taken into consideration when analysing the effectiveness of current fight actions, and individual sports level was determined with consideration to rank in the analysed competitions.The study sought to determine the level of coordinated motor abilities of competitors. The scope of this analysis covered the following aspects: kinaesthetic differentiation, movement frequency, simple and selective reaction time (evoked by a visual or auditory stimulus), spatial orientation, visual-motor coordination, rhythmization, speed, accuracy and precision of movements and the ability to adapt movements and balance. A set of computer tests was employed for the analysis of all of the coordination abilities, while balance examinations were based on the Flamingo Balance Test. Finally, all relationships were determined based on the Spearman's rank correlation coefficient. It was observed that the activity of the contestants during the fight correlated with the ability to differentiate movements and speed, accuracy and precision of movement, whereas the achievement level during competition was connected with reaction time.
EN
Purpose. The aim of this case study is to define the involution of simple and complex reaction times in groups of adult men and women. Basic procedure. The tests were carried out during the years 2007-2008 among 128 men and 136 women aged between 21 and 80. Those examined were divided into three groups according to their calendar age. In order to define the meaning of differences of the analyzed reaction time between the results of the three age groups, the analysis of variance (ANOVA) method for independent attempts was used. Additionally, normalized differences between the groups as well as indices of sexual dimorphism were defined. Main findings. Among both men and women, gradual deterioration of reaction time performance with age can be observed. The scale of normalized differences shows that the most distinct differences are noticed between the first and the third group. They amount up to 1.3 of the standard deviation in men and up to 1.7 in women. Conclusions. The results derived from the following study confirm a long period of relative stabilization for all simple and complex reaction times among both genders. Significant involution of reaction times can be observed for all analyzed features only after the age of 55. Indices of sexual dimorphism indicate that men gain better results in all age groups. Indices of sexual dimorphism diminish with age.
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2011
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vol. 19
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issue 2
21-27
EN
The purpose of this study was to determine whether a specially designed exercise program might significantly improve the development of motor coordination abilities in visually impaired children during physical education lessons. Blind and visually impaired boys aged 13-14 years participated in the study. The experimental (E) and the control (C) groups consisted of 9 boys. During each physical education class, a set of specific exercises was applied to develop four motor coordination abilities in the experimental group: space-time orientation, dynamic balance, speed of reaction, frequency of movements. The program was implemented during a 6 months period. Physical education classes enriched with a program to assist the development of motor coordination abilities in boys with visual dysfunction significantly improved space-time orientation and speed of reaction. Changes in balance and frequency of movement were insignificant.
EN
Introduction. The efficient collection and analysis of information from both the central and the peripheral field of vision may affect human coordination motor abilities. An analysis of the literature on the subject suggests that coordination motor abilities interact with one another, and it is only their combined effect that allows athletes to achieve technical mastery. The main aim of the study was to assess specific coordination motor abilities and to determine how visual perception and reaction time correlate with time-movement anticipation in elite female basketball players. Material and methods. The study participants comprised 17 female basketball players from the Polish National Team aged 18.1 ± 0.8 years. The study involved three ability tests from the Vienna Test System: the Reaction Test (RT, S1), the Peripheral Perception test (PP), and the Time/Movement Anticipation test (ZBA, S2). Results. The analysis of the results obtained proves that the best-developed ability in participants is reaction time, while the other abilities show average development. Study participants were able to develop their response abilities to such high levels by means of practice. A correlation coefficient was found between motor time and tracking deviation (r=0.56), and between time anticipation and the number of correct responses to stimuli appearing in the left (r=0.92) and right (r=0.88) field of vision. Athletes who achieved better results in time anticipation omitted fewer visual stimuli (r=0.7) in the peripheral field of vision. Statistically significant correlations were observed between movement anticipation and reaction time to stimuli in the central field of vision (r=0.58). Conclusions. Perception abilities have a significant effect on time anticipation. The range of one's field of vision does not determine the reaction time to a visual stimulus. Perception efficiency and divided attention, in conjunction with time and movement anticipation, create a complex of specific psychomotor abilities that is indispensable for achieving success in team sports.
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