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EN
In order to understand better the role of the human Tip60 complex component Gas41, we analysed its expression levels in brain tumours and searched for possible interactors. Two-hybrid screening of a human foetal brain library allowed identification of some molecular interactors of Gas41. Among them we found n-Myc transcription factor. The interaction between Gas41 and n-Myc was validated by pull-down experiments. We showed that Gas41 is able to bind both n-Myc and c-Myc proteins, and that the levels of expression of Gas41 and Myc proteins were similar to each other in such brain tumors as neuroblastomas and glioblastomas. Finally, in order to identify which region of Gas41 is involved in the interaction with Myc proteins, we analysed the ability of Gas41 to substitute for its orthologue Yaf9 in yeast; we showed that the N-terminal portions of the two proteins, containing the YEATS domains, are interchangeable, while the C-terminal portions are species-specific. In fact we found that Gas41 C-terminal portion is required for Myc protein interaction in human.
EN
INTRODUCTION: Stereotactic biopsy is a relatively commonly used tool for brain tumour diagnostics. A frame-based stereotactic biopsy is the standard, but the so-called 'frameless' biopsy, which is done by using a special neuronavigation system, seems to be a safe and convenient alternative. The authors have assessed the safety and effectiveness of an MRI based 'frameless' stereotactic biopsy of brain tumours. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 42 cases of patients, who underwent 'frameless' brain tumour biopsies in 2011–2013, were been retrospectively analysed. The biopsies were done by using BrainLab™ neuronavigation with VarioGuide and biopsy side-cut needles. The operation plan was based on a preoperative MRI head. In every case, at least 3 specimens various trajectories were taken. Pathological analysis was performed in the same place in every case. RESULTS: There were 85.7% cases with an exact histopathological result. 14.3% cases obtained a pathological result, but without exact diagnosis. One patient (2.4%) with astrocytoma WHO III died as a result of a perioperative intraventricular hemorrhage. Other clinically significant perioperative complications occurred in 2 cases (4.8%). The histopathological diagnostics revealed: 12 cases of GBM (28.6%), 8 cases of astrocytoma WHO III (19%), 10 cases of astrocytoma WHO II (23.8%), 1 case of metastasis (2.4%), 1 case of lymphoma (2.4%) as well as 2 other lesions (4.8%). Statistical analysis revealed no significant differences in the patients’ pre- and postoperative state. CONCLUSIONS: The 'frameless' biopsy is an effective and relatively safe way of diagnosing brain tumours. This type of biopsy takes less time to perform. It seems that it can be recommended as a convenient alternative to frame-based biopsy.
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EN
Brain tumours comprise 20-25% of paediatric neoplasms and constitute the second most common group, after leukaemia. They are responsible for approximately 20% of cases of hydrocephalus in children. Mechanical compression of the ventricular system is the most frequent cause of hydrocephalus. Malabsorption or overproduction of cerebrospinal fluid are less commonly observed. Hydrocephalus most commonly affects children with intra-axial brain tumours. Benign tectal gliomas, tumours of the posterior part of the third ventricle (pineal region tumours) and cerebellar vermis and fourth ventricle tumours are the most concerned. Hydrocephalus accompanies also a relatively great number of tumours located in suprasellar region or within the brainstem. Surgical treatment of hydrocephalus depends on location of the tumour and patient’s clinical condition. Surgical resection of a large majority of hemispheric, intraventricular, suprasellar and cerebellar tumours results with withdrawal of hydrocephalus. The rest of the patients requires neuroendoscopic procedures (third ventriculostomy) or shunting. Neuroendoscopic procedures are performed in children with pineal tumours as a first treatment option. Patients with brainstem tumours are subjected to the third ventriculostomy or shunting. Children with severe clinical condition require external ventricular drainage or the third ventriculostomy before the resection of the tumour. Prognosis in children with hydrocephalus and brain tumour depends mainly on tumour’s type and further course of the primary disease.
PL
Nowotwory mózgu stanowią ok. 20-25% wszystkich nowotworów wieku dziecięcego i zajmują pod względem częstości występowania drugie miejsce po białaczkach. Są one odpowiedzialne za około 20% przypadków wodogłowia u dzieci. Najczęstszą przyczyną jego powstawania są zaburzenia w przepływie płynu mózgowo- rdzeniowego spowodowane mechanicznym uciskiem, jaki wywiera rozrastający się nowotwór na poszczególne elementy układu komorowego. Rzadziej obserwuje się zaburzania wchłaniania lub nadmierną produkcję płynu mózgowo-rdzeniowego. Wodogłowie występuje głównie u chorych z nowotworami mózgu położonymi w linii pośrodkowej. Dotyczy to przede wszystkim chorych z łagodnymi glejakami blaszki pokrywy śródmózgowia, nowotworami tylnej części komory III (okolica szyszynki) oraz nowotworami robaka móżdżku i komory IV. Stosunkowo często wodogłowie towarzyszy także nowotworom umiejscowionym w okolicy siodła tureckiego oraz w obrębie pnia mózgu. Leczenie chirurgiczne zależy od lokalizacji nowotworu i stanu klinicznego pacjenta. W znacznej części przypadków nowotworów półkul mózgu, układu komorowego, okolicy siodła tureckiego i móżdżku całkowite chirurgiczne usunięcie guza powoduje ustąpienie wodogłowia. U pozostałych dzieci konieczne jest założenie układu zastawkowego lub wykonanie zabiegu neuroendoskopowego (wentrykulostomia komory III). U chorych z nowotworami okolicy szyszynki w pierwszym etapie stosuje się leczenie neuroendoskopowe, a u pacjentów z guzami pnia mózgu leczenie neuroendoskopowe lub założenie układu zastawkowego. Chorzy w złym stanie klinicznym wymagają założenia drenażu komorowego zewnętrznego lub zabiegu endoskopowego przed przystąpieniem do resekcji nowotworu. Rokowanie u pacjentów z wodogłowiem w przebiegu nowotworów mózgu uzależnione jest przede wszystkim od rodzaju choroby nowotworowej i jej dalszego przebiegu.
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