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1

EFFECTS OF MODERATE-INTENSITY RESISTANCE EXERCISE ON BLOOD PRESSURE IN HYPERTENSIVE INDIVIDUALS

100%

Ghobadi M. R., Hoseini R., Hoseini Z.

Central European Journal of Sport Sciences and Medicine

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2016

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vol. 16

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issue 4

5-12

EN

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of moderate-intensity resistance exercise on postexercise hypotension (PEH) in the hypertensive. The study was conducted with eighteen hypertensive elderly individuals (20–30 years). They were subjected to two experimental sessions: control session (SC) and 50% (S50%) of 1RM. For each session, subjects were evaluated pre-and postintervention. In the preintervention, the blood pressure (BP) and FVR were measured after 10 min of rest. Thereafter, they were taken to the gym to perform the exercise sessions or remained at rest in each of the equipment during the same time.In the S50% group was composed of a set of ten repetitions of ten exercises, with an interval of 90 s between exercises. Subsequently,the FVR and BP measurements were again performed at 15, 30, 45, 60 and 75 min of recovery (postintervention). The PEH was greater in S50% compared with SC, with the lower value of BP being found at 75 min of recovery for the two sessions (systolic BP:125.21 ±0.98mmHg versus 145.45 ±1.72 mmHg; diastolic BP: 83.60 ±1.67 mmHg versus 95.14 ±0.74 mmHg respectively). Moderateintensity resistance exercise was effective in promoting PEH, this phenomenon being accompanied by a reduction in FVR within the first minute of recovery in the hypertensive young.

2

Determination and Prediction of One Repetition Maximum (1RM): Safety Considerations

100%

Niewiadomski W., Laskowska D., Gąsiorowska A., Cybulski G., Strasz A., Langfort J.

Journal of Human Kinetics

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2008

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vol. 19

109-120

EN

Strength training is recommended for slowing age-dependent deterioration of muscular strength and for rehabilitating patients with muscle weakening illnesses. Reliable assessment of muscle strength is important for proper design of strength training regimes for prevention, rehabilitation, and sport. One repetition maximum (1RM) is an established measure of muscular strength and is defined as the value of resistance against which a given movement can be performed only once. Proper assessment of 1RM is time consuming, and may lead to muscle soreness as well as temporary deterioration of the function of the tested muscles. Attempts at indirect 1RM determination based on the maximum number of repetitions performed have predicted 1RM with a variable degree of accuracy. Cardiovascular safety has been neglected in 1RM determination, although arterial blood pressure increases considerably when exercising against maximal or near maximal resistance. From the perspective of cardiovascular safety, favorable 1RM measurement methods should avoid performance of repetitions until failure; movement against high resistance and muscle fatigue both increase blood pressure. Although such techniques are likely less accurate than the current methods, their prediction accuracy be sufficient for therapeutic strength training.

3

Acute Cardiovascular Alterations in Hypertensive Renal Patients During Exercise with Constant Load in the Interdialytic Period

100%

Malfatti C., Ferreira S.

Human Movement

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2010

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vol. 11

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issue 2

157-161

EN

Purpose. The study investigated acute cardiovascular alterations during aerobic exercise in interdialytic phase. Basic procedures. Seven hypertensive men with chronic renal disease (CRD) and seven healthy men (C) were matched according to the age (CRD: 48.5 ± 8.5; C: 45.28 ± 9.3) and body mass index (CRD: 24.2 ± 2.8 kgm-2; C: 26.7 ± 2.7 kgm-2). The exercise was executed on a cycloergometer during 6 minutes at 75% of HRmax and 3 minutes of recovery without load at 55 - 60 rpm. The patients came twice and were controlled only on an occasion at the hospital at 9.00 am. The exercise was performed before and 24 hours after haemodialysis (HD). The blood samples were drawn immediately before and 24 hours after HD for hematocrit and hemoglobin analysis. The statistical difference was verified by the ANOVA and two-tailed unpaired Student's t-test only for p < 0.05. Main findings. After HD, the systolic blood pressure (SBP) shows reduction in the first stage (~14%; p < 0.05) and in the recovery period of exercise (~18%; p < 0.05). A hypotension effect of HD was better observed in the diastolic blood pressure (DBP) from the 5th to 9th min of exercise (~20%; p < 0.05). The HD did not modify biochemical (hematocrit and hemoglobin), physiological (Rest SpO2; rest SBP; rest DBP and VO2max) and body weight parameters. Conclusions. The study showed a significant reduction in blood pressure levels during the exercise, principally in DBP 24 hours after HD, suggesting that exercise executed during this period can induce better tolerance to exercise in dialyzed patients.

