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EN
In this paper we consider diurnal and annual course of general cloudiness and appearance of the cloud species in Toruń for the period 1986-1995. The material comes from the synoptic station at Toruń from hourly observations. The investigation has shown that the mean cloudiness for that period equals 6.4. The maximum cloudiness has been observed in November and December (7.6), the minimum one in May (5.4). The most frequently occuring cloud species in Toruń were Sc, Cu, Ac and the most rarely: Cc, Cs, As. In the warm season the domined species were: Cu, Ci, Cs and Sc while in the cold one: Sc, St, Ns and Ac.
PL
Artykuł zawiera wyniki badań wpływu sytuacji synoptycznych na zachmurzenie. źr~em danych były dobowe obserwacje wykonywane na stacji naukowej zakładu Klimatologii IG UJ w Krakowie w latach 1971-1995 oraz Kalendarz sytuacji synoptycznych ... wg T. Niedźwiedzia. Zaprezentowana metoda pokazuje rolę warunków lokalnych w kształtowaniu stosunków nefologicznych, widoczną w przewadze konwekcji nad cyrkulacją w ciepłej połowie roku. Jest ona przydatna przy określaniu częstości występowania rodzajów chmur w określonych typach cyrkulacji i w analizie układów chmur charakterystycznych dla poszczególnych sytuacji synoptycznych.
EN
The paper introduces a more elaborate study of the influence of synoptic situations on cloud cover. The source of data were daily observations made at the meteorological station of the Department of Oimatology of IG UJ in Kraków from 1971 to 1995 and the calendar of synoptic situations by T. Niedźwiedź. The presented method shows the role of local conditions in creating nephological relations (visible in domination of convection over circulation in the warm season), it is useful in determining the probability of occurrence of a given cloud at a particular circulation and in analysing cloud patterns characteristic for different synoptic situations.
EN
The study presents the characteristic of annual, seasonal and diurnal course of cloudiness in Poland in 2001–2016. The analysis was performed on 28 meteorological stations (IMGW-PIB); the data came from threefold climatological observations. Based on the data, the average course of annual, seasonal and diurnal cloud cover, maximum and minimum values were estimated. Moreover, the average number of characteristic nephological days during the year was calculated. The analysis confirmed a decrease in cloudiness in the spring and in the summer accompanied by an increase in the autumn and in the winter season. Furthermore, in the summer the values of diurnal cloud variation were higher in the summer than in the winter. August was the least cloudy month (56%) while December proved most cloudy (79%). During the entire period in question, the Pomeranian Lakeland was most clouded while the Szczecin Shore Zone proved the least cloudy.
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