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EN
Pharmacies are acknowledged to have a key role in the provision of health services, including emergency contraceptive services and under the right circumstances could meet the growing expectations for reproductive health education and consultations. Pharmaceutical emergency contraceptive service provided by pharmacists include ensuring the availability of required medicines, correct dispensing, providing comprehensive information, all of which requires not only consultations that are health-oriented and educational, but also providing the patient with an adequately private situation to talk with the pharmacist. Objectives: The aim of the paper is to evaluate pharmaceutical emergency contraceptive services provided in polish pharmacies. Material and methods: The observational study included 60 community pharmacies of different profiles located in Gdansk (Poland). Our method was to use “standardized (simulated) patients”. Results: The study revealed the low availability of emergency contraception in Gdańsk pharmacies. Pharmacy employees provided drug-related information in 51.6% of study’s visits. None of the pharmacies provided patients with educational information on reproductive health. Regarding the respecting of patients’ rights privacy and intimacy, overall, the pharmacies scored 4.41 on a five-point scale. Conclusions: Our study sought to identify both the developed and underdeveloped aspects of a comprehensive emergency contraceptive service. Pharmacy employees in the study provided patients with a narrow range of information on hormonal medications and they failed to include sexual health education in their work. The patient’s right to expect that intimacy and privacy will be respected during their consultation was met to a satisfactory degree.
EN
Education of community pharmacy workers is a very important part of everyday practice, especially in professional counselling (PC) which brings many health benefits for the patients. The aim of the study was to investigate if the community pharmacy specialization has an influence on the scope and quality of counsels given by pharmacy workers during PC scheme implementation in community pharmacies. The research was carried out between May and November 2017. After PC scheme implementation in community pharmacies, an anonymous questionnaire was administered to 245 pharmacy workers in Poznan and Warsaw (241 women, 4 men): 146 pharmacists (143 women, 3 men) and 99 pharmacy technicians (98 women, 1 man). In the conducted study, 14.7% of pharmacists had community pharmacy specialization (according to Polish law). Pharmacists with a community pharmacy specialization referred patients more often to physicians (p<0.0001), as well as after earlier physician consultation (p<0.0001). Furthermore, they often noticed the interaction between drugs in patients’ self-treatment and in the treatment ordered by a physician (p≤0.001). The indication of medication contraindications after a physician consultation was also significantly higher within pharmacists with specialization (p<0.0001). It can be noted that pharmacists with community pharmacy specialization were asked more often for self-treatment consultation and after physician visits (p<0.0001). Development of PC in Polish community pharmacy, especially among pharmacy owners well-educated in community pharmacy specialization, may help to increase safety of pharmacotherapy.
EN
Rising number of chronic diseases worldwide requires improvement of patients’ care system, especially in disease prevention and health promotion. Therefore it is justified to broaden the range of services in community pharmacies in Poland. The aim of this study was to evaluate pharmacists’ opinion about health screenings for chronic diseases in community pharmacies. Research was based on original, anonymous questionnaire administered between July 2016 and March 2017 to pharmacists (n=175; 77.7% women and 22.3% men) practicing in a community pharmacy in Wielkopolska (n=106; 77.4% women and 22.6% men) and Zachodniopomorskie Region (n=69; 78.3% women and 21.7% men). The effect of age and gender on pharmacists’ opinions was evaluated. Among pharmacists who responded, 93.7% agreed that patients don’t have health check-ups when they don’t experience bothersome symptoms of a disease. Almost three fourth of respondents considered implementation of health screening services in pharmacy as valuable as it can have positive influence on development of pharmaceutical care. Younger pharmacists (p=0.019) who collaborate with physicians (p=0.009) were most certain about it. 80,0% of pharmacist, in particular younger one, would offer their patients the screening services (p=0.006). 79,4% pharmacists confirmed that this new service should be reimbursed by National Health Fund. Development of new health screening services in community pharmacies may help to prevent or lower the risk of complications associated with common chronic diseases.
Farmacja Polska
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2020
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vol. 76
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issue 4
203-205
EN
Medical cannabis is a new topic for Polish pharmacists. By now, knowledge about their properties, therapeutic effects or the form of drugs prepared from them was not essential in pharmaceutical practice. Knowledge about the properties of hemp in the form of dried herbs as a pharmaceutical raw material is necessary for the proper preparation of a prescribed drug. Publications and guidelines in the field of applied pharmacy, allow to avoid mistakes and to prepare medicines of adequate quality. The aim of this article was to provide comments on previously published manuscript – “Medical cannabis – compendium of pharmacist’s knowledge”. A number of practical guides were proposed that may be useful for pharmacists preparing drugs from medical cannabis or planning to undertake this task.