4

The Acute Effect of Resistance Exercise with Blood Flow Restriction with Hemodynamic Variables on Hypertensive Subjects

88%

Araújo J. P., Silva E. D., Silva J. C. G., Souza T. S. P., Lima E. O., Guerra I., Sousa M. S. C.

Journal of Human Kinetics

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2014

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vol. 43

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issue 1

79-85

EN

The purpose of this study was to analyze systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and the heart rate (HR) before, during and after training at moderate intensity (MI, 50%-1RM) and at low intensity with blood flow restriction (LIBFR). In a randomized controlled trial study, 14 subjects (average age 45±9,9 years) performed one of the exercise protocols during two separate visits to the laboratory. SBP, DBP and HR measurements were collected prior to the start of the set and 15, 30, 45 and 60 minutes after knee extension exercises. Repeated measures of analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used to identify significant variables (2 x 5; group x time). The results demonstrated a significant reduction in SBP in the LIBFR group. These results provide evidence that strength training performed acutely alters hemodynamic variables. However, training with blood flow restriction is more efficient in reducing blood pressure in hypertensive individuals than training with moderate intensity.

5

The human body's response to the conditions in the sauna

88%

Borysławski K., Szaliłow K., Bielec G., Omelan A., Podstawski R.

Physical Activity Review

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2021

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vol. 2

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issue 9

11-17

EN

Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the effect of a 15-minute bathing session in a Finnish sauna on changes in systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP and DBP, respectively), heart rate (HR), and body mass. The effects of grouping variables (age, sex, BMI, frequency of sauna use, history of sauna use) were taken into account in the analysis. Materials and Methods: A total of 60 women (33.6±13.1) and 42 men (33.8±12.5) aged 17 to 79 participated in one 15-minute sauna session (temperature: 90-91°C; relative humidity: 14-16%) in December 2019, in the city of Wrocław, Poland. The participants' body mass, SBP, DBP and HR were measured before and after sauna. Body height was measured only before sauna. Results: Sauna induced significant changes in the participants' physiological parameters. Systolic blood pressure decreased (p<0.05) in both sexes, in older participants (p<0.001) regardless of their BMI, and in participants who had rarely used sauna and had used sauna for a minimum of several years. A significant decrease in DBP (p<0.001) and HR values and a significant loss of body fluids (p<0.001) was noted in both sexes regardless of age, BMI, frequency and history of sauna use. Conclusions: A 15-minute sauna session has a beneficial effect on the circulatory system and can be incorporated into cardiovascular therapies. Regular sauna use is an important factor, and optimal results can be achieved by visiting sauna several times a week.

6

Changes in the Blood Pressure, Heart Rate and Body Mass of Physically Active Men in Response to Thermal Stress

88%

Podstawski R., Bielec G., Borysławski K., Alföldi Z., Marzec A.

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vol. 37

65-76

EN

Background: Finnish sauna is presently the most popular type of thermal therapy in Europe. Saunas are widely available in aquaparks, SPA centers and hotels. In Scandinavian countries sauna is regarded not only as a form of treatment, but as a part of the national lifestyle. Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate sauna-induced changes in systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP), heart rate (HR) and body mass in healthy men. Methods: Thirty healthy men aged 20-49 years (mean age: 31.2±11.3 years) attended four 12-minute Finnish sauna sessions (temperature: 90°C, humidity: 14-16%) with 6-minute breaks in between sessions, including cold water immersion for 1 minute. The participants’ physical activity (PA) levels were evaluated with an IPAQ questionnaire. Sauna bathers’ body composition, BP and HR were measured before the first and after the fourth sauna session. Results: A significant (p < .001) decrease in SBP and DBP values was noted in response to sauna regardless of the bathers’ body mass, age and PA levels. The average HR increased significantly in younger, slimmer and more physically active participants. Sauna treatment induced a significant decrease in body mass loss regardless of all independent variables. Conclusions: Repeated 12-minute Finnish sauna sessions have a beneficial influence on the cardiovascular system. Finnish sauna can be recommended for healthy men with average and high PA levels as a means of decreasing BP. Body mass loss, on the other hand, is related to the loss of body fluids as a result of sweating.

7

Decrease of Arterial Hypertension After Adrenalectomy in Patients Without Confirmation of Adrenal Tumour Hyperfunction

75%

Ziaja J., Chudek J., Król R., Cierniak T., Adamczak M., Więcek A., Cierpka L.

