Search results

1

Pediatric and adolescent bone-anchored implant. Skin changes and complications

100%

Wolfovitz A., Grobman A., Snapp H. A., Telischi F. F.

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vol. 10(1)

1-8

EN

Objective: To assess the contributing factors for development of skin changes and local complications in the pediatric and adolescent population who underwent bone-anchored implantation (BAI). Methods: Retrospective chart review of pediatric and adolescent patients (age 0–17 years) who underwent BAI for mixed hearing loss, conductive hearing loss, and single-sided deafness, at a tertiary care academic center. Demographic, clinical, implant type and surgical variables were collected and analyzed to identify their contribution to the development of skin changes and local complications. Results: Thirty-nine BAI surgeries were performed in 28 subjects during the review period. The mean age of implantation was 10.5 ± 3.4 years (5–16 years). Skin changes and local complications occurred in 61.5% (24/39) of BAIs performed. In total, 75% (18/24) were attributed to local complications, and 25% (6/24) to skin changes. Revision surgery was required in 41.0% (16/39) of cases. The mean age upon revision with either skin changes or local complications, local complications alone, and skin changes alone was 14.6 ± 3.3 years (7.25–19), 13.4 ± 4.0 years (7.3–17), and 16.1 ± 1.2 years (13.8–17) respectively with no difference between the groups. Among implants with skin changes and local complications the abutment survival was found to be 33.3% at 6.75 years following implantation. No significant difference of demographic and clinical factors was noted when looking at cases with and without skin changes and local complications. Higher rates of skin changes and local complications were noted in two-stage techniques, non-linear incision and the use of absorbable sutures. Conclusion: Fewer skin changes/local complications were observed with linear incision/punch technique, single stage, and non-absorbable skin sutures. Abutment survival with skin changes and local complications plateaus at 6.75 years following implantation. The potential need for revision surgery and longer abutment replacement during puberty, presumably when scalp soft tissue thickens, should be considered prior to initial implantation of younger children, with information given to their care givers

2

Adolescent Attitudes towards Sport Depending on School Level, Gender and School Sports Club Membership

100%

Tomik R.

Journal of Human Kinetics

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2008

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vol. 20

121-130

EN

The aim of the study was to evaluate adolescent attitudes towards different aspects of sport activities, in relation to school level, gender and membership in a school sports club (SSC).The Diagnostic Questionnaire for Testing Youth's Attitude towards Physical Education and Sport developed by Strzyżewski (1990) constituted the main research tool. The present paper analyzed responses to 11 selected questions, which reflect attitudes towards sport. Three aspects were studied (1) attitude towards sport as a social phenomenon, (2) attitude towards own participation in sports activities, and (3) attitude towards school sport. The survey was launched in 623 clubs, which were randomly selected from the database of the Polish Ministry of Sport. A total of 2704 correctly filled-in questionnaires were subjected to statistical analysis.Respondents demonstrated positive attitudes towards all three variables of interest. Non-SSC pupils/students were not different towards sport. Such situations were observed among girls from all school levels and only in a small part of the boys. However, based on the obtained results, it can be concluded that school level does not cause significant differences in adolescent attitudes towards sport (p=0.36). The attitudes are influenced by gender (attitude towards own participation in sports activities and attitude towards school sport - p<0.001) and participation in sports club activities (attitude towards sport as a social phenomenon, attitude towards own participation in sports activities, and attitude towards school sport - p<0.001).

3

The King is Naked – a very subjective look at child and adolescent psychiatry

100%

Wlazło A.

European Journal of Translational and Clinical Medicine

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2021

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vol. 4

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issue 2

7-9

EN

For quite some time now an increasing number of voices can be heard in the public space regarding the decline of child and adolescent psychiatry: shortage of specialists, shortage of hospital wards and permanently insufficient financial support of this branch of medicine. However, in all the media hum about this problem and in the debates about how to solve it. are we not losing sight of its essence?

4

Analysis of Body Posture Between Young Football Players and their Untrained Peers

100%

Grabara M.

