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Ultrasonographic criteria of cesarean scar defect evaluation

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Woźniak A., Pyra K., Rio Tinto H., Woźniak S.

Journal of Ultrasonography

2018

vol. 18

issue 73

162-165

Cesarean sections account for approximately 20% of all deliveries worldwide. In Poland, the percentage of women delivering by cesarean section amounts to over 43%. According to studies, the prevalence of cesarean scar defects ranges from 24–70%. Due to the overall cesarean section rate, this is a medical problem affecting a large population of women. In such cases, ultrasonographic evaluation of a cesarean scar reveals a hypoechoic space filled with postmenstrual blood, representing a myometrial tear at the wound site. Such an ultrasound appearance is referred to as a niche, and it forms after a cesarean section at the site of the hysterotomy of the anterior uterine wall, most commonly within the uterine isthmus. Currently, the exact cause of niche formation remains unexplained, yet the risk factors for its development are universally acknowledged. They include the site of hysterotomy, multiple previous cesarean section deliveries, suturing technique and maternal diabetes or smoking. Ultrasound evaluation of the cesarean section scar is an important element of obstetric and gynecologic practice, especially in the case of further pregnancies. It facilitates an early diagnosis of a cesarean scar ectopic pregnancy, and the prediction of the risk for perinatal dehiscence in the case of a vaginal birth after a cesarean section.

Około 20% porodów na świecie odbywa się przez cesarskie cięcie. W Polsce odsetek kobiet rodzących tą metodą sięga ponad 43%. Badania dowodzą, że nieprawidłowości w obrębie blizny po cięciu cesarskim występują z częstością 24–70%. Z uwagi na całkowitą liczbę cięć cesarskich problem nieprawidłowego tworzenia się blizny po tym zabiegu przybiera ogromną skalę. Podczas badania ultrasonograficznego widoczna jest hipoechogeniczna przestrzeń wypełniona krwią pomenstruacyjną, odzwierciedlająca przerwanie myometrium w miejscu uprzedniego cięcia cesarskiego. Obraz ten nazywany jest niszą. Formuje się ona po cięciu cesarskim w miejscu histerotomii przedniej ściany macicy, najczęściej w obrębie cieśni macicy. Nie jest obecnie znana dokładna przyczyna występowania niszy, wiadomo jednak, jakie czynniki mają wpływ na jej powstawanie. Najważniejsze z nich to: miejsce wykonania histerotomii, liczba cięć cesarskich, technika szycia oraz czynniki zależne od samej pacjentki, takie jak cukrzyca czy palenie tytoniu. Ultrasonograficzna ocena blizny po cięciu cesarskim jest istotna w praktyce ginekologiczno-położniczej, szczególnie w przypadku ciąży. Daje możliwość wczesnej diagnostyki ciąży w bliźnie po cięciu cesarskim, a w przypadku planowanego porodu siłami natury umożliwia predykcję ryzyka okołoporodowego rozejścia się blizny po cięciu cesarskim.

Surgical Treatment Results In Gastroschisis Based On Preterm Delivery Within The 34thWeek Of Gestation By Caesarean Section

100%

Krause H., Hass H.-J., Böttger R., Gerloff C., Rissmann A., Meyer F.

Polish Journal of Surgery

2015

vol. 87

issue 7

346-356

The aim of the study was to assess the value of the today’s appropriate approach, preterm delivery in the 34th week of gestation by Caesarean section and subsequent surgical intervention at the perinatal center, in daily practice of pediatric surgery with regard to early postoperative and mid-term outcome. Material and methods. Over the time period of 9 years, all consecutive cases diagnosed with gastroschisis at the perinatal center, University Hospital of Magdeburg, were born by Caesarean section within the 34th week of gestation followed by surgical intervention. The registered data were compared with those published by other groups. Results. Overall, there were 19 cases through the investigation period from 01/01/2006 to 12/31/2014. The mean duration of gestation was 237.9 days. The mean birth weight was 2,276 g. In all individuals, a primary closure with no artificial material was achieved. The duration of postoperative artificial respiration was 2.3 days. Oral uptake could be initiated on the 10th postoperative day on average. The mean hospital stay was 37 days. There was no lethality. As complications, postoperative (iv catheterassociated) sepsis occurred in one case and relaparotomy became necessary in a further case because of no possible completion of enteral nutrition by 20 days after primary closure (complication and relaparotomy rate, 10.5% and 5.26%, respectively). Conclusions. The data indicate that in case of gastroschisis, primary closure can be more frequently achieved by section within the 34th week of gestation. Under the prediction of an optimal neonatological care, the risks of a preterm delivery by a planned section appear to be manageable.

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1 Journal of Ultrasonography

1 Polish Journal of Surgery

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1 Böttger R.

1 Gerloff C.

1 Hass H.-J.

1 Krause H.

1 Meyer F.

1 Pyra K.

1 Rio Tinto H.

1 Rissmann A.

1 Woźniak A.

1 Woźniak S.

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Ultrasonographic criteria of cesarean scar defect evaluation

Surgical Treatment Results In Gastroschisis Based On Preterm Delivery Within The 34thWeek Of Gestation By Caesarean Section