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Background: Bacterial biofilms have been linked to recurrent adenotonsillar diseases, with special concern regarding therapeutic management hindered by antibiotic resistance. Aims: we aimed to find if there was a relationship between the presence of a bacterial biofilm and the development of cervical lymphadenopthy, tonsillar hypertrophy and adenoid hypertrophy in patients with chronic tonsillitis. Patients and Methods: Tissue samples from tonsillar biopsies of 30 children who underwent tonsillectomy were examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Settings and Design: This cross-sectional study was conducted between August 2012 and July 2015 in Al-Azhar University Hospitals. Results: It was found that 23.3% of children had a fully formed bacterial biofilm (Grade III), 6.7% had grade I and 6.7% had grade II biofilms as demonstrated by SEM. Staphylococcus aureus was the most common identified isolate (26%) followed by Coagulase-negative Staphylococci (17.4%) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (10.4%). No statistically significant difference regarding the presence of a bacterial biofilm and the development of cervical lymphadenopthy, tonsillar hypertrophy or adenoid hypertrophy was found. Conclusion: Bacterial biofilm is a possible cause of the chronicity of tonsillar diseases in children. There is no relationship between the presence of a bacterial biofilm and the development of of cervical lymphadenopthy, tonsillar hypertrophy or adenoid hypertrophy.
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Tonsillectomy in own material

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Introduction: Tonsillectomy belongs to the most frequently performed surgical treatments; however, the necessity of its performance is questioned. Therefore, there are many attempts to unify and define the indications for the procedure. Aim: The main objective of the current dissertation was an analysis of the clinical symptoms occurring in patients qualified for tonsillectomy, as well as a comparison of those with a histopathological image of the removed tonsils in a repeatedly carried out, unified pathomorphological examination. The secondary objective was the designation of the demographic profile, existing comorbidities, and complications in the form of postoperative bleeding in patients after tonsillectomy in own material. Material and method: A retrospective analysis of 301 procedures of palatine tonsil removal was performed, which were completed in the years 2017–2019 at the Department of Otolaryngology with Division of Cranio-Maxillo-Facial Surgery of the Military Institute of Medicine, Warsaw, Poland. The indications were defined on the grounds of data from the anamnesis. Based on unified criteria, the removed material was divided into 2 groups: with the signs of Chronic Tonsillitis (CT) as well as Tonsillar Hyperthrophy (TH). Results: The average size of tonsils was the greatest in a group of patients under 35 years of age, and smallest in the group over 51 years of age. As patients aged, the reduction in size of the palatal tonsils was observed. In the examined group, the histopathological diagnosis in the form of HT was found in 165 patients (54.8%), while CT in 136 (45.2%). It was proven that the larger the tonsils in the clinical picture, the more often the histopathological image responded to HT. Among clinical symptoms reported by patients qualified for tonsillectomy, the following were observed: recurring tonsil inflammation in 211 (70.1%), snoring and sleep apnea in 47 (15.6%), as well as sleep apnea in 33 (11%) patients. Primary bleeding occurred in 10 patients (3.34%), and secondary in 8 patients (2.66%). The most common comorbidities were cardiovascular burdens. Conclusions: For most cases, clinical symptoms were confirmed by adequate features of removed material in histopathological examination. The most common histopathological diagnosis was tonsillar hyperthrophy.
3
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Tonsillectomy in own material

100%
EN
Introduction: Tonsillectomy belongs to the most frequently performed surgical treatments; however, the necessity of its performance is questioned. Therefore, there are many attempts to unify and define the indications for the procedure. Aim: The main objective of the current dissertation was an analysis of the clinical symptoms occurring in patients qualified for tonsillectomy, as well as a comparison of those with a histopathological image of the removed tonsils in a repeatedly carried out, unified pathomorphological examination. The secondary objective was the designation of the demographic profile, existing comorbidities, and complications in the form of postoperative bleeding in patients after tonsillectomy in own material. Material and method: A retrospective analysis of 301 procedures of palatine tonsil removal was performed, which were completed in the years 2017–2019 at the Department of Otolaryngology with Division of Cranio-Maxillo-Facial Surgery of the Military Institute of Medicine, Warsaw, Poland. The indications were defined on the grounds of data from the anamnesis. Based on unified criteria, the removed material was divided into 2 groups: with the signs of Chronic Tonsillitis (CT) as well as Tonsillar Hyperthrophy (TH). Results: The average size of tonsils was the greatest in a group of patients under 35 years of age, and smallest in the group over 51 years of age. As patients aged, the reduction in size of the palatal tonsils was observed. In the examined group, the histopathological diagnosis in the form of HT was found in 165 patients (54.8%), while CT in 136 (45.2%). It was proven that the larger the tonsils in the clinical picture, the more often the histopathological image responded to HT. Among clinical symptoms reported by patients qualified for tonsillectomy, the following were observed: recurring tonsil inflammation in 211 (70.1%), snoring and sleep apnea in 47 (15.6%), as well as sleep apnea in 33 (11%) patients. Primary bleeding occurred in 10 patients (3.34%), and secondary in 8 patients (2.66%). The most common comorbidities were cardiovascular burdens. Conclusions: For most cases, clinical symptoms were confirmed by adequate features of removed material in histopathological examination. The most common histopathological diagnosis was tonsillar hyperthrophy.
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