Human Movement

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2012

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vol. 13

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issue 2

120-126

EN

Purpose. The aim of this study was to analyze the body posture of young football players and their untrained peers. Methods. A group of 73 football players and 78 untrained boys, all aged between 11 and 14 years, were studied by measuring body posture indices with computer posturography (the MORIE technique). Spinal angles and curvatures in the sagittal plane and body posture asymmetry in the frontal and transversal plane were measured. Body height and mass and BMI were also determined. Results. Compared to the untrained boys, the group of football players had lower BMI. The position of pelvis in the frontal plane was more symmetrical (p < 0.001) in football players, but the alignment of the remaining measured parameters was similar between the two groups except for the horizontal symmetry of the waist triangles (a higher incidence of symmetry in some ages groups of football players) and the horizontal symmetry of the shoulder blades (a higher incidence of asymmetry in some ages groups of football players). A postural symmetry index that was created for this study did not find any differentiation among the studied groups. The spinal alignment of the football players featured a more flattened lumbar lordosis. Conclusion. Previously conducted studies on the body posture of young athletes are still not ample and complete, while the results do not clearly indicate the development of posture when subjected to sports training.

5

Screen time, physical activity, dietary pattern and their interplay among adolescents

100%

Thakrar D., Tundia M.

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EN

Introduction Adolescence is marked as a critical period of human life because of the rapid physical and sexual growth. Technological advances in recent decades have increased the interaction of adolescents with screen-based technologies. The adolescents have the unhealthiest diets of all age groups, and most adolescents do not meet the national guidelines for physical activity. Objectives: To assess physical activity, dietary pattern and screen time among urban adolescents and to find out association of Screen Time with different variables. Methods A cross sectional study carried out in Udaipur, Rajasthan with prior permission from ethical committee. The study included 250 adolescents (10 to 19 years) selected by multistage sampling method. The Leisure Time Exercise Questionnaire of Godin and Shephard was used to find out weekly Physical Activity score. Eating habits were investigated using self-administered questionnaire in which we asked different questions about the food consumed by adolescents in a week. A Screen Time of ≥2 hours/ day was categorized as high sedentary behaviour, whereas a Screen Time <2 hours/ day was categorized as low sedentary behavior. Results In current study prevalence of High Screen Time and unhealthy diet was around 83% and 60% respectively. Around 25% had habit of taking breakfast regularly while less than 30% were taking meal without fail. Screen Time found to be associated significantly with physical activity p < 0.01, gender (p = 0.01) and diet p < 0.01. Conclusion Screen Time was found to be associated significantly with physical activity, gender and type of diet, whereas it has no role to play with phases of adolescence.

6

Nutritional Principles of Adolescent Swimmers

88%

Ferens K., Przeliorz-Pyszczek A.

Central European Journal of Sport Sciences and Medicine

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2019

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vol. 25

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issue 1

51-61

EN

Adolescence is a period between age 10 and 19. Intensive changes associated with the development of the organism influence the nutritional needs during this period. Young swimmers’ training is characterized by large volume, so their diet can play an important role in their results and future career. The energy intake of a developing athlete should be determined individually based on gender, anthropometric measurement, character, and number of workouts per day. The frequent presence of drowsiness and fatigue during training may indicate insufficient dietary energy supply. Dehydration exceeding 2% of body weight should be prevented. Isotonic drinks should only be consumed during training longer than 75 minutes. Young swimmers should consume adequate amounts of carbohydrates to restore glycogen reserves before another training unit. Carbohydrates with a high glycemic index of 1-1.2 g/kg b.w./h should be delivered during the post-training period. Immediately following training, a meal containing a complete protein should be consumed to accelerate post-exercise recovery. The total protein supply should be at least 1.2 g/kg b.w./h. The minimum intake of fat in the diet of a young swimmer should be 2 g/kg lean b.w. It is recommended to limit products containing large amounts of saturated fatty acids.

7

Morphological characteristics of young elite paddlers

88%

Alacid F., Marfell-Jones M., López-Miñarro P., Martínez I., Muyor J.

