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Cosmetic benefits of astaxanthin on humans subjects

100%

Tominaga K., Hongo N., Karato M., Yamashita E.

2012

vol. 59

issue 1

43-47

Two human clinical studies were performed. One was an open-label non-controlled study involving 30 healthy female subjects for 8 weeks. Significant improvements were observed by combining 6 mg per day oral supplementation and 2 ml (78.9 μM solution) per day topical application of astaxanthin. Astaxanthin derived from the microalgae, Haematococcus pluvialis showed improvements in skin wrinkle (crow's feet at week-8), age spot size (cheek at week-8), elasticity (crow's feet at week-8), skin texture (cheek at week-4), moisture content of corneocyte layer (cheek in 10 dry skin subjects at week-8) and corneocyte condition (cheek at week-8). It may suggest that astaxanthin derived from H. pluvialis can improve skin condition in all layers such as corneocyte layer, epidermis, basal layer and dermis by combining oral supplementation and topical treatment. Another was a randomized double-blind placebo controlled study involving 36 healthy male subjects for 6 weeks. Crow's feet wrinkle and elasticity; and transepidermal water loss (TEWL) were improved after 6 mg of astaxanthin (the same as former study) daily supplementation. Moisture content and sebum oil level at the cheek zone showed strong tendencies for improvement. These results suggest that astaxanthin derived from Haematococcus pluvialis may improve the skin condition in not only in women but also in men.

Synthesis of highly 13C enriched carotenoids: access to carotenoids enriched with 13C at any position and combination of positions

88%

Lugtenburg J., Dawadi P. B. S.

2012

vol. 59

issue 1

11-16

Carotenoids and their metabolites are essential factors for the maintenance of important life processes such as photosynthesis. Animals cannot synthesize carotenoids de novo, they must obtain them via their food. In order to make intensive animal husbandry possible and maintain human and animal health synthetic nature identical carotenoids are presently commercially available at the multi-tonnes scale per year. Synthetically accessible 13C enriched carotenoids are essential to apply isotope sensitive techniques to obtain information at the atomic level without perturbation about the role of carotenoids in photosynthesis, nutrition, vision, animal development, etc. Simple highly 13C enriched C1, C2 and C3 building blocks are commercially available via 99% 13CO. The synthetic routes for the preparation of the 13C enriched building blocks starting from the commercially available systems are discussed first. Then, how these building blocks are used for the synthesis of the various 13C enriched carotenoids and apocarotenoids are reviewed next. The synthetic Schemes that resulted in 13C enriched β-carotene, spheroidene, β-cryptoxanthin, canthaxanthin, astaxanthin, (3R,3'R)-zeaxanthin and (3R,3'R,6'R)-lutein are described. The Schemes that are reviewed can also be used to synthetically access any carotenoid and apocarotenoid in any 13C isotopically enriched form up to the unitarily enriched form.

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2 Acta Biochimica Polonica

2 2012

1 Dawadi P. B. S.

1 Hongo N.

1 Karato M.

1 Lugtenburg J.

1 Tominaga K.

1 Yamashita E.

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Cosmetic benefits of astaxanthin on humans subjects

Synthesis of highly 13C enriched carotenoids: access to carotenoids enriched with 13C at any position and combination of positions