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Body satisfaction and time spent on physical activity in Polish students

100%
Olchowska-Kotala A., Chromik K.
Human Movement
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2013
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vol. 14
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issue 4
285-290
EN
Purpose. The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between body satisfaction, the amount of time spent on physical activity (PA), and body mass index (BMI) in a group of young adults. Methods. A sample of 527 students (351 females and 176 males) aged 19-24 years were recruited for analysis. Measures of height and weight were collected. Participants completed a questionnaire about PA performed during the previous seven days, intention of increasing PA levels, overall body satisfaction, their ideal BMI, and what parts of their bodies they were most dissatisfied with. Results. Body satisfaction was associated with the amount of time spent on PA in both women and men. No relationship between time spent on PA and BMI was found. In women, lower levels of PA, lower body satisfaction, and a larger discrepancy between actual BMI and ideal BMI was observed when compared with men. The majority of women (85.7%) as well as men (78.4%) intended to increase their PA in the near future. Conclusions. Body satisfaction grows together with increasing the amount of time spent on PA. Young adults are aware of the benefits of PA, but there is a gap between knowledge and practice, highlighting the need for programs that can motivate and educate on how to turn intentions into action. Along with promoting PA, focus on body satisfaction especially among women is also recommended.
2
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Correlates of Body Image in Polish Weight Trainers

100%
Guszkowska M., Maziarczyk T., Piłsudski J.
Human Movement
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2015
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vol. 16
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issue 2
88-94
EN
Purpose. The purpose of this study was to determine body image and body satisfaction in Polish adult men involved in resistance training and to investigate their relationships with objective anthropometric and training characteristics. Methods. The study included 176 males aged 18-31 years with 1-14 years resistance training experience. The Figure Rating Scale, Body Satisfaction Scale and a self-designed questionnaire were administered. Results. Approximately 62% of the participants would like to be more muscular, only 29% accepted their appearance and 9% would like to be less muscular. The body selected as the personal ideal (M = 5.34) was less muscular than the body considered by the participants to be ideal by other men (normative body; M = 6.07) and was more muscular than the body thought to be most attractive to women (M = 5.10). Actual and ideal body muscularity correlated positively with age and body mass, height and BMI. Dissatisfaction with trunk and motor characteristics correlated positively with ideal body and the body considered most attractive to women as well as with the discrepancy indices between the above factors and the actual body. Conclusions. Men regularly involved in resistance training were found to strive for a muscular physique. The normative body, the physique believed to be desired by other men, was more muscular than what was considered preferential to women. However, the latter constitutes a stronger determinant of the level of body satisfaction in men engaged in resistance training.
3
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Education and the Prevention of Postural Defects

100%
Olchowska-Kotala A., Chromik K.
Human Movement
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2014
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vol. 15
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issue 4
199-203
EN
Purpose. The aim of this study was to determine: whether and at what stage of education is proper body posture learned, the intention of young adults to participate in activities teaching proper posture, and the effects of factors related with the said intention. Methods. The study involved 430 university students aged 18-24 years. Anthropometric data was collected. Participants completed questionnaires assessing physical activity level (IPAQ) and their intention to participate in extracurricular activities teaching proper posture while sitting or walking, proper running technique, corrective gymnastics, or weight loss exercises. A self-assessment of posture, physical fitness, attractiveness, and body satisfaction was also completed. Results. Lower back pain was experienced by 41% of the respondents. Most were taught proper posture-related habits in primary school, followed by secondary school, and then at university. Many students expressed their intention to participate in the extracurricular activities. None of the questionnaire variables were associated with the intention to learn proper walking posture or proper running technique. The intention to participate in classes teaching proper sitting posture was associated with lower back pain in women and low physical activity level in men. In women, a relationship was found between the intention to participate in weight loss exercises and body dissatisfaction, high BMI, and poor self-evaluations of posture and attractiveness. In men, this activity was associated with body dissatisfaction. Conclusions. There is a need for further education on the development of proper postural habits at the university level.
4
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Emotional attitude towards one’s own body in overweight women

