Search results

1

Purine nucleoside analogs in the therapy of cancer and neuroinflammation

100%

Savić D., Stanković T., Lavrnja I., Podolski-Renić A., Banković J., Peković S., Stojiljković M., Rakić L., Ruždijić S., Pešić M.

Molecular inhibitors in targeted therapy

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2015

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vol. 1

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issue 1

EN

Purine nucleoside analogs have been in clinical use for almost 50 years. At the beginning developed as antiviral agents, later their efficacy was demonstrated in cancer treatment, especially hematological malignances. The approval of new purine nucleoside analogs by US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) over the past decade implies that the interest for these drugs still exists. Here, we review new nucleoside analogs that are currently in preclinical or clinical development as anticancer agents. In addition, we highlight the potential for implementation of these drugs in other pathological conditions, particularly in neuroinflammation.

2

Incidence and etiology of mortality in polytrauma patients: an analysis of material from Multitrauma Centre of the University Teaching Hospital no 1 in Szczecin, over a period of 3 years (2017–2019)

100%

Ciechanowicz D., Samojło N., Kozłowski J., Pakulski C., Żyluk A.

Polish Journal of Surgery

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2020

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vol. 92(4)

1-6

EN

Introduction: The pattern of traumatic death is a subject of great interest in the worldwide literature. Most studies have aimed to improve trauma care and raise awareness of avoidable fatal complications. Aim: The objective of the present study was an epidemiological and clinical analysis of causes of traumatic death of patients treated at the Multitrauma Centre of the University Teaching Hospital No 1 in Szczecin, over a period of 3 years (2017–2019). Material and methods: The study material comprised medical data of 32 patients with a mean age of 63 years, who died due to polytrauma injury. The time of death form admission to the Multitrauma Centre, primary cause of death, spectrum and sites of injuries, as well as method of treatment (operative or conservative) were variables considered in the analysis. Results: The predominant mechanisms of injury were traffic accidents – 22 cases (69%) followed by falls from a height 8 (25%) and other mechanism – 2 cases (6%). The most common primary cause of death was brain injury – 17 patients (53%) followed by pelvic or spinal fractures – 5 (16%). The predominant constituents of polytrauma were bony injuries (pelvis, spine and limbs) – 28 cases (87%), followed by head injuries – 25 (78%), chest – 24 (75%) and abdominal injuries – 17 (53%). Eighteen patients (56%) required operative treatment; craniotomy for brain injuries was the most commonly performed – in 11 patients, followed by laparotomy – in 5. Five other patients underwent an endovascular procedure – pelvic artery embolization. Twelve patients (38%) died in the first two days from admission to the trauma center, 5 (16%) in the first week and 15 over one week form admission. Conclusions: Head injuries, pelvic fractures with associated retroperitoneal bleeding and severe injuries affecting several body parts were identified as the most dangerous for the survival of polytrauma patients. A trend to decrease mortality due to hemorrhagic shock was observed, but it remains unchanged for central nervous system injuries.

3

Stroke impact on the cognitive functions of Moroccan neuro-lesioned patients in the Gharb Region

88%

Mènon C. S., Touhami Ahami A. O., Latifi M., Mureşanu D. F., Gam I., Obayagbona V. O.

Acta Neuropsychologica

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2019

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vol. 17(1)

25-38

EN

Stroke (ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke) is a sudden-onset neurological deficit resulting from focal vascular lesions. This is due to a clot-induced obstruction of a vessel (ischemic stroke) or a rupture of a vessel causing haemorrhage (hemorrhagic stroke). The management of neuro-injured patients (AVC) is a major public health problem. The principal aim of this study is to evaluate the short and long term neuropsychological sequences following a neurological accident of neuro-injured patients hospitalized at the Kenitra Provincial Center (Morocco) in comparison with the control group. We tested 34 stroke patients, with an average age sample of 59.12 years, for a standard deviation of 14.35 with extremes between 32 and 82 years. Of these patients, 20 were female (58.82%) and 14 male (41.18%). The sex ratio is 0.7 in favour of the female sex. Both the neuro-lesioned patients and the control group benefited from neuropsychological tests. In the neurocognitive evaluation we used three neuropsychological tests: (a) The bell test or non-verbal bell dam test allows for a selective, visuospatial and strategic attentional evaluation; (b) Raven's test focuses on the nonverbal neuropsychological intelligence where the subject is led to analyze and solve each test problem based on inductive reasoning; (c) The digit memory test is a test to evaluate the short-term verbal memory and working memory capabilities of stroke patients. Our results showed through the various neurocognitive tests that our stroke patients obtained lowers score, compared to the control group (p <0.05). Raven Standard Progress Matrix Test Scores (SPMR):(Mean-Patients = 32.49, SD = 7.43 < Mean-Controls = 42.01, SD = 3.98). Digit Memory Test scores: Forward digit span (Mean-Patients = 2.21, SD = 0.5

