This study was used to assess public opinion of the economic and ecological importance of various tree species in Kaduna Metropolis, Kaduna state. A total of one hundred (100) questionnaires were randomly administered among four purposively selected towns (Angwa-Rimi and Kawo new extension in Kaduna North and Bar’nawa and Sabo in Kaduna South) within the two major local governments in the study area. Twenty-five (25) questionnaires were randomly distributed across age and sex in each of the four (4) selected towns. Of these, ninety were retrieved for analysis. Data analysis was achieved through descriptive analysis. This included frequency distribution tables, percentages and charts. The results show that the majority of the respondents were aged between (21-30) and (31-40) years, these figures representing (44.4%) and (30.0%), respectively, of the entire study population. In addition, most had secondary education (53.3%). In the stated opinions, Meliaceae occur most often. Other trees species identified in the study area include Eucalyptus spp, Azadiracta indica, Psidium guajava, Terminalia catapa, Mangifera indica, Anacardium occidentalis, Khaya senegalensis, Gmelina arboria, pinus spp, Carica papaya, Moringa olifera, Gliricidia sepium, Ficus spp, Afzelia spp, Balanite eagyptiaca, Borassus aethiopum, Persae americana, Polyantha longifolia etc. The following characteristics mark these tree species out as being economically and ecologically important: fast growth, deep rooting pattern, coppicing ability, ability to produce large crown size, tolerance to adverse weather condition, ability of trees to produce broad leaves for shade production, erosion protection, ability to provide fruits, aesthetics and beautification values. In conclusion, urban tree planting is a potential strategy to ameliorate ecological and economic concerns; thus, there is need for the dwellers in the study area to intensify efforts towards planting trees around their houses. Without this, the influx of people, urbanization and industrialization will create deleterious environmental conditions in the study area. It is recommended that efforts to make the populace aware of the economic and ecological significance of urban trees be intensified.
The purpose of this research paper is to review the literature on dance and its impact on children and adolescents' physical health, physiology, psychology and quality of life, as well as its impact on their social behavior and social relationships. With this objective in mind, we carried out an extensive review of the existing literature in the following databases: MEDLINE, AMED, SCOPUS, ERIC, EMBASE and GOOGLE SCHOLAR. Based on this review, it appears that dancing may be a suitable activity that encourages and prompts people to adopt healthy behaviors. In particular, the literature shows that during dance activities performed by children and adolescents, there are significant benefits to a healthy development of the body, to the improvement of mental and emotional health, as well as to the improvement of their social behavior and social relations. In addition, according to the literature reviewed, even during the Covid-19 pandemic, dance seems to be an efficient means of inspiring active engagement in children and adolescents. A means which can be available beyond in-person teaching, whiles still offering all of the benefits of the subject matter at the same time.
A pharmacist is an educated specialist working to provide patients’ with the highest level of care for who business goals should be a secondary aim. Due to an ethical attitude which is in line with the pharmacist code of ethics, a set of most important guidelines, regulating the pharmacist's profession, are them main stream of pharmaceutical care regulation implemented in daily practice. Pharmaceutical care by deploying variety of different pharmacy services, is an important element of the process of optimizing the use of medicines. To start providing pharmaceutical care by implementing a wide catalog of pharmaceutical services, a Polish pharmacist must change their attitude from the typical role of the “seller” or “shop assistant” to the role of a professional adviser to the patient who is using skills and references to provide the best possible advice. The term: "pharmaceutical care" used to refer to the understanding of the responsible action of a pharmacist, whose professional goal is to ensure the safety of pharmacotherapy and improve the patient's quality of life. The process of implementing this type of care is very difficult and this is due to the fact that most Polish pharmacies since the 90s of the twentith century operate mainly as business entities (discounts, loyalty programs, marketing campaigns). Due to the fact that the pharmacy market in Poland is constantly evolving, it seems reasonable to reflect on how to make contemporary Polish pharmacies unique medical facility, in which the patient will receive not only the prescription, but above all - substantive support from pharmacists, being specialist consultancy in the field of health and safety in taking medicines. The pharmacist, which is specialist advice on health and safety in admission drugs could start to build an authority and respect by step by step transferring the pharmacy from price only focused pharmacy to advance advice focused center of patient well being . It is a very simple process which can be start even from tomorrow. It only a matter of will, and eagerness to make a chance.