Polish Journal of Surgery

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2007

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vol. 79

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issue 4

273-279

EN

Adrenal tumours incidentally found in patients with arterial hypertension pose a severe clinical problem when no endocrine hyperactivity is confirmed and their features in diagnostic imaging do not suggest malignancy.The aim of the study was to evaluate the clinical consequences of unilateral adrenalectomy in a long term follow up period for patients that have adrenal tumours without confirmed endocrine hyperactivity.Material and methods. We evaluated the clinical consequences of unilateral adrenalectomy in a long term follow up of 48 hypertensive patients with a unilateral adrenal tumour lacking biochemical confirmation of adrenal hyperactivity. The mean duration of hypertension was 87 months; observation time ranged from 6 to 62 months.Results. Normalisation of blood pressure was observed in 8.3% of patients. In addition, better blood pressure control was documented in 35.4% of patients. There were no significant differences between group of patients with normalization or improvement of blood pressure control and those with no improvement with respect to age, BMI, duration of hypertension, tumour size, renin activity, aldosterone to plasma renin activity ratio, or the preoperative plasma concentration of potassium, aldosterone, or cortisol. The maximum values of systolic, but not diastolic, blood pressure before surgery were lower in patients with normalization or improvement of blood pressure control.Conclusions. Improvement of blood pressure control after unilateral adrenalectomy in 43.7% of patients may suggest tumour endocrine hyperactivity which remains unconfirmed by laboratory tests. It is not possible to predict improvement of blood pressure control after adrenalectomy in this group of patients according to tumour size and routine biochemical examination.

8

Consequences of the loss of the Grainyhead-like 1 gene for renal gene expression, regulation of blood pressure and heart rate in a mouse model

75%

Pawlak M., Walkowska A., Mlącki M., Pistolic J., Wrzesiński T., Benes V., Jane S., Wesoły J., Kompanowska-Jezierska E., Wilanowski T.

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2015

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vol. 62

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issue 2

287-296

EN

Aim: The Grainyhead-like 1 (GRHL1) transcription factor is tissue-specific and is very highly expressed in the kidney. In humans the GRHL1 gene is located at the chromosomal position 2p25. A locus conferring increased susceptibility to essential hypertension has been mapped to 2p25 in two independent studies, but the causative gene has never been identified. Furthermore, a statistically significant association has been found between a polymorphism in the GRHL1 gene and heart rate regulation. The aim of our study was to investigate the physiological consequences of Grhl1 loss in a mouse model and ascertain whether Grhl1 may be involved in the regulation of blood pressure and heart rate. Experimental approach: In our research we employed the Grhl1 "knock-out" mouse strain. We analyzed renal gene expression, blood pressure and heart rate in the Grhl1-null mice in comparison with their "wild-type" littermate controls. Most important results: The expression of many genes is altered in the Grhl1-/- kidneys. Some of these genes have previously been linked to blood pressure regulation. Despite this, the Grhl1-null mice have normal blood pressure and interestingly, increased heart rate. Conclusions: Our work did not discover any new evidence to suggest any involvement of Grhl1 in blood pressure regulation. However, we determined that the loss of Grhl1 influences the regulation of heart rate in a mouse model.

9

Parenteral Na2S, a fast-releasing H2S donor, but not GYY4137, a slow-releasing H2S donor, lowers blood pressure in rats

75%

Drapala A., Koszelewski D., Tomasova L., Ostaszewski R., Grman M., Ondrias K., Ufnal M.

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2017

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vol. 64

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issue 3

561-566

EN

Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is involved in blood pressure regulation. We evaluated hemodynamic effects of Na2S and morpholin-4-ium (4-methoxyphenyl)(morpholino)phosphinodithioate (GYY4137), H2S donors. GYY4137 is the most widely studied slow-releasing H2S donor, however, its ability to release H2S under physiological conditions is unclear. Hemodynamics were recorded in anaesthetized Wistar-Kyoto rats at baseline and after intravenous (IV) or intraperitoneal (IP) administration of either a vehicle (20% dimethyl sulfoxide), GYY4137 or Na2S. The stability of GYY4137 in buffers and in plasma was evaluated with nuclear magnetic resonance. The vehicle, as well as GYY4137, given IV did not affect mean arterial blood pressure (MABP), whereas Na2S produced a significant decrease in MABP. Similarly, IP given Na2S, but not GYY4137, lowered MABP. In the buffers at pH of 7.4 and 5.5 and in rat plasma no reaction of GYY4137 was found during 18 hours of observation. In contrast, rapid decomposition of GYY4137 occurred in buffers at pH 2.0. In conclusion, parenteral GYY4137 does not exert a hemodynamic effect in Wistar-Kyoto rats. This seems to be due to the high stability of GYY4137 at physiological pH. Therefore, it is likely that widely reported biological effects of GYY4137 are not H2S-dependent but may depend on GYY4137 itself. However, the H2S-dependent biological effects of GYY4137 may be expected in tissues characterized by low pH.