Journal of Human Kinetics

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2011

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vol. 27

95-110

EN

The aims of this study were to describe kinanthropometric characteristics of elite male and female young paddlers and to compare their proportionality with Olympic paddlers. One hundred and eighty seven young elite sprint paddlers (124 males and 63 females), aged 13 and 14 years, were assessed using a battery of 31 anthropometric dimensions. Somatotypes, Phantom Z-scores and corrected girths were calculated. Comparison between the 13 and 14 year old paddlers showed that 14 year old males had greater height, body weight, sitting height, arm span and upper body lengths, breadths and girths than their 13 year old counterparts, whereas 14 year old female paddlers only differed significantly from the 13 year olds in biacromial breadth and corrected arm girth. Mean somatotypes of male paddlers were best described as balanced mesomorphs, while female paddlers were centrals. Olympic paddlers had higher proportional dimensions in upper body girths, and biacromial breadth in both genders. The data provided in this study could be used as a guideline for talent identification in sprint canoeing and kayaking.

8

SOCIO-DEMOGRAPHIC DETERMINANTS OF LEISURE TIME PHYSICAL INACTIVITY OF ADOLESCENTS FROM THE VOIVODESHIPS OF CENTRAL POLAND

88%

Biernat E., Lubowiecki-Vikuk A.

Central European Journal of Sport Sciences and Medicine

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2017

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vol. 17

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issue 1

41-50

EN

The aim of the study is to assess the physical leisure time activity among the students of grade I–III of junior high school (aged 13–16) – during the school year and holidays – and identify possible causal factors of physical inactivity in this social group. The relationship between participation in sport for all during the school year (regular, periodic, sporadic) and during holidays (physically active/passive) and socio-demographic variables characterizing the structure was analyzed using the Chi 2 test. The relationship between respondents inactivity and those traits was assessed using log-linear analysis. The higher the grade (especially among girls), the more physically inactive individuals, the number of which grew during the school year as well as during holidays. The risk factors for inactivity included high BMI, living in the countryside and female sex. In case of girls (76.3%) the risk of inactivity increased by almost 1.4 times, as it did (OR = 0.75) with regard to living in rural areas (76.4%). The chance of being active increases more than 3-fold among those with normal BMI (28.0%) and the underweight (29.9%). Adolescents’ inactivity (increasing along with the grade pupils are in) points to the shortcomings of Polish process of education and an urgent need for system-based approach to promote active lifestyle in this social group.

9

Wartości, style przywiązania i samoocena a materializm nastolatków

88%

Lewandowska-Walter A., Zawadzka A. M.

Polskie Forum Psychologiczne

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2016

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vol. XXI

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issue 3

394-409

PL

Zgodnie z opracowanymi dotychczas modelami aspiracji materialistycznych, do ich rozwoju przyczynia się niski poziom poczucia bezpieczeństwa, który jest konsekwencją ekspozycji na wartości materialistyczne, jak również braku zaspokojenia podstawowych potrzeb psychologicznych (poczucia kompetencji, samoakceptacja, dobre relacje z innymi). Celem prezentowanego badania jest weryfikacja dwóch modeli, poprzez które poszukiwano roli samooceny jako mediatora: 1) preferowanych wartości i 2) związku stylów przywiązania z aspiracjami materialistycznymi nastolatków. W badaniu wzięło udział 169 adolescentów, których średnia wieku wyniosła 16,95 lat (SD = 0,69). Wykorzystano następujące narzędzia badawcze: Skale materializmu młodzieży (YMS) i Skale samooceny Rosen- berga (SES) oraz Portretowy kwestionariusz wartości (PVQ) (model 1) Kwestionariusz Oceny Relacji dla Adolescentów (A-RSQ) (model 2). Wyniki badań własnych (model 1) potwierdzają dotychczas uzyskiwane rezultaty dotyczące związku materializmu z cenieniem wartości z obszaru umacniania ja, jedynie jednak w zakresie wartości władzy. Uzyskany w modelu 2 wynik wskazuje, że z czterech badanych stylów przywiązania, tylko styl zaabsorbowany odpowiada bezpośrednio za obniżenie samooceny i wzrost poziomu aspiracji materialistycznych nastolatków, co potwierdza dotychczas opisywane przyczyny materializmu, ale i doprecyzowuje funkcjonowanie tego mechanizmu w okresie adolescencji.