4

NEUROPSYCHOLOGY OF CREATIVITY: A MICROGENETIC APPROACH

75%

Pąchalska M.

Acta Neuropsychologica

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2022

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vol. 20(1)

87-114

EN

The neuropsychology of creativity is recently understood as a subdiscipline developing on the borderline of being a: (1) medical neuroscience - using clinical and experimental neuroanatomical, neurophysiological, neurobiological, neurosurgical, neurological, neuropsychiatric methods and approaches and (2) social neuroscience - using social psychology and neuropsychology, social linguistics and neurocultural studies to help disabled people. The subject of research into the neuropsychology of creativity is the relationship between creativity and the functioning of the brain (structures and neuronal connections) and the self using the individual, social and cultural mind and modelling these behaviors in relation to the biological organism and the social and cultural environment itself. Neuropsychological research of creativity is directed mainly to discover the brain mechanisms of creativity, to form the theoretical models, to elaborate the methods of diagnosis and therapy of artists with brain damage. A promising model that allows for a better understanding of the creation process, and therefore one offering better assistance to individuals who have never developed or have lost the ability to create due to brain damage, is the microgenetic approach that will be discussed in this article. To introduce the reader to these issues, a case study of an artist with brain damage is presented. It illustrates the importance of performing a syndrome analysis, supported by the neurophysiological studies (neuroimaging studies of the brain, quantitative electroencephalography (qEEG), event-related potentials (ERPs) and sLorette tomography) with the use of neuromarkers to avoid a false diagnosis. It also shows the possibilities of art therapy in the process of rebuilding the creative abilities lost as a result of brain damage, and thus the rebuilding of one's individual, social and cultural Self. However, something that is also important for artists, selected works, especially the most characteristic and significant ones, are also achieving critical recognition. It even happens that they become a part of the world's cultural heritage, are displayed at various exhibitions and are even bought to be hung in the collections of galleries acrosss the world, like in the case of the artist presented in these paper.

5

Apathy syndrome as a consequence of brain injury – a difficult problem in neurorehabilitation

63%

Seniów J., Komajda R., Zaborski J.

Medical Rehabilitation

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2005

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vol. 9(2)

3-7

PL

Pierwotne, biologiczne zaburzenie czynnika motywacyjnego w najszerzej rozumianym wymiarze celowego, świadomego zachowania człowieka jest w praktyce klinicznej znaną konsekwencją uszkodzenia mózgu i stanowi poważne utrudnienie w prowadzeniu procesu rehabilitacji. Deficyt motywacji, nazywany inaczej zespołem apatii, jest szczególnie często obserwowany u chorych po udarze i urazie mózgu. Powoduje ograniczenie emocjonalnego przeżywania i żywego reagowania na otoczenie, utratę troski o siebie i innych, bierne uczestnictwo w procesie rehabilitacji. Wszystko to drastycznie utrudnia fizyczny i społeczny powrót do zdrowia. Hipotetycznie przyjmuje się, że patomechanizmem apatii jest dysfunkcja czołowo-podkorowego systemu neuronalnego, obejmującego przyśrodkowe części kory przedczołowej oraz wzgórze i jądra podstawy. W wyniku uszkodzenia wymienionych struktur następuje dysfunkcja systemu dopaminergicznego, który jest nazywany „behawioralnym systemem aktywującym” bowiem moduluje m.in. stan wzbudzenia, uwagi i emocji. Apatia może współwystępować z zaburzeniami poznawczymi, ale te dwa elementy są traktowane jako względnie rozdzielne. Celem artykułu jest szczegółowy opis zespołu apatii oraz zwrócenie uwagi profesjonalistom praktycznie zajmującym się neurorehabilitacją na biologiczne podłoże zachowań niektórych chorych, którym niesłusznie przypisuje się brak zaangażowania i słabą motywację do aktywnego uczestnictwa w procesie rehabilitacji. Autorzy – na podstawie przeglądu piśmiennictwa omawiają problemy diagnostyki różnicowej oraz leczenia. Zwraca się uwagę na odróżnianie apatii od depresji, otępienia i zaburzeń świadomości. Ciągle brak systematycznych badań na temat skutecznej farmakoterapii w organicznym zespole apatii. W artykule prezentowane są wyniki wstępnych badań klinicznych, sugerujących m.in. skuteczność terapeutyczną agonistów dopaminy i innych stymulantów.

