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EN
Introduction. Cough is the most common symptom of respiratory diseases. It has a significant impact on the quality of life of patients. Aim. Examination and comparison of cough intensity, symptoms associated with cough, head and neck muscle’s tonus, breathing type and maximum phonation time in patients with chronic cough before and after speech therapy. Material and methods. The study comprised 10 patients, including 8 women and 2 men from 30 to 73 years of age. All participants completed The Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), Reflux Symptoms Index (RSI), Voice Tract Discomfort (VTD), Voice Handicap Index (VHI). Additionally, the breathing track, muscle tension within the head and neck, maximum time of phonation were evaluated. Results. The results Visual Analogue Scale, Voice Handicap Index and the maximum phonation time after speech therapy were statistically significant (p <0.05) lower compared to the pre-therapy results. Not all results of the Reflux Symptoms Index and Voice Tract Discomfort were consistent with the normal distribution (p> 0.05) Conclusions. Speech therapy therapy has a significant impact on the severity of chronic cough, symptoms associated with cough, the normalization of head muscle tension, improvement of the breathing track and the elongation of the maximum time of phonation. It is the future direction in the therapy of patients with chronic cough.
EN
Aim: The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of dysphagia in patients with chronic cough. Material and methods: Thirty-four consecutive patients. All patients underwent physical examination, ENT assessment, functional phoniatric assessment at rest and speech, Water-Swallow Test (WST), and Fiberoptic Endoscopic Evaluation of Swallowing Disorders (FEES). Furthermore, Reflux Symptom Index (RSI) and Eating Assessment Tool 10 (EAT 10) questionnaires were performed. Results: Results of the RSI and EAT 10 questionnaires showed the risk of reflux and dysphagia in participating patients. WST positive results increase with water volume. Patients presented episodes of spillage, double swallows, penetration, aspiration and residue of food at the hypopharynx. Functional examination showed decrease of laryngeal elevation (33%) and hypertension of external laryngeal muscles. Conclusions: Results of the study showed prevalence of dysphagia in most patients with chronic chough. It seems that phoniatric assessment in those cases should be expanded and FEES examination should comprise an important part.
EN
Cough is the most common symptom of the upper and lower airway diseases. In its nature, cough is a defence re-flex mechanism of the respiratory tract that is used to clear the upper and lower airways. Chronic cough, defined as cough lasting for more than 8 weeks, is reported in 3–40% of the general population and has an important impact on patients’ quality of life, by causing anxiety, physical discomfort, social isolation and personal emabarrassment, be-ing an often medical complaint and one of the most common reasons for outpatient visits. Upper airway cough syn-drome, asthma, eosinophilic bronchitis and gastroesophageal reflux diseases account for most chronic cough after excluding somking, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor use and chronic bronchitis. Many patients have more than one reason for chronic cough. Some complex diagnostic procedures, in many individuals are necessary to rec-ognized the cause/causes of chronic cough and to establish the accurate diagnosis, which implies a higher chance of effective treatment. Despite detailed diagnostic procedures, in many cases, the efficacy of chronic cough treatment is questionable and ambiguous. We observe not always satisfactory response to therapy. There are some coughs that seem refractory despite an extensive work-up. The possibility of hypersenitive cough reflex response, defining pa-tients with Cough Hypersensitivity Syndrome has been proposed to explain these cases, rather resistant to cough treatment, previously known as idioapthic cough or refractory, unexplained cough. The concept of Cough Hypersen-sitivity Syndrome helps us to understand the mechanisms underlying cough and provides better therapeutic options to treat chronic cough, like neuromodulating drugs, and speech therapy.
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EN
Chronic cough affects about 4–10% of adults and has a negative impact on the patients’ quality of life. Chronic cough may be a symptom of many different diseases and its management should be based on treating the underlying cause. The most common cough cause in adults is chronic bronchitis due to smoking. Next, in non-smoking adults upper airway cough syndrome, gastroesophageal reflux and asthma account for the majority of cough reasons. Despite thorough diagnostics and management in 5–10% adults management of chronic cough is unsuccessful. In difficult-to-treat cough neuromodulators and speech therapy may be effective.
EN
A retrospective analysis of medical data of 157 children, suspected for pertussis, aged from 1 month to 17 years, hospitalised in Paediatric, Nephrology and Allergology Clinic, Military Institute of Medicine from January 2009 to March 2013 was undertaken. Information concerning age, sex, duration of cough, presented symptoms and laboratory tests results were analysed. Statistical analysis was performed using standard statistical software (Statistica PL). The significance level was set as p<0.05. Pertussis, as a reason of cough, was found in 31 cases. Statistical analysis showed no significant differences between patients with acute and chronic cough, as far as a frequency of pertussis infection is concerned. Gender was not associated with the pertussis infection (p>0.05). Occurrence of cough and apnea was strongly associated with positive pertussis serologic laboratory tests. The statistical significance between low amount of white blood cells and low Biernacki’s test rate and positive pertussis serologic laboratory tests was found. This finding does not fit to a classical course of disease. The reason of this discrepancy may be a fact, that in analyzed group only two children werenot vaccinated (under the age of 2 months). The classical course of disease is observed only among unvaccinated patients. Among children diagnosed due to recurrent respiratory tract infections 8.3% had positive pertussis serologic laboratory tests.