75%
Bąk-Sosnowska M., Zahorska-Markiewicz B.
Annales Academiae Medicae Silesiensis
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2009
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vol. 63
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issue 3
38-47
EN
OBJECTIVE The aim was to diagnosis of the emotional state of the participants and to compare the separated aspects of body image in the range of an emotional attitude towards body. MATERIAL AND METHOD The participants were 150 overweight women. The Emotional State Questionnaire and the body satisfaction scale were used. RESULTS A slightly higher level of danger (18,13 ± 6,015) and an average level of advantage (16,45± 5,299), harm (12,66± 4,967) and challenge (12,41± 3,758) was observed. The satisfaction from one’s body in the imaginable aspect was more positive than in the declarative aspect (Z=9,460; p<0,001), the sensory aspect (Z=9,345; p<0,001), and the perceived aspect (Z=9,455; p<0,001). CONCLUSIONS The satisfaction from one’s body was the most positive in the imaginable aspect, afterwards in the sensory aspect, the declarative aspect and the perceived aspect. The emotions of advantage and challenge positively correlated with body satisfaction in the aspects: declarative, sensory and perceived.
PL
WSTĘP Celem pracy była diagnoza stanu emocjonalnego badanych oraz porównanie wyodrębnionych aspektów obrazu ciała ze względu na stosunek emocjonalny do własnego ciała. MATERIAŁ I METODA Zbadano 150 otyłych kobiet. Zastosowano Kwestionariusz Stanu Emocjonalnego oraz skalę zadowolenia z własnego ciała. WYNIKI Zaobserwowano nieznacznie podwyższone poczucie zagrożenia (18,13±6,015) oraz średnio nasilone poczucie korzyści (16,45± 5,299), krzywdy (12,66± 4,967) i wyzwania (12,41± 3,758). Zadowolenie badanych z ciała w aspekcie wyobrażeniowym było większe niż w aspekcie deklaratywnym (Z=9,460; p<0,001), sensorycznym (Z=9,345; p<0,001) i spostrzeżeniowym (Z=9,455; p<0,001). WNIOSKI Zadowolenie z własnego ciała okazało się największe w aspekcie wyobrażeniowym, następnie sensorycznym, potem deklaratywnym i spostrzeżeniowym. Poczucie korzyści i wyzwania pozytywnie korelowało z zadowoleniem z ciała w aspekcie: deklaratywnym, sensorycznym i spostrzeżeniowym.
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Spostrzeganie własnego ciała przez mężczyzn intensywnie uprawiających sporty siłowe. Przypadki dysmorfii mięśniowej

63%
Rakfalska A., Schier K.
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issue 2
93-103
EN
In 1993, Harrison Pope et al. from Harvard Medical School described a form of muscular dysmorphia among bodybuilders and named it reverse anorexia nervosa. It is characterized by a distorted body image, the body is perceived as small, excessively frail and not muscular enough. Pertinent literature differentiates 3 basic features of muscle dysmorphia: 1. constant worrying associated with imperative need of being both slim and muscular; 2. negative attitudes towards a body appearance, anxiety and avoidance of thinking about own body; 3. coexistence of both above mentioned factors and their consequences in the person’s professional, social and other areas of functioning. The aim of this study was an analysis of own body image in men intensely practicing force sports. Our working hypothesis was, that these men may suffer muscle dysmorphia. The study encompassed 80 males from two cities (Kraoenik and Warsaw), aged 18-46; there of 43 men were in the study group and 37 men in the control group, who did not exert at the gymnasium. Study participants filled-in an Introductory Questionnaire, Stephen Franzoi Body Esteem Scale and a projection instrument – Body Image Drawing Test “Nagusek” (“Nudie”). Study results indicate that the subscale Upper Body Strength of the Body Esteem Scale (particularly such items as: muscle strength, chest, muscular mass and width of the shoulder girdle) differentiated both groups examined. Among men practicing force sports, 41.9% of the subjects presented traits of muscle dysmorphia.
PL
W 1993 roku Harrison Pope z zespołem z Harvard Medical School opisali dysmorfię mięśniową wśród kulturystów i określili ją jako odwrócona anorexia nervosa. Charakteryzuje się ona zaburzoną percepcją obrazu ciała, które postrzegane jest m.in. jako małe, niewystarczająco umięśnione i wątłe. W literaturze przedmiotu wyróżnia się trzy podstawowe cechy dysmorfii mięśniowej: 1. zamartwianie się związane z potrzebą bycia jednocześnie szczupłym i umięśnionym; 2. negatywne przekonania dotyczące wyglądu ciała, lęk oraz unikanie myślenia o swoim ciele; 3. współwystępowanie dwóch powyższych czynników oraz ich konsekwencje w życiu zawodowym, społecznym oraz innych obszarach funkcjonowania. Celem przeprowadzonego badania była analiza obrazu ciała mężczyzn intensywnie trenujących sporty siłowe. Przyjęto założenie, iż mężczyźni ci mogą cierpieć na dysmorfię mięśniową. W badaniu uczestniczyło 80 mężczyzn z dwóch miast (Kraśnika i Warszawy) w wieku 18-46 lat. W grupie właściwej było 43 mężczyzn, natomiast w grupie kontrolnej 37 mężczyzn niećwiczących na siłowni. Badani wypełnili: Ankietę Wstępną, test Skala Oceny Ciała Stephena Franzoi oraz narzędzie projekcyjne - Rysunkowy Test Obrazu Ciała „Nagusek". Wyniki badań pokazały, iż badane grupy różnicowała podskala Siła Górnych Części Ciała testu Skala Oceny Ciała (w szczególności pozycje: siła mięśni, klatka piersiowa, muskulatura i szerokość ramion). W grupie mężczyzn uprawiających intensywne sporty siłowe 41,9% wykazywało cechy dysmorfii mięśniowej.
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