PL
Farmaceuta to wykształcony specjalista pracujący nad zapewnieniem swojemu pacjentowi opieki na najwyższym poziomie, dla którego cele biznesowe powinny być wtórne. Dzięki etycznej postawie zgodnym z kodeksem etyki zawody aptekarza, realizowane są założenia opieki farmaceutycznej, będący ważnym elementem procesu optymalizacji użycia leków. Polski farmaceuta, aby rozpocząć sprawowanie opieki farmaceutycznej poprzez realizowanie szerokiego katalogu usług, musi zmienić swoje nastawienie z typowej roli sprzedawcy do roli profesjonalnego doradcy dla pacjenta. Pojęcie: “opieka farmaceutyczna” zwykło się odnosić do rozumienia odpowiedzialnego działania farmaceuty, którego zawodowym celem jest zapewnienie bezpieczeństwa farmakoterapii i podniesienie jakości życia pacjenta. Proces wdrażania tego rodzaju opieki jest bardzo trudny i to z uwagi na to, że większość polskich aptek od lat 90-tych XX w funkcjonuje głównie jako podmioty biznesowe (zniżki, programy lojalnościowe, akcje marketingowe). Ze względu na to, że rynek apteczny w Polsce stale się rozwija zasadne wydaje się poczynienie refleksji na temat tego, w jaki sposób współczesne polskie apteki uczynić wyjątkowymi placówkami medycznymi, w których pacjent otrzyma nie tylko realizację recepty, ale nade wszystko - merytoryczne wsparcie ze strony farmaceuty, będące specjalistycznym doradztwem w sprawach zdrowia i bezpieczeństwa w przyjmowaniu leków.
The functioning of health care centers is highly dependent on the quality of cooperation between medical staff - doctors, nurses, but also pharmacists. Pharmaceutical knowledge about medicines, combined with daily practice and supervision of the pharmacotherapy used, can bring a number of benefits, primarily increasing effectiveness and safety of treatment, as well as reducing the cost of treatment. Despite numerous difficulties, in some hospitals in Poland pharmacists undertake various types of clinical activities by directly joining the work of a hospital ward or remote monitoring of patient's pharmacotherapy using electronic systems. It should be emphasized that these are often tasks carried out outside the basic dimension of working time. The initiative taken in 2017 by the Director of the Provincial Specialist Hospital in Wroclaw, Research and Development Center, deserves a mention. Pharmacist (during the specialization in clinical pharmacy) was fully engaged in the work of hospital wards focusing first in the Department of Vascular Surgery, and then also General Surgery. Her daily duties include participation in medical celebrations, conducting medical history with newly admitted patients, optimization of pharmacotherapy, consultation with the medical and nursing team, control of orders and results of laboratory tests, giving advice to staff and educating patients in correct use of medicines. This kind of multidisciplinary cooperation has become a standard of care, which has been approved by the accreditation committee of the Center for Quality Monitoring in Health Care. In Poland, clinical pharmacy is constantly developing and gaining importance every year, but as of today, there are still no clear law regulations. Will the draft Act On The Pharmacy Profession adopted by the Council of Ministers introduce regulations and clearly define the place of a clinical pharmacist in the healthcare system? Undoubtedly, it would be a basic step to the further development of clinical pharmacy services.
PL
Funkcjonowanie placówek ochrony zdrowia w dużym stopniu zależne jest od jakości współpracy między personelem medycznym – lekarzami, pielęgniarkami, ale także farmaceutami. Wiedza farmaceutyczna na temat leków, połączona z codzienną praktyką i sprawowowanie nadzoru nad stosowaną farmakoterapią, może przynieść szereg korzyści, przede wszystkim zwiększenie skuteczności i bezpieczeństwa leczenia, a także obniżenie jego kosztów. W Polsce obserwuje się rozwój farmacji klinicznej, jednak jego tempo jest wolne, gdyż stale brak jest jednoznacznych umocowań prawnych do zatrudniania farmaceutów klinicznych. Czy przyjęty przez Radę Ministrów, projekt Ustawy o zawodzie farmaceuty wprowadzi takie możliwości i wyraźnie określi miejsce farmaceuty klinicznego w systemie opieki zdrowotnej? Bez wątpienia byłby to podstawowy krok do dalszego rozwoju usług farmacji klinicznej.
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