Bacopa monnieri (Scrophulariaceae) is a well-known plant and has been used by humans for several thousand years. In traditional Hindu medicine, it is one of the most important medicinal plants. The aim of the work was to determine the content of Fe, Mg, and Zn and selected organic compounds before and after extraction into the artificial digestive juices obtained from preparations containing B. monnieri. Commercial preparations in the form of tablets and capsules and B. monnieri shoot cultures were used in the experiment. The metal content in the considered mineralized samples was analyzed by atomic absorption spectrometry and organic compounds by RP-HPLC method. The maximum measured content of the metals released into the digestive juices was as follows: Fe – 32.85; Mg – 367.51; and Zn – 16.41 mg/100 g of the preparation. The existing research shows that metals are best released into the artificial digestive juices from the B. monnieri shoot cultures, and least efficiently from the commercial preparations available in the form of tablets. The phenolic compounds analyzed in the methanol extracts and the extracts of the artificial digestive juices were as follows: protocatechuic acid, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, neochlorogenic acid, chlorogenic acid, isochlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, ferulic acid, cynaroside, trifolin, and luteolin. Bacoside A was only determined in the extracts from the B. monnieri shoot cultures. The experimental results revealed that B. monnieri distributed in the form of tablets did not break down in the artificial digestive juices during the considered time intervals.
We have analyzed concentrations of magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn) and iron (Fe) in hair of a group of 82 children with mental retardation, in which 9 patients suffered from epilepsy, 18 from the Down's syndrome and 55 from cerebral palsy. Girls comprised little over 50% of the patients. In the group of boys with epilepsy, we found Mg, Ca, Cu and Fe deficiency, and normal level of Zn. In the group of girls with epilepsy, apart from low Fe concentration, a high level of Ca, Mg, Zn, and Cu was noted. For girls with the Down's syndrome, a high or normal level of Ca, Mg, Zn and Cu was found, whereas the Fe concentration varied and presented itself in a non-characteristic way. Both groups of children with cerebral palsy, i.e. boys and girls, displayed low Fe concentration in their hair; low Cu level was found in older patients as well. In this group of patients, we also noted high concentrations of Ca, Mg and Zn in girls and normal in boys. A high concentration of Ca in girls with cerebral palsy requires separate analysis. The obtained results could be useful as guidance in the direction and determination of the amount of possible patient nutritional supplementation.
Everlasting interest at herbal preparations as potential supporting drugs in treatment is the reason for determination of type and concentration of phenolic acids in them, as well as of their elemental contents. Due to this the objective of the work was to determine the contents of phenolic acids (ferulic, gallic and caff eic) and macroelements (K, Mg, Ca, Na) and microelements (B, Fe, Zn) in 14 plant materials used popularly in medicine. Analysis of the obtained data showed that the concentrations of ferulic, gallic and caff eic acids were in the ranges: 1.39–145.23 μg/g d. m.; 0.33–85.95 μg/g d. m. and 0.84–270.54 μg/g d. m., respectively. However, in some plant materials the level of ferulic and gallic acids was so low, that it was not possible to determine them. Macroelements were found in the ranges of concentrations: 10.60 – 38.69 mg K/g d. m.; 1.67–8.65 mg Mg/g d. m.; 5.31–39.71 mg Ca/g d. m. and 31.95–995.58 mg Na/kg d. m., whereas microelements in amounts of 24.04–67.01 mg B/kg d. m.; 31.27–260.74 mg Fe/kg d. m. and 13.93–83.35 mg Zn/kg d. m. Correlation analysis indicated the strict inter-relation between Fe level in the studied samples and the concentration of Ca, B and caff eic acid. Principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis (CA) enabled identifi cation of plant materials characterized by high contents of phenolic acids and elements, as well as of such materials, in which the studied analytes were on the lowest level. Cluster analysis confi rmed also the results of correlation analysis, indicated by clusters created on the lowest bonding level, which describe the pairs of analytes with high values of the correlation coeffi cients.
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CEL PRACY Nieustające zainteresowanie preparatami roślinnymi jako potencjalnymi lekami wspomagającymi przyczynia się do określenia w nich rodzaju i zawartości substancji czynnych oraz ich składu pierwiastkowego. Celem pracy było oznaczenie zawartości kwasów fenolowych (ferulowego, galusowego, kawowego) oraz makroelementów (K, Mg, Ca, Na) i mikroelementów (B, Fe, Zn) w 14 surowcach roślinnych powszechnie stosowanych w lecznictwie. WYNIKI Stwierdzono że zawartość kwasów: ferulowego, galusowego i kawowego mieściła się w zakresach, odpowiednio: 1,39–145,23 μg/g s. m.; 0,33–85,95 μg/g s.m. i 0,84–270,54 μg/g s.m., ale w przypadku niektórych surowców zawartość kwasów ferulowego i galusowego była tak niska, że nie udało się ich oznaczyć. Makroelementy oznaczono w zakresie stężeń 10,60–38,69 mg K/g s.m.; 1,67–8,65 mg Mg/g s.m.; 5,31–39,71 mg Ca/g s. m. i 31,95–995,58 mg Na/kg s.m., natomiast mikroelementy w ilości 24,04–67,01 mg B/kg s.m.; 31,27–260,74 mg Fe/kg s.m. i 13,93–83,35 mg Zn/kg s. m. WNIOSKI Analiza korelacji wskazała na ścisłą współzależność między stężeniem Fe w badanych próbkach a zawartością Ca, B i kwasu kawowego. Analiza głównych składowych (PCA) i analiza skupień (CA) umożliwiły identyfikację surowców roślinnych charakteryzujących się wysoką zawartością fenolokwasów i pierwiastków oraz surowców, w których ilości oznaczanych analitów były na najniższym poziomie. Analiza skupień potwierdziła również wyniki analizy korelacji, na co wskazują skupienia utworzone na najniższym poziomie wiązania, opisujące pary analitów, które charakteryzują wysokie wartości współczynników korelacji.
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