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Thermoacoustic imaging of human finger joints and bones

100%
Lin H., Weizhi Q., Yuan Z., Zihui C., Nengzhu Z., Jian R., Dakun L.
X-Acoustics: Imaging and Sensing
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2014
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vol. 1
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issue 1
EN
In this study, we explore a new application of thermoacoustic tomography (TAT) for imaging human finger joints and bones. Three volunteers’ finger joints and bones were visualized with satisfying image contrast and spatial resolution by a TAT scanner. The recovered TAT images revealed apparent microwave absorption differences between the joint cavity and bone. Beyond the full single finger imaging, a volunteer’s four fingers were clearly and concurrently imaged. To confirm our observations, MRI images of two volunteers’ fingers were performed, and the TAT recovered shape/size of the fingers were consistent with the MRI findings. To further assess the feasibility of TAT for finger joint and bone imaging, we quantitatively calculated the conductivity of a case. This initial study suggests that TAT may be a good candidate for screening, diagnosing, and monitoring treatment of joint and bone diseases.
2
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Determination of Track Density of Animal Bones using CN-85 Detector

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Kadhim Y. A., Kadhim N. F., Najam L. A.
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vol. 26
138-145
EN
The aim of the study is to calculate the alpha emitters in bone samples of some animals by counting the tracks of alpha particles emitted from radioactive nuclei (Pb-210, Po-210, Ra-226) using the CN-85 detector. The detectors were kept with the samples in closed clear plastic cups at a 2 cm distance for 60 days. The track density in the detector, and, hence, the alpha emitters from the bones were counted with an optical microscope after etching the detectors with an etchant solution (NaOH). The results showed that the optimum etching time of CN-85 when using to detect alpha emitted from natural radionuclides were 40 mins and the highest track density were found in chicken, beef, and sheep respectively.
3
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The influence of low temperatures on dynamic mechanical properties of animal bone

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Mardas M., Kubisz L., Mielcarek S., Biskupski P.
Polish Journal of Medical Physics And Engineering
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2009
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vol. 15
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issue 3
153-159
EN
Different preservation methods are currently used in bone banks, even though their effects on allograft quality are not fully understood. Freezing is one of the most popular methods of preservation in tissue banking. Yet, there is not a lot of data on dynamic mechanical properties of frozen bone. Material used in this study was femoral bones from adult bovine that were machine cut and frozen to the temperature 140°C. Both elastic modulus and loss modulus were measured at 1, 3, 5, 10, and 20 Hz in the temperature range of 30-200°C. Differences between frozen and control samples were observed. The frequency increase always led to the increase in elastic modulus values and decrease in loss modulus values. Freezing reduced the elastic modulus values of about 25% and the loss modulus values of about 45% when measured at 20°C.
4
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Waste release from meat processing

100%
Wzorek Z., Konopka M., Cholewa J., Klamecki G., Bajcer T.
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EN
The aim of our work is model solution management of waste from meat industry, which would lead to zero waste production with the use of cleaner technology. The process will allow to obtain semi-finished products to be then reused for both meat industry and energy recovery. The model will include thermal utilization of meat, meat-bone and other meat industry waste. The ashes with strictly specified properties containing phosphorus components will be used as a potential raw material for the production of phosphoric acid and salts used in meat production. The new technology is going to be developed in one of the biggest meat factories in Poland - DUDA-BIS in Sosnowiec. The strategic aim of the factory is meat processing with zero waste. That would help to avoid problems with meat waste transport and the expensive utilization of waste to meat-bone meal. The reuse of suitably processed meat waste in meat production will permit to lower production costs. This model will satisfy the requirements of BATNEEC - Best Available Technology No Entailing Excessive Costs. This procedure is advantageous also because in the EU market there are 18 million tons of meat by-products1, 2 per year.Regardless of how the utilization problems could be solved, suitably processed meat industry waste can be treated as a potential substitute for phosphoric raw materials. According to the forecast, 50% of phosphoric raw material deposits used at the moment will be exhausted in the next 60 - 70 years. As a result a necessity for a new source of the raw materials has arisen.
5
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Wpływ flufenazyny i risperidonu na przebudowę kości u szczurów owariektomizowanych