EN

Primary, biological dysfunction of motivational factor in a widely understood goal-oriented behaviour is in clinical practice a wellknown consequence of brain injury, and it causes serious difficulties in neurorehabilitation. The deficit of motivation, also known as apathy syndrome, is particularly frequently observed in patients with stroke and other type of brain injury. It results in limitation of emotional expression and reacting to the environment, loss of ability to care about oneself and others, and causes passive participation in rehabilitation. All these symptoms significantly decrease the chances of physical and social recovery. Hypothetically, it is claimed that the dysfunction of fronto-subcortical neural system, overlapping medial parts of prefrontal cortex, thalamus and basal ganglia, is a pathomechanism of apathy. Damage of these structures results in dysfunction of dopaminergic system which is called a “behavioural activating system” as it modulates the level of activation, attention and emotions. Apathy can co-exist with cognitive impairment, but these two deficits are treated relatively separately. This paper aims to make a detailed description of the apathy syndrome and to draw attention of professionals working in neurorehabilitation to biological foundation of some patients’ behaviour, who are wrongly described as not dedicated and motivated to participate actively in rehabilitation. The authors – on the grounds of literature review – describe problems of differential diagnosis and treatment. They draw attention to differentiating apathy from depression, dementia and consciousness disorder. There are still no systematic studies about efficient pharmacotherapy in the organic apathy syndrome. This paper presents preliminary results of clinical studies suggesting therapeutic efficacy of dopamine agonists and other stimulants.

6

Hiponatremia u pacjenta po urazie czaszkowo-mózgowym – problematyka diagnostyczno-terapeutyczna

63%

Ilków W., Ilków A.

Aktualności Neurologiczne

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2014

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vol. 14

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issue 4

257-263

EN

Hyponatraemia is the most common electrolyte disorder observed in patients with a severe neurological condition, significantly affecting mortality. Both cerebral salt wasting syndrome and the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion manifest with hyponatraemia, showing at the same time a lot of similarities in the clinical picture and laboratory findings. However, due to different diagnostic and therapeutic processes, misdiagnosis can be a great danger for the patient. The treatment of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion is associated with restricted fluid supply, as hyponatraemia is a result of an excess of free water in the body. In the case of cerebral salt wasting syndrome, severe loss of sodium in the urine is the main pathological mechanism of hyponatraemia; hence its treatment consists in sodium supplementation and fluid intake. The authors present a case of a 16-year-old patient treated surgically at the Department of Neurosurgery of the Provincial Medical Centre in Opole due to severe craniocerebral injury, as a result of which cerebral salt wasting syndrome developed on the 8th day. The diagnostic and therapeutic process, differential diagnosis and a review of the literature are included in the discussion. The authors believe that the information contained in the article will be helpful in the diagnosis and treatment of hyponatraemia in patients with a severe neurological condition.

PL

Hiponatremia to najczęstsze zaburzenie jonowe stwierdzane u pacjentów w ciężkim stanie neurologicznym, wpływające w znacznym stopniu na wzrost śmiertelności. Zarówno mózgowy zespół utraty soli, jak i zespół nieadekwatnego wydzielania wazopresyny manifestują się hiponatremią; wykazują przy tym wiele podobieństw w obrazie klinicznym i wynikach badań laboratoryjnych. Z uwagi na odmienny proces diagnostyczno-leczniczy błędna diagnoza może stanowić wielkie niebezpieczeństwo dla chorego. Leczenie zespołu nieadekwatnego wydzielania wazopresyny wiąże się m.in. z restrykcją podaży płynów, ponieważ hiponatremia powstaje wskutek nadmiaru wolnej wody w organizmie. W przypadku mózgowego zespołu utraty soli nasilona utrata sodu z moczem stanowi główny patomechanizm hiponatremii, stąd leczenie polega na suplementacji sodu i podaży płynów. Autorzy przedstawiają przypadek 16-letniego pacjenta leczonego operacyjnie na Oddziale Neurochirurgii Wojewódzkiego Centrum Medycznego w Opolu z powodu ciężkiego urazu czaszkowo-mózgowego, w następstwie którego w ósmej dobie doszło do rozwoju mózgowego zespołu utraty soli. Omówiono proces diagnostyczno-leczniczy, diagnostykę różnicową, a także przegląd literatury. Zdaniem autorów informacje zawarte w artykule okażą się pomocne w diagnostyce i leczeniu hiponatremii u pacjentów w ciężkim stanie neurologicznym.

