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Test–retest reliability of the newly developed field-based tests focuses on short time efforts with maximal intensity for wheelchair basketball players

100%

Marszałek J., Kosmol A., Morgulec-Adamowicz N., Mróz A., Gryko K., Molik B.

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2019

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vol. 33

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issue 1

23-27

EN

Introduction There are some studies concern special field-based tests for wheelchair basketball players however, there were not a lot of studies confirmed reliability and/or validity of wheelchair basketball field-based tests. The aim of the present study was to assess test-retest reliability of the newly developed field-based tests focused on short time efforts with maximal intensity for wheelchair basketball players. Material and methods Nine elite male wheelchair basketball players (mean age 29.7 ± 5.9 years) performed two times 11 field-based tests focused on short time efforts with the maximal intensity: 3 m sprint, 5 m sprint, 10 m sprint, 20 m sprint, pass basketball ball by both hands from the chest, pass medicine ball (3 kg) by both hands from the chest, bilateral handgrip, 3-6-9 m drill test, 30-seconds sprint test, agility drill test, and 10x5 m sprint test. All sprint tests’ time were measured by Microgate® photocells (Bolzano, Italy). Differences between field-based tests repetitions were compared by the t-test for dependent samples, relationship between repetitions was calculated by the Pearson correlation coefficient, and the ICCs were calculated (test-retest reliability). Results The ICCs were ‘very good’, correlations were strong for each field-based test (r > 0.7). Only for the agility drill test the first repetition is statistically different compare to the second repetition (p = .015). Conclusions The main application of our research is a confirmation of reliability of 10 field-based tests related to short time efforts with maximum intensity: 3 m sprint, 5 m sprint, 10 m sprint, 20 m sprint, pass basketball ball by both hands from the chest, pass medicine ball (3 kg) by both hands from the chest, bilateral handgrip, 3-6-9 m drill test, 30-seconds sprint test, and 10x5 m sprint test.

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THE EFFECT OF FAST, LIGHT AND FAVORITE MUSIC ON PHYSIOLOGICAL FUNCTION AND PHYSICAL PERFORMANCE OF THE MALE ATHLETE STUDENTS

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Arazi H., Ghanbari E., Zarabi L., Rafati F.

Central European Journal of Sport Sciences and Medicine

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2017

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vol. 17

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issue 1

33-40

EN

Listening to music can be useful for athletic performance because of the similarities between the rhythm of the music and the movements of the human body. Given the ambiguity in the lead for better music, the goal of this study was to investigate the effect of fast, light and favorite music on physiological function and physical performance of the male athlete students. 25 healthy male athlete students with the age of 20.8 ±1.20 years, height of 180.5 ±7.02 cm and weight of 70.8 ±10.9 kg participated in this study voluntarily. The present study was a repeated based test (4 times without music, fast, light and favorite music in 4 consecutive weeks with a one week rest apart them to control the effects of fatigue during the test). Results showed that fast music caused a significant changes in anaerobic power, sprint, agility, muscular endurance, aerobic power, rating of perceived exertion (RPE) (p < 0.05). Also, favorite music caused significant changes in explosive power and agility (p < 0.05). But, light music just made significant effect on minimum power (p < 0.05). According to this study, it seems that listening to fast music before aerobic and anaerobic activities can be effective on maximum and submaximal functions.

3

Freestyle versus butterfly swimming performance – effects of age and sex

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Zingg M. A., Wolfrum M., Rüst C. A., Rosemann T., Lepers R., Knechtle B.

Human Movement

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2014

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vol. 15

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issue 1

25-35

EN

Purpose. Recent studies have suggested that the age of peak freestyle swimming speed is reached earlier in life in women than in men. However, no study has investigated the age of peak swimming speed in other swimming styles such as butterfly. The aims of the present study were to investigate the age of peak swimming speed in elite male and female butterfly and freestyle swimmers at the national level (Switzerland) and the sex differences in both the age of peak swimming speed and swimming speed for both swimming styles. Methods. Results of the elite Swiss swimmers between 2006 and 2010 were analysed using one-way analysis of variance. Results. In butterfly, women achieved peak swimming speed at 20-21 years in the 50 m, 100 m and 200 m, whereas men reached their fastest swimming speed in the 50 m at 20-21 years and in both the 100 m and 200 m at 18-19 years. In freestyle, women achieved peak swimming speed at 20-21 years for all distances. Men were the fastest at 22-23 years for both the 100 m and 200 m and at 26-27 years for the 50 m. In the butterfly, the sex difference in swimming speed was highest in the 50 m and lowest in the 200 m (14.1% ± 0.2 in the 50 m, 12.6% ± 1.0 in the 100 m and 8.7% ± 1.8 in the 200 m). Additionally, the sex difference in freestyle swimming speed was highest in the 50 m and lowest in the 200 m (16.2% ± 0.5 in the 50 m, 15.9% ± 0.4 in 100 m and 14.9% ± 1.0 in 200 m). Conclusions. These findings suggest that peak swimming speed was achieved earlier in life in men compared with women for the 100 m and 200 m butterfly distances but not in the 50 m butterfly. In freestyle, peak swimming speed was achieved at younger ages in women compared with men. The sex difference in peak swimming speed was lower in the butterfly than in freestyle.

4

Examining the Levels of Self-Leadership Perceptions of University Student- Athletes in Terms of Sociodemographic Characteristics

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Türköz T., Mutlu T. O., Tabak A., Erdoğan M.