63%
Pytlik M., Fronczek-Sokół J.
Annales Academiae Medicae Silesiensis
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2012
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vol. 66
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issue 3
34-43
EN
INTRODUC TION Typical neuroleptics (fl uphenazine), and to a less extent atypical neuroleptics (risperidone), can induce osteoporosis because of the increased secretion of prolactin. The available literature lacks experimental results on the effect of neuroleptics on the skeletal system in conditions of estrogen deficiency. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of fluphenazine and risperidone on bone remodeling in ovariectomized rats. MATERIAL AND METHODS The experiments were conducted on female Wistar rats divided into groups: NOVX – non-ovariectomized control rats, OVX – ovariectomized control rats, OVX+R – ovariectomized rats receiving risperidone (1 mg/kg), OVX+F1 – ovariectomized rats receiving fluphenazine (1 mg/kg), OVX+F5 – ovariectomized rats receiving fluphenazine (5 mg/kg). The tested drugs were administered by a stomach tube (po) once daily for 28 days. Bone remodeling after the use of neuroleptics was assessed based on the bone mass, bone mineral mass, macrometric parameters and histomorphometric parameters. RESULTS Fluphenazine administered at the dose of 5 mg/kg, compared with the results obtained in ovariectomized control rats (OVX), signifi cantly decreased mass of the femur, tibia and L-4 vertebra, as well as periosteal transverse growth and width of periosteal osteoid in the tibial diaphysis and the width of trabeculae in the femoral epiphysis. Fluphenazine in both doses caused statistically signifi cant reduction of the transverse cross-section area of the tibial diaphysis, and decreases in bone mineral mass in the femur, tibia and L-4 vertebra. After risperidone administration no statistically signifi cant differences in the examined bone parameters were observed in comparison to the ovariectomized control rats. CONCLUSIONS Fluphenazine dose dependently augmented the changes in the skeletal system caused by estrogen defi ciency in both cancellous and cortical bone. Risperidone did not intensify changes in the rats bones induced by estrogen deficiency.
PL
WSTĘP Neuroleptyki typowe (flufenazyna) oraz w mniejszym stopniu atypowe (risperidon) na skutek zwiększonego wydzielania prolaktyny mogą powodować rozwój osteoporozy. W dostępnym piśmiennictwie brakuje wyników badań eksperymentalnych dotyczących działania neuroleptyków na układ kostny w warunkach niedoboru estrogenów. Celem pracy było zbadanie wpływu flufenazyny i risperidonu na przebudowę kości u szczurów owariektomizowanych. MATERIAŁ I METODY Badania przeprowadzono na samicach szczurów szczepu Wistar podzielonych na grupy: NOVX – szczury kontrolne nieowariektomizowane; OVX – szczury kontrolne owariektomizowane; OVX+R – szczury owariektomizowane otrzymujące risperidon w dawce 1 mg/kg; OVX+F1 – szczury owariektomizowane otrzymujące flufenazynę w dawce 1 mg/kg; OVX+F5 – szczury owariektomizowane otrzymujące flufenazynę w dawce 5 mg/kg. Leki podawano sondą dożołądkowo (po) raz dziennie przez 28 dni. Przebudowę kości po stosowaniu neuroleptyków oceniano na podstawie masy kości, masy substancji mineralnych oraz parametrów makrometrycznych i histomorfometrycznych. WYNIKI Flufenazyna podawana w dawce 5 mg/kg, w porównaniu z wynikami uzyskanymi w grupie szczurów kontrolnych owariektomizowanych (OVX), spowodowała znaczący statystycznie spadek masy kości udowej, kości piszczelowej i kręgu L-4, a także przyrostu na grubość i szerokości osteoidu od strony okostnej w trzonie kości piszczelowej oraz szerokości beleczek kostnych w nasadzie kości udowej. W obu badanych dawkach flufenazyna wykazała znaczący statystycznie spadek pola powierzchni przekroju poprzecznego trzonu kości piszczelowej, a także masy substancji mineralnych w kości udowej, piszczelowej oraz kręgu L-4. Risperidon u szczurów z niedoborem estrogenów nie wykazał istotnych statystycznie zmian w ocenianych parametrach kości w odniesieniu do grupy kontrolnej owariektomizowanej. WNIOSKI Flufenazyna nasiliła zmiany w układzie kostnym wywołane niedoborem estrogenów w kości o strukturze gąbczastej oraz zbitej w sposób zależny od dawki. Risperidon nie intensyfikował zmian w układzie kostnym szczurów wywołanych niedoborem estrogenów.
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