PL
Konopie medyczne to nowy temat dla polskich farmaceutów. Do tej pory wiedza na temat ich właściwości, efektów terapeutycznych lub postaci leków z nich przygotowanych nie była niezbędna w praktyce farmaceutycznej. Wiedza o właściwościach konopi w postaci suszu jako surowca farmaceutycznego jest niezbędna do prawidłowego przygotowania przepisanego leku. Publikacje i wytyczne z zakresu farmacji stosowanej pozwalają unikać błędów i przygotowywać leki odpowiedniej jakości. Celem tego artykułu było przedstawienie komentarzy, do wcześniej opublikowanego artykułu „Konopie medyczne – kompendium wiedzy farmaceuty”, zawierającego szereg praktycznych wskazówek, które mogą być przydatne dla farmaceutów przygotowujących leki z suszu konopi medycznych lub planujących podjąć się tego zadania.
EN
Background In addition to community pharmacies, the Internet has become an important source of information about medicines for patients, including medication recalls on the example of drugs containing valsartan. Aim The aim of the study was to verify a hypothesis that the frequency of specific Google searches in Polish increased during the periods of large scale valsartan recalls form the market which occurred between July 1st, 2018 and September 22nd 2019. Such increase would indicate that Google search engine is used by patients as a tool to seek information about withdrawn and recalled drugs. Material and methods Google Trends was used to obtain data on the relative frequency of searches of specific phrases connected to the topic. Four two-week periods, when valsartan formulations were being withdrawn from the Polish market, were identified and Poisson test was used to analyze the relative frequencies between those specified periods and the rest of the analysed timespan. All analyses were performed in R 3.5.3. P-values less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant. The results are reported with 95% CI. Results The relative frequency of searches including the phrase “walsartan wycofany” (eng. valsartran recalled) during the periods of the drug recalls was λ1 = 1,69 [1,56 - 1,83] while outside those periods it equalled λ2 = 0,52 [0,48 - 0,56]. For the second analysed phrase – “dyrektywa fałszywkowa” (ang. Falsified Medicine Directives) the values wereλ1 = 6,33 [6,07 - 6,58] and λ2 = 3,15 [3,06 - 3,25], respectively. In both cases the difference was statistically significant with p < 0,001. Conclusions During the periods of withdrawal and recall from the market of specific formulations containing valsartan and significant increase in the frequency of Google queries connected to the topic was registered. It may indicate that Google search engine, and more generally the Internet, is a significant source of information for Polish patients during periods in which medicinal products are being recalled. To fully appreciate the scope and the nature of the phenomenon, further quantitative and qualitative research is needed.
PL
Przedmiot badań Obok aptek ogólnodostępnych Internet stał się istotnym źródłem informacji na temat leków dla pacjentów, również w obszarze wstrzymania i wycofywania produktów leczniczych z obrotu. Cel badań Celem badania było zweryfikowanie hipotezy badawczej, mówiącej o tym, że częstość wyszukiwania fraz związanych z wycofaniem produktów leczniczych zawierających walsartan („walsartan wycofany”, „dyrektywa fałszywkowa”) w okresie masowego wycofywania walsartanu jest większa niż w pozostałych okresach analizowanego przedziału czasowego, w konsekwencji wykazanie, że wyszukiwarka Google jest wykorzystywane przez pacjentów jako źródło informacji na temat wstrzymanych i wycofanych produktów leczniczych. Materiał i metody Dokonano analizy na podstawie danych uzyskanych z narzędzia Google Trends. Celem udzielenia odpowiedzi na postawione pytania badawcze przeprowadzono analizy statystyczne przy użyciu oprogramowania R 3.5.3. Przeprowadzono analizę z wykorzystaniem testu Poissona. Za próg istotności uznano α = 0,05. Wyniki W przypadku frazy „walsartan wycofany” zaobserwowano częstość wyszukiwania w okresie wycofywania walsartanu na poziomie λ1 = 1,69 [1,56 - 1,83], zaś w pozostałym okresie λ2 = 0,52 [0,48 - 0,56]. W przypadku frazy „dyrektywa fałszywkowa” zaobserwowano częstość wyszukiwania w okresie wycofywania walsartanu na poziomie λ1 = 6,33 [6,07 - 6,58], zaś w pozostałym okresie λ2 = 3,15 [3,06 - 3,25]. Różnica pomiędzy obiema wartościami okazała się istotna statystycznie: p < 0,001. Wnioski W okresach wycofywania i wstrzymania w obrocie produktów leczniczych zawierających walsartan zaobserwowano istotnie częstsze wyszukiwanie fraz „walsartan wycofany” oraz „dyrektywa fałszywkowa” w porównaniu do pozostałego okresu w analizowanym przedziale czasowym. Może to świadczyć o tym, że wyszukiwarka Google (Internet) jest źródłem informacji o wycofanych i wstrzymanych lekach dla pacjentów w Polsce.