Physical Culture and Sport. Studies and Research

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2013

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vol. 58

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issue 1

43-52

EN

The purpose of the present study is to determine the difference of self-leadership perceptions for university student-athletes in terms of sociodemographic characteristics. The research involved 167 university student-athletes aged 18-21 years (Muğla and Kocaeli at Turkey). Self-leadership perceptions were measured by the Revised Self-Leadership Questionnaire. The number of strategies of selfleadership was calculated in the distribution of mean scores. It was found that variables such as age, education status of mother, and monthly income of the university students do not cause any difference in the levels of self-leadership perceptions. On the other hand, other factors were determined to create statistically significant differences in the use of self-leadership strategies: gender; dealing with sport outside of school; taking part in teams; branch of interested sport; education status of father; socioeconomic status; personal sport history of athletes. It has revealed that not only the psychical factors but also behavioral, cognitive, and psychological factors of self-leadership have important roles in increasing the performance of student-athletes in sport activities.

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An Examination of the Differences in Flow between Individual and Team Athletes

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Boyd J. M., Schary D. P., Worthington A. R., Jenny S. E.

Physical Culture and Sport. Studies and Research

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2018

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vol. 78

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issue 1

33-40

6

Assumption of Risk and Consent Doctrine in Sport

88%

Mohamadinejad A., Mirsafian H., Nemes A., Soltanhoseini M.

Physical Culture and Sport. Studies and Research

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2012

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vol. 55

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issue 1

30-38

EN

Everybody who illegally harms another not only must recover the injured person, but also, may be committed a crime and be punished. According to this doctrine, every time that a participant in a sport activity touches a fellow player, or consciously runs the risk that an opponent may be touched during the game, an offence is committed and he or she is liable. This is clearly an unacceptable situation. If this were the usual way a participant in violence was dealt with by the courts, nobody would play sport, as the risk of conviction would be too great. Sport would be unable to continue in the form that we presently know it. On the other hand, sports often have inherent risks that cannot be eliminated without destroying the very essence of the activity. Consent and assumption of risk defenses in sport accident cases significantly affect resolving the conflict between performing sport as a useful and beneficial activity versus a dangerous practice, and prevent liability from being imposed for just participation in sport activity. Thus, discussion about these defenses can help athletes be more aware of their rights.

7

Hero and Antihero: An Ethic and Aesthetic Reflection of the Sports

88%

Perez C. R.

Physical Culture and Sport. Studies and Research

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2018

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vol. 80

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issue 1

48-56

8

Plants, Algae, Cyanobacteria and Fungi in Diet of Vegan and Vegetarian Sportsmen - a Systematic Review

88%

Kostrakiewicz-Gierałt K.

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vol. 37

23-43

EN

Vegan and vegetarian diets have become increasingly popular in developed countries. The aim of the research presented here is to review publications referring to the role of plants, algae, bacteria and fungi in the diet of vegan and vegetarian sportsmen published in the period 2000-2021. The review of the literature was based on peer-reviewed original full-text articles and patents using the ISI Web of Science database, as well as the Google Scholar and Google Patents search engines. Factorial combinations of the following keywords were applied: (‘plant’ or ‘alga’ or ‘fungus’ or ‘cyanobacteria’) and (‘athlete’ or ‘sport’) and (‘food’ or ‘nutrition’ or ‘diet’) and (‘vegan’ or ‘vegetarian’). The survey of the literature, carried out according to PRISMA statements, showed that many taxa canbe used in manufacturing products enhancing sport nutrition, athletic performance, mental alertness, physical health, preventing disorders and controlling body weight.Numerous authors found that the ingestion of plant constituents such as caffeine and proteins enhances muscle growth and recovery. Other investigations indicated the occurrence of beneficial effects, as well as imperfections, ofnon-animal diets. The performed investigations documented that acceptance of vegan and vegetarian diets flows from religious and ethical beliefs, as well as the advantages of sustainable eating practices.

9

Search for Immortality in Ancient and Modern Sport

75%

Pisk J.

Physical Culture and Sport. Studies and Research

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2012

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vol. 54

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issue 1

5-12

EN

There is only one real problem each human being faces: death. Nobody lives eternally. In essence, humans are mortal beings; beings-unto-death, as framed by Heidegger. But human beings are never reconciled with this fact. Since ancient times, humans have been searching for ways to become immortal and to somehow stay alive eternally. In this paper we will focus on one specific common understanding of immortality among people - immortality in memory. Since ancient Greece, success and fame have meant not only different privileges in the community but also achieving symbolic immortality. Artists, politicians, and athletes - all of them were trying to become well known. So other people would remember them after their death, praise them, and keep them in their memory. In times when transcendental immortality was not known (or accepted), this was the only means to becoming immortal. To this day, lists and statues of ancient Greek Olympic champions have survived. So in a way champions are still alive - they achieved immortality. With the rise of metaphysics in philosophy and the also the Christian understanding of transcendental immortality, the need to be famous, to stay alive in memory, has declined. But nowadays, when the faith in transcendental immortality is weak, once again the ancient notion of immortality is becoming more and more powerful. Being famous, recognized among others, staying in the memory of others - this can be one of the important motives in striving to become a champion in the field of sport.

Refine search results

Test–retest reliability of the newly developed field-based tests focuses on short time efforts with maximal intensity for wheelchair basketball players

THE EFFECT OF FAST, LIGHT AND FAVORITE MUSIC ON PHYSIOLOGICAL FUNCTION AND PHYSICAL PERFORMANCE OF THE MALE ATHLETE STUDENTS

Freestyle versus butterfly swimming performance – effects of age and sex

Examining the Levels of Self-Leadership Perceptions of University Student- Athletes in Terms of Sociodemographic Characteristics

An Examination of the Differences in Flow between Individual and Team Athletes

Assumption of Risk and Consent Doctrine in Sport

Hero and Antihero: An Ethic and Aesthetic Reflection of the Sports

Plants, Algae, Cyanobacteria and Fungi in Diet of Vegan and Vegetarian Sportsmen - a Systematic Review

Search for Immortality in Ancient and Modern Sport