10

Anaerobic Power across Adolescence in Soccer Players

88%

Nikolaïdis P.

Human Movement

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2011

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vol. 12

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issue 4

342-347

EN

Purpose. Although the contribution of anaerobic power in soccer performance is recognized, this component of physical fitness is not well-studied in adolescent players. The aim of this study is to investigate the development of anaerobic power across adolescence in a laboratory setting. Methods. Male adolescents (N = 217; aged 12.01-20.98 y), classified into nine one-year age-groups, and adult players (as the control group, N = 29; aged 21.01-31.59 y), who were all members of competitive soccer clubs, performed the 30-s Wingate anaerobic test (WAnT) against a braking force of 0.075 Kg · Kg-1 of body mass. Results. Compared with previous age-matched studies on the general population, the participants exhibited superior WAnT scores. The Pearson moment correlation coefficient between age and peak power (Ppeak) was r = 0.71 (p < 0.001) and between age and mean power (Pmean) r = 0.75 (p < 0.001). Even when body mass or fat free mass was taken into account, the effect of age on these parameters remained (0.51 < r < 0.55, p < 0.001). One-way analysis of variance revealed differences in anaerobic power between the age groups across adolescence (p < 0.001), with the adult and age groups in the higher spectrum of adolescence performing better than those in the lower spectrum, supporting the aforementioned findings. Conclusions. We confirmed the importance of short-term power in adolescent soccer players, as well as the strong association between this sport-related physical fitness parameter and body mass and fat free mass (0.89 < r < 0.94, p < 0.001). However, what is novel is that we demonstrated that age effect on Ppeak and Pmean remained even when body mass and fat free mass were factored out.

11

Oczopląs – żart czy objaw patologiczny (opis przypadku pacjentki z oczopląsem umyślnym)

75%

Zawadzka M., Szymarek J., Matheisel A., Lemska A., Modrzejewska S., Trybała E., Mazurkiewicz-Bełdzińska M.

Neurologia Dziecięca

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2019

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vol. 28

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issue 56

55-56

EN

Voluntary nystagmus is a pendular, rapid, primarily horizontal oscillation of the eyes, without a slow phase, often initiated and maintained by voluntary effort, its duration limited by fatigue. We present a case of 13-year old girl with nystagmus, severe headache and nausea. On examination the subject’s eyes moved normally, but during fixation at near point horizontal nystagmus was observed and the girl complained about blurred vision. Otherwise, opthalmological examination and brain MRI revealed no abnormalities. Close observation of the girl proved that she can produce nystagmus voluntarily. Voluntary nystagmus should be considered in every individual case of patients diagnosed with isolated, intermittent nystagmus, especially of those without ophthalmologically or neurologically pathologic findings.

PL

Oczopląs umyślny (ang. voluntary nystagmus) to wahadłowe, szybkie, poziome oscylacje gałek ocznych, bez fazy wolnej, inicjowane i utrzymywane przez pacjenta świadomie. Czas trwania tych oscylacji jest ograniczony zmęczeniem pacjenta. Przedstawiamy przypadek 13-letniejdziewczynki z oczopląsem, silnym bólem głowy i nudnościami. Podczas badania neurologicznego, w trakcie fiksacji stwierdzono oczopląs poziomy, dziewczyna skarżyła się również na zaburzenia widzenia pod postacią zamazanego obrazu. W badaniach dodatkowych (badanie okulistyczne, rezonans magnetyczny mózgowia) nie stwierdzono nieprawidłowości. Dokładna obserwacja pacjentki udowodniła, że dziewczynka świadomie demonstruje oczopląs. Umyślny oczopląs należy rozważyć w każdym przypadku, w którym zdiagnozowano przerywany, izolowany oczopląs, szczególnie w sytuacji gdy nie stwierdzono zmian okulistycznych lub innych objawów neurologicznych.

12

Prevalence of body shape concerns and associated factors among brazilian early adolescents

75%

Martins C. R., Carraça E., Teixeira P. J., Silva A. M., Petroski E. L. P.