10

The impact of kinesiotherapy on blood pressure in patients undergoing systemic cryotherapy treatment

75%

Drozd A., Kalmus P.

Advances in Rehabilitation

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2013

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vol. 27

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issue 4

21-29

EN

Introduction: It is proven that the influence it has when used locally is anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antiedematous, it reduces muscle tension and improves blood circulation. It has overall beneficial effect in systemic use. Cryotherapy causes strong reactions involving their vascular spasm, with the dynamic relaxation after that. Cryotherapy treatment is recommended e.g. in cases of musculoskeletal diseases, the diseases of the nervous system and depressive disorders. There are many medical contraindications to the use of cryotherapy treatment, especially to systemic cryotherapy treatment. One of them is unregulated high blood pressure (hypertension). The aim of this study was to analyze the impact of systemic cryotherapy treatment followed by kinesiotherapy on the behavior of blood pressure on the patients with normal blood pressure, and patients with high blood pressure. Material and methods: For this study it was examined 51 patients, including men and women. 45% of them were also diagnosed with hypertension. All patients were undergoing 10 systemic cryotherapy treatments following normal procedure. Immediately after cryotherapy treatment, each patient was directed to the kinesiotherapy treatment. During the study, blood pressure measurements were made. The results of blood pressure measurements were statistically analyzed for the entire study group, for the group of patients diagnosed without hypertension and for the group with hypertension. Results: Comparison of changes in the behavior of the blood pressure in each group of patients showed that after a series of 10 treatments, there was a decrease of blood pressure (both, systolic and diastolic). Among all patients and in the group of patients with hypertension, there was a clear tendency to increase of systolic blood pressure in each case immediately after cryotherapy. In all groups of patients, after kinesiotherapy there was a tendency to decrease the blood pressure. Conclusions: The results showed that a series of systemic cryotherapy treatments followed by kinesiotherapy causes reduction of systolic and diastolic blood pressure on patients without hypertension, and patients with diagnosed and well-controlled hypertension. Patients with high blood pressure during systemic cryotherapy treatment should undergo a special medical care.

11

Influence of classic massage on blood pressure and pulse in 21-26 year olds

75%

Walaszek R., Kasperczyk T., Nowak Ł.

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2009

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vol. 17

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issue 1

11-19

PL

Praca przedstawia analizę oddziaływania masażu klasycznego na wartości ciśnienia tętniczego krwi i tętna u 10 zdrowych mężczyzn w wieku 21-26 lat. U każdego z badanych została wykonana seria 10 masaży, najpierw grzbietu, a później kończyny dolnej. Obie serie przedzielono kilkudniową przerwą. Przed i po każdym masażu u badanych dokonywano pomiaru ciśnienia tętniczego i tętna krwi. Z przeprowadzonych badań wynika, że wzrost czy spadek ciśnienia, jak również przyspieszenie czy zwolnienie akcji serca na skutek masażu są uzależnione od tego, która część ciała została poddana zabiegowi. Zanotowane zmiany nie są jednak statystycznie istotne.

EN

The paper presents an analysis of the impact of classic massage on blood pressure and pulse rate of 10 healthy males aged 21 to 26. Each of them received a series of ten massage sessions, first of their back, and then of their leg, with a few-day-long break between the two massage series. Before and after each massage the blood pressure and pulse rate of the examined were measured. The research results indicate that an increase or decrease of the blood pressure, as well as any changes of the pulse rate following a massage session, depend on the part of the body which has been subjected to the massage treatment. The changes observed are not statistically significant.

12

Wpływ regularnej aktywności fizycznej na skład ciała i ciśnienie tętnicze dzieci ze szkoły sportowej

63%

Stańczyk M., Krenc Z., Tkaczyk M.

