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The need of neuroinformatic approach in functional neurophysiology

100%

Wrobel A.

Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis

2005

vol. 65

issue 3

421-423

Despite the enormous growth in the number of facts and regularities observed in neuroscience, the current state of the field does not allow their integration in coherent theoretical frameworks. Neuroinformatics is a new research field devoted to development of neuroscience data bases together with computational models and analytical tools for sharing, integration and analysis of experimental data and the advancement of theories of nervous system function. From 1996 the OECD countries promote fostering neuroinformatics by eliminating the barriers that prevent cooperation and by providing incentives to potential participants. This activity was formulated in the Report on Neuroinformatics from The Global Science Forum Neuroinformatics Working Group of the OECD (2002) as well as in several printed publications by the Neuroinformatics group (Amari et al. 2002, Eckersley et al. 2003). This article summarizes the ideas presented in the Report and stresses the importance of analytical and modeling approach to functional neurophysiology.

The role of the thalamic reticular neurons in alpha- and gamma-oscillations in neocortex: a mechanism for selective perception and stimulus binding

80%

Skinner J. E., Molnar M., Kowalik Z. J.

Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis

2000

vol. 60

issue 1

123-142

The long-term objective is to understand how large masses of neurons in the brain process information during various learning and memory paradigms. Both time- and space-dependent processes have been identified in animals through computer-based analytic quantifications of event-related extracellular potentials. New nonlinear analyses have been introduced that presume that the fine-grain variation in the signal is determined and patterned in phase-space. Some neurons in the primary visual cortex manifest gamma-band oscillations. These cells show both a nonspecific phase-alignment (response synchrony) and a specific tuning (orientation tuning) when stimuli are presented to their receptive fields. This dual regulation of the sensory cells is proposed to underlie stimulus binding, a theoretical mechanism for 'object' perception. Nonlinear analytic results from gamma-activities in a simple model neuropil (olfactory bulb) suggest that neuroplasticity may arise through self-organization, a process in which a nonlinear change in the dynamics of the oscillatory field potentials is the hallmark. This self-organization may follow simple dynamical laws in which global cooperativity among the neurons is transiently brought about that, over trials, results in enduring changes in the nonlinear dynamics of some neurons. In conclusion, the sculpturing of the synaptic throughput in the sensory cortex (stimulus binding) may be associated with the irregular phases of the gamma-activities and may result from both specific and nonspecific systems operating together in a nonlinear self-organizing manner.

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2 Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis

1 2005

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1 Kowalik Z. J.

1 Molnar M.

1 Skinner J. E.

1 Wrobel A.

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The need of neuroinformatic approach in functional neurophysiology

The role of the thalamic reticular neurons in alpha- and gamma-oscillations in neocortex: a mechanism for selective perception and stimulus binding