Human Movement

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2014

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vol. 15

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issue 1

12-20

EN

Purpose. The objective of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of body shape concerns and associated factors among Brazilian early adolescents. Methods. This was a school-based cross-sectional epidemiological study conducted with 526 girls between 11 and 14 years enrolled in thirteen public schools in Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil. The Body Shape Questionnaire and Eating Attitude Test (EAT-26) was administered. Sociodemographic variables (age group, household head education, and socioeconomic status), sexual maturation (pubic hair growth, breast development, and menarche) and percentage of body fat (%BF) were collected. Analyses were conducted using Poisson regression and a confidence level of 95%. Results. The prevalence of body shape concerns was 24.1% (95% confidence interval - CI: 17.5-30.7). Adolescent girls aged 13-14 years (prevalence ratio - PR = 1.07, 95% CI: 1.03-1.11; p = 0.02), with very high (PR = 1.52, 95% CI: 1.21-1.90; p = 0.004) and high %BF (PR = 1.25, 95% CI: 1.18-1.32; p = 0.004), and those girls showing risk behaviors for anorexia and bulimia (PR = 1.37, 95% CI: 1.19-1.59; p = 0.01) were more concerned with their body image. Conclusions. The prevalence of body shape concerns among Brazilian girls was considerable and was associated with age, %BF, and risk behaviors for anorexia and bulimia. This study highlights the importance of screening for body image concerns in schools, preventing the adoption of unhealthy body weight ideals, and the development of excessive body shape concerns in this population.

13

Wpływ omdlenia u młodocianych na stężenie białka tau w surowicy krwi

75%

Szydłowski L., Matuszek I., Nowakowska E., Morka A., Mazurek B., Wites M., Kohut J., Jędrzejowska-Szypułka H.

Pediatria i Medycyna Rodzinna

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2016

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vol. 12

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issue 2

157-163

EN

According to the new (2009) definition, sudden, reversible, short-lasting and spontaneously resolving loss of consciousness associated with a transient, global decrease in cerebral blood flow occurs during syncope. Syncope-associated cerebral ischaemia lasts from a few to several seconds. Near infrared spectroscopy reveals decreased oxygenated haemoglobin and increased reduced haemoglobin levels. If cerebral ischaemia is due to stroke, blood–brain barrier damage and tau protein diffusion into the cerebrospinal fluid occur. Cerebrospinal fluid tau levels can be both, a useful biomarker in the assessment of ischaemic extent and a prognostic factor. The aim of the study was to evaluate whether there is an increase in serum tau protein levels during syncope, which could correspond to a stroke model of brain injury. Material and methods: The study group included 32 patients, and the control group included 38 patients (mean age for both groups was 15 years). Syncope was induced by tilt table testing. The test was performed according to the Westminster protocol. Three blood samples were collected (at baseline as well as 6 and 24 hours afterwards) to measure tau levels. Results: No differences in tau levels were demonstrated between the study group and controls (p > 0.05). Conclusions: The extent of brain injury in adolescents with syncope is insufficient to induce significantly increased serum tau levels. However, the study should be continued to assess the levels of this marker in different types of syncope.

PL

Według nowej definicji z 2009 roku w trakcie omdlenia dochodzi do nagłej, odwracalnej, krótkotrwałej i ustępującej samoistnie utraty przytomności, związanej z chwilowym uogólnionym zmniejszeniem przepływu krwi przez mózg. W czasie omdlenia niedokrwienie mózgu trwa od kilku do kilkunastu sekund. Za pomocą spektroskopii w bliskiej podczerwieni można wykazać wówczas obniżenie zawartości hemoglobiny utlenowanej i wzrost hemoglobiny zredukowanej. Jeżeli przyczyną niedokrwienia jest udar mózgu, wówczas dochodzi do uszkodzenia bariery krew–mózg i przedostania się białka tau do płynu mózgowo-rdzeniowego, którego stężenie może być przydatnym markerem oceny rozległości ogniska niedokrwienia oraz stanowić czynnik rokowniczy. Celem badań była analiza, czy w czasie omdlenia dochodzi do wzrostu stężenia białka tau w surowicy, co mogłoby odpowiadać modelowi uszkodzenia mózgu obserwowanego podczas udaru. Materiał i metody: Grupa badana liczyła 32, a kontrolna 38 pacjentów (średnia wieku w obydwu grupach wynosiła 15 lat). Omdlenie wywoływano za pomocą stołu pionizacyjnego (tilt test). Test przeprowadzono według protokołu westminsterskiego. Pobierano trzy próbki krwi: wyjściową, a następnie po 6 i 24 godzinach, oznaczając w nich stężenie białka tau. Wyniki: Nie wykazano różnic w stężeniu białka tau w grupie badanej w porównaniu z grupą kontrolną (p > 0,05). Wnioski: U młodzieży z omdleniami nie dochodzi do uszkodzenia mózgu w takim zakresie, aby wzrosło znamiennie stężenie białka tau w surowicy. Podjęte badania wymagają jednak kontynuacji w celu oceny stężenia tego markera w poszczególnych typach omdleń.

