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vol. 34
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issue 3
387-392
EN
Binary vapour-liquid equilibrium of thymoquinone and carbon dioxide at the isothermal conditions was carried out at temperature 323.15 K and pressures from 6 to 10 MPa. The experimental data were fitted to the Soave-Redlich-Kwong equation of state. Results could be used for selection of process parameters in separation of volatiles from raw oil or for evaluation of existing separation technologies.
EN
Three commercially available intercooled compression strategies for compressing CO2 were studied. All of the compression concepts required a final delivery pressure of 153 bar at the inlet to the pipeline. Then, simulations were used to determine the maximum safe pipeline distance to subsequent booster stations as a function of inlet pressure, environmental temperature, thickness of the thermal insulation and ground level heat flux conditions. The results show that subcooled liquid transport increases energy efficiency and minimises the cost of CO2 transport over long distances under heat transfer conditions. The study also found that the thermal insulation layer should not be laid on the external surface of the pipe in atmospheric conditions in Poland. The most important problems from the environmental protection point of view are rigorous and robust hazard identification which indirectly affects CO2 transportation. This paper analyses ways of reducing transport risk by means of safety valves.
EN
Measurements of the absorption rate of carbon dioxide into aqueous solutions of N-methyldiethanoloamine (MDEA) and 2-ethylaminoethanol (EAE) have been carried out. On this basis a mathematical model of the performance of an absorption column operated with aqueous solution of a blend of the above amines at elevated temperatures and pressures have been proposed. The results of simulations obtained by means of this model are described. The work is a part of a wider program, aimed at the development of a new process.
EN
The process of carbon dioxide removal from monoethanolamine (MEA) - water solution was investigated on Poly Di Methyl Siloxane (PDMS) hydrophobic tubular membrane with a ceramic support. The effects of feed temperature, liquid flow rate and MEA concentration on CO2 mass transfer and selectivity were examined and found to be with a reasonable deviation (±25%) with predictions based on the multilayer film model. The membrane resistance was evaluated in separate experiments. The measured CO2 mass fluxes (0.17-0.45 kg/(m2h)) were found to be independent of the MEA concentration in the feed.
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vol. 34
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issue 2
269-282
EN
The paper deals with numerical modelling of carbon dioxide capture by amine solvent from flue gases in post-combustion technology. A complex flow system including a countercurrent two-phase flow in a porous region, chemical reaction and heat transfer is considered to resolve CO2 absorption. In order to approach the hydrodynamics of the process a two-fluid Eulerian model was applied. At the present stage of model development only the first part of the cycle, i.e. CO2 absorption was included. A series of parametric simulations has shown that carbon dioxide capture efficiency is mostly influenced by the ratio of liquid (aqueous amine solution) to gas (flue gases) mass fluxes. Good consistency of numerical results with experimental data acquired at a small-scale laboratory CO2 capture installation (at the Institute for Chemical Processing of Coal, Zabrze, Poland) has proved the reliability of the model.
EN
The improved one-pot synthesis of dimethyl carbonate and propylene glycol from propylene oxide, supercritical carbon dioxide, and methanol with potassium bicarbonate as the catalyst has been reported in this paper. As far as we know, it is the first time to use potassium bicarbonate only as the catalyst in the production process which is simple and cheap. Satisfactory conversion rate of propylene oxide and yield of the products could be achieved at the optimized conditions with quite a small amount of by-products. Our new method offers an attractive choice for the production of dimethyl carbonate in large-scale industry efficiently and environmental friendly.
EN
The condition and quality of atmospheric air plays a very important role in the life of every living organism, including man. Every day we breathe atmospheric air containing CO2 whose level changes depending both on many external factors and physicochemical processes. The concentration of carbon dioxide in the air changes, among other things, due to the influence of communication routes which may adversely affect the environment. For this reason it is necessary to analyze changes in CO2 concentrations and try to determine their impact on the functioning of users of the area (so, one can observe and analyze seasonal impact of communication routes on separate sub-areas of research).
EN
Carbon dioxide can affect on human mood and working conditions in closed area. Knowledge about the level of air pollutants concentration in the room, should be a guideline to design a properly working ventilation system. For years carbon dioxide, appearing during human breathing, was not taken into consideration as a factor determining the process of ventilation systems design. At present the assessment of air quality in closed rooms is performed on the basis of measurement of concentration of carbon dioxide metabolically produced by humans that can be referred to the so-called hygienic minimum, eg the upper limit of CO2 concentration equal to 1000 ppm (0.1%).
PL
Ditlenek węgla może znacząco wpływać na samopoczucie oraz jakość pracy osób przebywających w pomieszczeniach zamkniętych. Znajomość poziomu koncentracji zanieczyszczeń powietrza w danym pomieszczeniu powinna być wytyczną do projektowania właściwie funkcjonującego systemu wentylacyjnego. Przez wiele lat ditlenek węgla, powstający w trakcie oddychania człowieka, nie był uwzględniany jako czynnik determinujący proces projektowania systemów wentylacyjnych. Obecnie ocenę jakości powietrza w pomieszczeniach zamkniętych wykonuje się w oparciu o pomiar stężenia ditlenku węgla wytwarzanego metabolicznie przez człowieka, który można odnieść do tzw. minimum higienicznego, czyli górnej granicy stężenia CO2 równej 1000 ppm (0,1%).
EN
Climate change due to enhanced greenhouse effect arising as a result of human activities is considered a major global environmental threat to mankind. This study experimentally investigates and determines the heat flow in and out of the earth surface, and the impact of greenhouse effect on the heat transfer. A high voltage electric bulb was placed between two bottles; an empty bottle containing only air and the other bottle containing a mixture of baking soda and vinegar, evolving CO2. We observed that the vinegar and baking soda in the filled bottle reacted and produced carbon dioxide (CO2). This CO2 absorbs and retains more heat from the high voltage bulb than the empty bottle of normal air. We also observed that visible light passes through the glass and is absorbed by darker surfaces inside. The demonstration of this study proves that greenhouse gases like CO2 is one of major greenhouse gases that are responsible for global warming by trapping heat thereby giving a rapid rise in temperature over time because of the concomitant lower heat loss to its environment.
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