EN
The below article is a review regarding sociological and factual context of the implementation of Falsified Medicine Directive with a particular focus on Poland. In order to clarify the subject, a brief description of the phenomenon of falsified and counterfeit medicines, including an attempt at definition and disambiguation of those terms, is given. Further, the authors briefly describe the circumstances and effects of the implementation of the said directive in Poland. This includes outline of the solutions required and forced by the European and Polish law (serialization, anti-tempering devices, and personnel training) as well as practical information (and scientific background) on how provisions of the Directive are fulfilled in the setting of Polish community pharmacies and medicine wholesalers and which agents are responsible for the process of integration of the Directive into Polish law and reality. The presentation of the prevalence and extent of the phenomenon of falsified and counterfeit medicines in Poland and around the world includes mention of the most notable cases in the field along with research conducted and countermeasures undertook to tackle the issue. The part dedicated to review of the sociological context gives overview of the most notable of the very few research published in the field, both by Polish and foreign authors. Referenced articles describe awareness of the issue of counterfeit medicines among medical professionals and the general public. Investigated studies are immersed almost solely in the quantitative approach (authorial questionnaire used in cross-sectional studies) with a limited number of studies based on a qualitative approach, which constitutes an important gap in current knowledge. The authors conclude that counterfeit medicines pose an ever-growing threat to public health on both local and global level, that international cooperation and legislature dedicated to unification of laws aimed at counterfeit medicines, as exemplified by the said Directive, is an effective approach to the issue and that the current state of research does not allow for full understanding of patients’ perspective on the topic falsified medicines.
PL
Poniższy artykuł przeglądowy ma na celu przybliżenie okoliczności oraz przebiegu wdrożenia tzw. Dyrektywy „fałszywkowej” (Dyrektywy 2011/62/EU Parlamentu Europejskiego i Rady Europy z dn. 8.06.2011). Autorzy podejmują w nim próbę definicji i ujednolicenia centralnego dla tego aktu pojęcia: „lek sfałszowany” (ang. falsfied medicine/ counterfeit medicines) by następnie dokonać opisu procesu implementacji ww. Dyrektywy w polskich realiach. Nowe ramy prawne w istotny sposób zmieniły łańcuch dystrybucji produktami leczniczymi, w tym nałożyły nowe obowiązki na pracowników aptek ogólnodostępnych i szpitalnych. Zatem, w kolejnych akapitach zostają opisane rozwiązania zastosowane na poziomie aptek ogólnodostępnych oraz hurtowni leków mające na celu wypełnienia zapisów dyrektywy (m.in. serializacja, anti-tempering devices) wraz z krótkim komentarzem na temat ich walidacji oraz uzasadnienia dla ich stosowania. Kontekst społeczno-historyczny oraz rozpowszechnienie zjawiska leków sfałszowanych zostaje opisany w trzech częściach – opis skali zjawiska i ważniejszych przykładów w Polsce, opis skali zjawiska wraz z odniesieniami do najważniejszych opisów przypadków na świecie, oraz kontekstu socjologicznego z krótkim przeglądem dorobku naukowego poświęconego temu zjawisku, w większości badań opartych na podejściu ilościowym. Autorzy konkludują, że zjawisko sfałszowanych produktów leczniczych jest ważnym wyzwaniem dla zdrowia publicznego, zarówno na poziomie lokalnym jak i światowym i że międzynarodowe wysiłki legislacyjne, takie jak ww. Dyrektywa są efektywnym sposobem na walkę z nim.Weryfikacja autentyczności produktów leczniczych wpisuje się w rolę apteki jako placówki ochrony zdrowia publicznego, a sama czynność serializacji może być wpisana do szeroko rozumianego katalogu usług zwanych opieką farmaceutyczną. Co więcej, zwracają oni uwagę na niewielką ilość dostępnych opracowań naukowych i potrzebę przeprowadzania badań jakościowych celem dogłębnego zrozumienia istoty zjawiska.
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