14

Czynniki ryzyka i konsekwencje doświadczania przemocy fizycznej wśród młodzieży

63%

Gmitrowicz A., Lewandowska A.

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issue 4

192-203

EN

The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of consequences of experience of physical violence in school-age adolescents and analysis of selected risk factors in victims of physical violence in the study population. Over the school year 2006/2007, we performed an anonymous questionnaire-based study among adolescents attending randomly selected secondary schools in Łódź, Poland (N=1445; thereof 62% were males). The questionnaire included closed questions addressing responders’ family structure, academic performance, legal status, abuse of psychoactive substances, level of self-esteem, emotional disturbances including deliberate self-harm and suicidal ideas. Experience of physical violence was defined according to selected criteria concerning response to severe stress (F43 acc. to ICD-10), i.e. experience of direct mental or other conse-quences for at least one hour. Over 1/5 of adolescents included in the study have experienced physical violence at least once in their life. Institutionalised persons have experienced physical violence most often and those brought up in incomplete families. In the study population, most frequent direct consequences of exposure to physical violence were anger and aggression. As compared with their peers who have not experienced physical violence, adolescents who have had such experiences significantly more often reported feelings of lack of control, anxiety, sadness, truancy, escapes, consumption of alcohol and abuse of psychoactive substances. In this population, elevated risk of experiencing physical violence was associated with outbreaks of anger, male gender and experience of mental violence and deliberate self-harm. Furthermore, a correlation was found between experience of physical violence and pathological phenomena in the responders’ family, e.g. mental disorders, abuse of psychoactive substances, suicidal attempts and deliberate self-harm.

PL

Celem badań była ocena występowania następstw doznania przemocy fizycznej wśród młodzieży szkolnej, a także analiza wybranych czynników ryzyka u ofiar przemocy fizycznej w badanej populacji. W roku szkolnym 2006/2007 przeprowadzono anonimowe badania ankietowe uczniów w wybranych losowo szkołach ponadpodstawowych w Łodzi (N=1445; w tym 62% chłopców). Ankieta zawierała pytania zamknięte nt.: sytuacji rodzinnej, szkolnej, prawnej, używania substancji psychoaktywnych, poziomu zadowolenia z siebie, obecności zaburzeń emocjonalnych, w tym samouszkodzeń i myśli samobójczych. Jako doświadczenie przemocy fizycznej (DPF) przyjęto spełnienie wybranych kryteriów reakcji na ciężki stres (F43 według ICD-10), czyli odczuwanie bezpośrednich następstw psychicznych lub innych przez co najmniej 1 godzinę. Ponad 1/5 badanych uczniów doświadczyła co najmniej raz w życiu przemocy fizycznej. Najczęściej doświadczali jej uczniowie mieszkający w placówkach lub z jednym rodzicem. Bezpośrednimi następstwami doświadczania przemocy fizycznej (DPF) u badanych były najczęściej gniew oraz agresja. Uczniowie, którzy doświadczyli przemocy fizycznej, istotnie częściej w porównaniu z uczniami bez DPF skarżyli się na brak kontroli, lęk, smutek oraz potwierdzali wagarowanie, ucieczki, picie alkoholu, używanie substancji psychoaktywnych (SPA). Wysokie ryzyko PDF dotyczyło przede wszystkim reprezentantów płci męskiej, było powiązane z występowaniem u uczniów wybuchów złości, a następnie z doświadczaniem przez nich przemocy psychicznej oraz dokonywaniem samouszkodzeń. Ponadto stwierdzono związek między DPF a występowaniem zjawisk patologicznych w rodzinie, tj. z zaburzeniami psychicznymi, nadużywaniem SPA, próbami samobójczymi, samouszkodzeniami.