7

Zaburzenia słuchu w praktyce neurologa

39%

Konarska-Król M., Kacperska M. J., Jastrzębski K., Radek M., Tomasik B.

Aktualności Neurologiczne

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2014

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vol. 14

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issue 1

61-69

EN

Hearing is one of the most important human senses closely associated with the organ of hearing and balance. Patients with sudden hearing loss sometimes report ear fullness, tinnitus or vertigo. Hearing disturbances is a very unpleasant sensation lowering the quality of life. Sudden hearing loss is mostly caused by otologic diseases but also disturbances of brain circulation, brain injury, viral (mumps, rubella, herpes zoster) and bacterial infections, bone diseases, bone tumours, 8th nerve tumours, genetic disorders, autoimmune diseases (e.g. multiple sclerosis), ototoxic medications and many others. Hearing disorders are generally divided into central and peripheral, the latter divided into conductive and perceptive. Deafness is a worrying symptom not only for the patient but also for a clinical neurologist. Diagnosis is based on the past history, physical examination, both otolaryngological and neurological, diagnostic investigations, audiological investigation, atrial excitability testing (caloric tests, electronystagmography) depending on clinical indications, neuroradiological investigations, brainstem auditory evoked potentials, blood tests and others, which enables instituting a proper treatment.

PL

Słuch to jeden z najważniejszych zmysłów człowieka, ściśle związany z narządem słuchu i równowagi. Nagłe lub szybko postępujące upośledzenie słuchu, któremu mogą towarzyszyć szumy uszne, uczucie zatkania ucha czy zawroty głowy, jest dla pacjenta nieprzyjemne i w dużym stopniu obniża jakość jego życia. Wśród przyczyn nagłych zaburzeń słuchu wymienia się przede wszystkim choroby laryngologiczne, ale też zaburzenia krążenia mózgowego, urazy czaszkowo-mózgowe, infekcje wirusowe (wirusy świnki, różyczki, półpaśca) i bakteryjne, choroby kości, guzy nerwu VIII, choroby genetyczne, schorzenia o podłożu autoimmunologicznym (np. stwardnienie rozsiane), leki ototoksyczne i wiele innych. Zaburzenia słuchu dzielimy na ośrodkowe i obwodowe, te drugie natomiast – na przewodzeniowe i odbiorcze. Głuchota jest objawem bardzo niepokojącym nie tylko dla pacjenta, lecz także dla neurologa. W jej przypadku kluczową rolę odgrywają: wywiad, badanie przedmiotowe, w tym badanie otolaryngologiczne, neurologiczne i audiologiczne, badanie pobudliwości przedsionków (próby kaloryczne, elektronystagmografia) oraz – w zależności od wskazań klinicznych – badania neuroobrazowe, badanie słuchowych potencjałów wywołanych z pnia mózgu, badania laboratoryjne krwi i inne, a następnie podjęcie właściwego leczenia.

Refine search results

Purine nucleoside analogs in the therapy of cancer and neuroinflammation

Incidence and etiology of mortality in polytrauma patients: an analysis of material from Multitrauma Centre of the University Teaching Hospital no 1 in Szczecin, over a period of 3 years (2017–2019)

Stroke impact on the cognitive functions of Moroccan neuro-lesioned patients in the Gharb Region

NEUROPSYCHOLOGY OF CREATIVITY: A MICROGENETIC APPROACH

Apathy syndrome as a consequence of brain injury – a difficult problem in neurorehabilitation

Hiponatremia u pacjenta po urazie czaszkowo-mózgowym – problematyka diagnostyczno-terapeutyczna

Zaburzenia słuchu w praktyce neurologa