PL
Analizie retrospektywnej poddano dokumentację medyczną 157 dzieci w wieku od 1. miesiąca do 17 lat hospitalizowanych w Klinice Pediatrii, Nefrologii i Alergologii Dziecięcej Wojskowego Instytutu Medycznego w okresie od stycznia 2009 do marca 2013 roku, u których wysunięto podejrzenie krztuśca. Analizowano informacje dotyczące wieku, płci, czasu trwania kaszlu, prezentowanych objawów przed przyjęciem i w chwili przyjęcia do Kliniki oraz wyników badań laboratoryjnych. Do analizy statystycznej wyników wykorzystano program Statistica PL, przyjmując poziom istotności p<0,05. Krztusiec jako przyczynę kaszlu potwierdzono u 31 badanych pacjentów. Nie stwierdzono istotnej statystycznie różnicy w częstości wykrywania zakażenia krztuścem u dzieci z kaszlem ostrym i przewlekłym. Nie wykazano różnicy w częstości występowania krztuśca pomiędzy dziewczynkami i chłopcami. Znaleziono istotną statystycznie zależność pomiędzy występowaniem kaszlu i bezdechów a laboratoryjnym potwierdzeniem krztuśca. Wykazano również istotną statystycznie zależność pomiędzy niższymi wartościami liczby leukocytów (WBC) oraz odczynu Biernackiego (OB) a rozpoznaniem krztuśca, co nie pokrywa się z klasycznym obrazem choroby. Niezgodność ta może wynikać z faktu, iż w badanej grupie znalazło się tylko dwoje dzieci niezaszczepionych przeciwko krztuścowi (dzieci poniżej 2. miesiąca życia), a tylko u osób nieszczepionych możemy obserwować klasyczny, pełnoobjawowy przebieg choroby. W grupie dzieci diagnozowanych z powodu nawracających zakażeń układu oddechowego stwierdzono zakażenie krztuścem u 8,3%.
EN
The foreign body aspiration (FBA) is a common cause of parents arriving with their children at the Paediatric Emergency Department. In the majority of cases, the problem affects children between 1‑3 years of age and it is less common in newborn babies and school children. The most important factor for diagnosis is the positive history of aspiration. Clinical symptoms, such as sudden onset of cough, wheezing and unilateral diminished breath sounds, occur uncommonly that is why imaging studies should be always taken. However, 30% of chest radiographs show normal findings. Virtual bronchoscopy (VB) may help to determine the presence and exact localization of the foreign body and may reduce the number of unnecessary rigid bronchoscopies. Rapid diagnosis can minimize dangerous respiratory complications. The authors present 3 cases. The first case is a 6‑year‑old girl with suspected FBA because of persistent inflammatory changes of the pulmonary parenchyma and with no improvement in the clinical and radiological symptoms despite intensive treatment. The second case is a 6‑month‑old infant with pneumonia and present history of aspiration. The physical examination revealed decreased breath sounds unilaterally, wheezing and abnormalities typical for FBA in the chest X‑ray. The third case is an 11‑year‑old boy with asthma exacerbation unresponsive to intensive treatment and positive medical history of FBA. In all patients CT lung images with vascular contrast were performed. No foreign body was found with VB in 2 patients (case first and second), in 1 patient there was no suspicion of foreign body (case third).
PL
Aspiracja ciała obcego jest częstą przyczyną zgłaszania się rodziców z dziećmi do pediatrycznej izby przyjęć. Dotyczy to szczególnie dzieci do 3. roku życia. Kluczowe jest dokładne zebranie wywiadu, z którego można wysunąć podejrzenie aspiracji. Charakterystyczne nagłe wystąpienie kaszlu, świstów i jednostronnego ściszenia szmerów oddechowych występuje rzadko, stąd potrzeba poszerzenia diagnostyki o badania obrazowe. Aż w 30% przypadków nie stwierdza się zmian radiologicznych w klasycznym RTG klatki piersiowej. Wirtualna bronchoskopia może pomóc w ustaleniu dokładnego umiejscowienia ciała obcego oraz pozwala zmniejszyć liczbę niepotrzebnych zabiegów z użyciem sztywnego bronchoskopu. Dzięki szybkiemu postawieniu diagnozy można uniknąć niebezpiecznych powikłań. W artykule przedstawiono opis przypadku 6‑letniej dziewczynki, u której podejrzewano obecność ciała obcego w oskrzelach ze względu na utrzymywanie się, pomimo leczenia, zmian zapalnych w płucach w tej samej lokalizacji, a także brak poprawy obrazu radiologicznego oraz klinicznego. Drugi przypadek opisuje 6‑miesięczne niemowlę z objawami zapalenia płuc, u którego w wywiadzie stwierdzono możliwość aspiracji ciała obcego oraz typowe objawy aspiracji: asymetria szmeru pęcherzykowego, jednostronne świsty nad polami płucnymi oraz zmiany sugerujące obecność ciała obcego w badaniu radiologicznym klatki piersiowej. Trzeci przypadek dotyczy 11‑letniego chłopca przyjętego z rozpoznaniem zaostrzenia astmy, u którego wywiad w kierunku aspiracji ciała obcego był pozytywny i u którego, pomimo intensywnego leczenia, nie uzyskano poprawy stanu klinicznego. U wszystkich dzieci w procesie diagnostycznym wykorzystano tomografię komputerową płuc z kontrastem naczyniowym. U dwojga dzieci (przypadek 1. i 2.) wirtualna bronchoskopia wykluczyła obecność ciała obcego w drzewie oskrzelowym, w jednym (przypadek 3.) potwierdziła.
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