15

Nasilenie agresji i poczucie kontroli u samouszkadzającej się młodzieży leczonej psychiatrycznie

63%

Gmitrowicz A., Warzocha D., Kropiwnicki P.

Psychiatria i Psychologia Kliniczna

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2011

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vol. 11

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issue 4

214-223

EN

Acts of autoaggression are a more and more frequent reason for psychiatric hospitalisation of adolescents. Within the last years the number of patients committing acts of deliberate self‑harm without suicidal intensions almost doubled. Deliberate self‑harm (DSH) is defined as an act of direct destructiveness, in which a person wants to commit self‑harm immediately, without an intention of killing her/himself. In this paper we present the results of the study on the level and direction of aggression and the sense of control among inpatients (N=187) of the Department of Adolescent Psychiatry, Central University Hospital in Łódź. The studied group consisted of patients with deliberate self‑harm (DSH group, N=88), whereas the control group comprised the patients without such behaviours (non‑DSH group, N=99). For the studywe recruited patients who were admitted to the hospital due to various mental disorders – 58 boys, mean age 16.81, SD=1.25, and 129 girls, mean age 16.5, SD=1.38. The mean age of all patients was 16.59 (SD=1.35). Patients with mental retardation were excluded from the study, due to expected difficulties with understanding the questions. We used the IPSA (Inventory of Psychological Syndrome of Aggression) and “Delta” (test invented by Drwal, designed for evaluation of the sense of control). In the DSH group we found a significantly higher level of aggression, directed both inwards and outwards, a greater tendency of retaliatory behaviours and by far lower sense of internal control of one’s behaviours, as compared to the non‑DSH group. Therapeutic programs for patients with DSH should aim at the reduction of aggression and the development of internal control over one’s behaviours.

PL

Zachowania autoagresywne coraz częściej stają się przyczyną hospitalizacji młodzieży na oddziałach psychiatrycznych. W ostatnich latach odnotowano prawie dwukrotny wzrost liczby pacjentów dokonujących zamierzonych samouszkodzeń bez intencji samobójczych. Zamierzone samouszkodzenia (ZSU) są definiowane jako akty bezpośredniej autodestruktywności, w których jednostka zmierza do wyrządzenia sobie natychmiastowej szkody, bez zamiaru samobójczego. W pracy przedstawiono wyniki badania przeprowadzonego wśród młodzieży (N=187) hospitalizowanej na Oddziale Psychiatrii Młodzieżowej Centralnego Szpitala Klinicznego UM w Łodzi, którego celem było porównanie nasilenia agresji, jej ukierunkowania oraz umiejscowienia kontroli w 2 wyodrębnionych grupach pacjentów – dokonujących ZSU (N=88) i bez tych zachowań (N=99). Do badania byli rekrutowani pacjenci kolejno przyjmowani na oddział z różnymi zaburzeniami psychicznymi. Wśród badanych było 58 chłopców (średnia wieku: 16,81 roku; SD=1,25) i 129 dziewcząt (średnia wieku: 16,5 roku; SD=1,38). Średnia wieku wszystkich pacjentów wynosiła 16,59 roku (SD=1,35). Z badań wykluczono pacjentów z rozpoznaniem upośledzenia umysłowego, ze względu na ich trudności w zrozumieniu pytań zawartych w narzędziach badawczych. Do badania wykorzystano kwestionariusze IPSA (Inwentarz Psychologicznego Syndromu Agresji) i „Delta” (Test Drwala do pomiaru nasilenia poczucia kontroli). W grupie pacjentów dokonujących ZSU stwierdzono istotnie wyższy poziom agresji, skierowanej zarówno na siebie, jak i na zewnątrz, wyższą skłonność do zachowań odwetowych i znacznie mniejsze poczucie wewnętrznej kontroli własnych zachowań niż w grupie bez tych zachowań. Program terapii dla pacjentów z ZSU powinien być nakierowany na redukcję poziomu agresji i rozwój kompetencji pod postacią kontroli wewnętrznej swoich zachowań.