Pediatria i Medycyna Rodzinna

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2013

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vol. 9

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issue 2

165-172

EN

Physical activity is considered to have influence on anthropometry and blood pressure. It is supposed that regular physical activity leads to better body composition and lowers blood pressure. The aim of the study: Evaluation of influence of regular physical activity offered by sports school on body composition and blood pressure in 14-year-old children. Material and methods: Twenty-five children from sports school participated in the study. Children were examined twice – interval was 12 months. Changes of anthropometric values, body composition and blood pressure values were analysed. Results: In whole group increase of systolic blood pressure was observed (p < 0.05), mainly in boys. Diastolic blood pressure didn’t change. Body composition changed negatively in whole group: fat mass increased (13% vs. 20%, p < 0.05), gain of fat mass was higher in girls (6% vs. 3%, p < 0.05). There was significant increase of BMI percentile in girls (37 vs. 49, p < 0.05), in boys this parameter didn’t change. Conclusion: Increased physical activity offered by sports school doesn’t improve nutritional status of 13–14-year-old girls and boys, whose body fat massincrease. School sport activity doesn’t reduce blood pressure in 13–14-year-old children, according to age standards. Centile values of boys systolic blood pressure were even higher.

PL

Trening fizyczny uważany jest za czynnik wpływający na parametry antropometryczne i ciśnienie tętnicze. Twierdzi się, że osoby regularnie ćwiczące mają lepsze wskaźniki składu ciała oraz niższe wartości ciśnienia tętniczego krwi w porównaniu z osobami nieuprawiającymi sportu. Cel: Ocena wpływu regularnej rocznej aktywności fizycznej prowadzonej w szkole sportowej na skład ciała oraz wartości ciśnienia tętniczego u dzieci 14-letnich (II klasa gimnazjum). Materiał i metodyka: W badaniu wzięło udział 25 dzieci z gimnazjum sportowego. Dzieci badano dwukrotnie w odstępie 12 miesięcy. Analizie poddano zmianę parametrów antropometrycznych, składu ciała metodą impedancji bioelektrycznej oraz wartości ciśnienia krwi. Wyniki: W całej grupie zaobserwowano wzrost wartości centylowych ciśnienia skurczowego krwi (p < 0,05), przede wszystkim u chłopców. W zakresie ciśnienia rozkurczowego nie zanotowano istotnych różnic. Skład ciała zmienił się niekorzystnie u wszystkich badanych – wzrósł udział tłuszczu (13% vs 20%, p < 0,05), a przyrost masy tłuszczowej był wyższy u dziewczynek (6% vs 3%, p < 0,05). Centyl BMI istotnie statystycznie wzrósł w grupie dziewczynek (37 vs 49, p < 0,05), u chłopców nie uległ zmianie. Wnioski: Aktywność fizyczna proponowana przez szkołę sportową nie poprawia stanu odżywienia 13–14-letnich dziewcząt i chłopców, u których obserwuje się istotne zwiększenie w organizmie zawartości tkanki tłuszczowej. Szkolna aktywność fizyczna nie powoduje obniżenia ciśnienia tętniczego wśród młodzieży w wieku 13–14 lat w odniesieniu do norm wiekowych. W zakresie ciśnienia skurczowego w grupie chłopców zaobserwowano nawet wyższe wartości centylowe.

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EFFECTS OF MODERATE-INTENSITY RESISTANCE EXERCISE ON BLOOD PRESSURE IN HYPERTENSIVE INDIVIDUALS

Determination and Prediction of One Repetition Maximum (1RM): Safety Considerations

Acute Cardiovascular Alterations in Hypertensive Renal Patients During Exercise with Constant Load in the Interdialytic Period

The Acute Effect of Resistance Exercise with Blood Flow Restriction with Hemodynamic Variables on Hypertensive Subjects

The human body's response to the conditions in the sauna

Changes in the Blood Pressure, Heart Rate and Body Mass of Physically Active Men in Response to Thermal Stress

Decrease of Arterial Hypertension After Adrenalectomy in Patients Without Confirmation of Adrenal Tumour Hyperfunction

Consequences of the loss of the Grainyhead-like 1 gene for renal gene expression, regulation of blood pressure and heart rate in a mouse model

Parenteral Na2S, a fast-releasing H2S donor, but not GYY4137, a slow-releasing H2S donor, lowers blood pressure in rats

The impact of kinesiotherapy on blood pressure in patients undergoing systemic cryotherapy treatment

Influence of classic massage on blood pressure and pulse in 21-26 year olds

Wpływ regularnej aktywności fizycznej na skład ciała i ciśnienie tętnicze dzieci ze szkoły sportowej