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Ultrafiltration of oil-in-water emulsion by using ceramic membrane: Taguchi experimental design approach

100%
Milić J., Petrinić I., Goršek A., Simonič M.
Open Chemistry
|
2014
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vol. 12
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issue 2
242-249
EN
In this study, a Taguchi experimental design methodology was used to determine the importance of process parameters influencing the ultrafiltration (UF) of oil-in-water emulsions. Four parameters including pH (5–11), oil concentration (φ) (0.5–3% (v/v)), temperature (T) (25–45°C) and trans-membrane pressure (TMP) (1–5 bar) were studied at three levels. The highest flux was used as optimization criterion. In order to reduce the number of experiments, a Taguchi method was applied. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to determine the most significant parameters affecting the optimization criterion. Filtration experiments were performed in a cross-flow operation at a total recycle condition in a laboratory-scale plant. The ceramic UF membrane with a pore size of 50 nm was employed in a tubular module with an active area of 0,418 m2. We used water-soluble cutting oil mixed with water as a model oil-in-water emulsion. During the experiment, the drop size and zeta potential distributions were evaluated. The optimum conditions for UF providing the highest flux were found at TMP = 5 bar, pH = 7, and φ = 0.5 v/v%. The pH of emulsion had the highest impact on COD retention. The results of this study could be used as a guideline for operating UF systems with ceramic membranes at optimal conditions.
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Treatment of soy bean process water using hybrid processes

88%
Pauer V., Csefalvay E., Mizsey P.
Open Chemistry
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2013
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vol. 11
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issue 1
46-56
EN
The soy bean process water that is a by-product of soy processing technology can be utilized with a hybrid separation system recommended and investigated in this work. The aims of the soy bean water processing are to i.) concentrate the valuable components of the soy process water and ii.) reuse its water content. Two hybrid separation systems are considered and investigated: ultrafiltration followed by nanofiltration and centrifugal separation followed by nanofiltration. These hybrid separation systems are new in the area of their current application. Experiments verify that centrifugal separation is a more appropriate pre-treatment method for the removal of suspended solids and for the preservation of the sucrose content of the soy bean process water than ultrafiltration. Total sucrose can be rejected by nanofiltration membrane forming a sugar-rich retentate that contains other valuable components, too. Both tested hybrid processes result in clear and reusable permeates with low chemical oxygen demand that can be recycled to the production process reducing its water consumption and improving its sustainability. The recommended new hybrid separation system, centrifugal separation followed by nanofiltration, proves to be successful in this area of the biochemical industry.
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Makroprolaktyna - występowanie, metody diagnostyczne i znaczenie kliniczne

51%
Beda K., Winczyk K.
Folia Medica Lodziensia
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2009
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vol. 36
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issue 2
87-110
EN
Macroprolactin (MaPRL) is a high molecular mass variant of prolactin (PRL), which usually consists of a monomeric PRL and an immunoglobulin G molecule. This form does not show any significant biological activity, however it retains immunoreactivity. Therefore, MaPRL induces increase in hormone concentration in laboratory tests, which results in many diagnostic and therapeutic mistakes. Most of immunoassays do not distinguish between monomeric PRL and MaPRL, therefore performing additional tests that could detect macroprolactin is suggested. This review presents different methods of MaPRL detection and their usefulness in standard laboratory practice. Moreover, data from the literature concerning the role of macroprolactinaemia in clinical practice are discussed.
PL
Makroprolaktyna (MaPRL) jest wielkocząsteczkową formą prolaktyny (PRL) zbudowaną zazwyczaj z monomerycznej PRL i cząsteczki immunoglobuliny G. Nie posiada istotnej aktywności biologicznej, ale z powodu zachowanej immunoreaktywności powoduje wzrost stężenia hormonu we krwi i u osób z hiperprolaktynemią jest przyczyną wielu pomyłek diagnostycznoterapeutycznych. Większość zestawów do oznaczeń PRL nie rozróżnia monomerycznej od wielkocząsteczkowej postaci hormonu, więc wskazane jest wykonywanie dodatkowych testów wykrywających MaPRL. W pracy omówiono różne techniki identyfikacji MaPRL i ich przydatność w codziennej diagnostyce laboratoryjnej, a także przedstawiono dane literaturowe dotyczące znaczenia makroprolaktynemii w praktyce klinicznej.
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