16

Stężenie białka S100B w surowicy krwi u młodzieży z omdleniami

63%

Szydłowski L., Matuszek I., Nowakowska E., Morka A., Jędrzejowska-Szypułka H.

Pediatria i Medycyna Rodzinna

|

2016

|

vol. 12

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issue 1

69-76

EN

Introduction: Children and adolescents with syncope are frequent patients in a general practitioner’s or paediatrician’s office. Syncope is a sudden, reversible, short and spontaneously resolving loss of consciousness associated with transient global cerebral hypoperfusion. The pattern of metabolic and clinical disorders resulting from brain ischaemia has been well described in patients with cerebral stroke. Due to brain ischaemia during stroke, the blood–brain barrier is broken down, which results in the appearance of S100B protein in the cerebrospinal fluid. Its concentration increases with increasing extent of ischaemia. The aim of the study was to assess whether adolescents with syncope present elevated serum S100B protein concentrations. Material and methods: The analysis involved 70 adolescents at 14–18 years of age (average age: 15.5), including 32 syncope patients and 38 controls. The basic diagnostic test was a tilt test performed in accordance with the Westminster protocol. S100B assay was conducted by collecting blood samples directly before a tilt test as well as 6 and 24 hours afterwards. Results: There were no differences between patients and controls in S100B levels at baseline and after 6 and 24 hours. Conclusions: The results of the study do not confirm the hypothesis that during syncope in adolescents, the brain tissue becomes damaged, which would be indicated by elevated serum S100B protein level. This research project requires continuation, and further analyses should be conducted taking into account various types of syncope, particularly the cardioinhibitory one, during which cardiac asystole of 3–15 seconds (or even longer) is observed.

PL

Wprowadzenie: Dzieci i młodociani z omdleniami są częstymi pacjentami w poradni lekarza rodzinnego lub pediatry w podstawowej opiece zdrowotnej. W czasie omdlenia dochodzi do nagłej, odwracalnej, krótkotrwałej i ustępującej samoistnie utraty przytomności, związanej z chwilowym zmniejszeniem przepływu krwi przez mózg. Model zaburzeń metabolicznych i klinicznych w wyniku niedokrwienia mózgu został dobrze opracowany u chorych z udarem mózgu. Z powodu niedotlenienia podczas udaru dochodzi do rozszczelnienia bariery krew–mózg, w wyniku czego w płynie mózgowo-rdzeniowym pojawia się białko S100B, którego stężenie wzrasta wraz z rozległością obszaru uszkodzenia. Celem badań była ocena, czy u młodocianych z omdleniami dochodzi do podwyższenia stężenia białka S100B w surowicy krwi. Materiał i metody: Analizą objęto 70 młodocianych w wieku 14–18 lat (średnia 15,5 roku), w tym 32 z omdleniami oraz 38 z grupy kontrolnej. Zasadniczym badaniem diagnostycznym był test pochyleniowy (tilt test), przeprowadzany według protokołu westminsterskiego. W celu oznaczenia stężenia białka S100B krew pobierana była tuż przed tilt testem, po 6 oraz 24 godzinach od badania wyjściowego. Wyniki: Nie stwierdzono różnic w stężeniu białka S100B w pomiarze wyjściowym, po 6 i 24 godzinach w grupie badanej w porównaniu z grupą kontrolną. Wnioski: Otrzymane wyniki nie potwierdzają hipotezy, że u młodocianych w trakcie omdlenia dochodzi do uszkodzenia tkanki mózgowej, wyrazem czego miałoby być podwyższenie stężenia białka S100B w surowicy. Projekt badawczy wymaga kontynuacji i przeprowadzenia analizy z uwzględnieniem różnych typów omdleń, szczególnie kardiodepresyjnych, podczas których następuje asystolia serca trwająca 3–15 sekund, a nawet dłużej.

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