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EN
Ion-imprinted polymers (IIPs) are created based on enzyme phenomenon, where these polymers exhibit selective recognition of metal ions in the presence of matrix ions. For that reason IIPs find many applications in sensors, solid phase extraction and membrane separation of metal ions. This review focuses on the synthesis, characterization and application of IIPs.
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EN
The heterogeneous isomerization of α-pinene was studied at 100, 130 and 160°C using 10% supported H4SiW12O40 (SiW) on SiO2, TiO2 and HZSM-5. The effect of the reaction temperature and the concentration of the catalyst over the conversion of α-pinene and the selectivity of camphene, limonene and terpinolene had been monitored. The recovery, reuse and leaching effect of the catalysts were studied. Simple, environmentally friendly and economic methods for the synthesis of camphene and limonene were developed and optimized. [...]
Open Chemistry
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2012
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vol. 10
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issue 3
844-875
EN
A theory of comprehensive two-dimensional separations by liquid chromatographic techniques is overviewed. It includes heart-cutting and comprehensive two-dimensional separation modes, with attention to basic concepts of two-dimensional separations: resolution, peak capacity, efficiency, orthogonality and selectivity. Particular attention is paid to the effects of sample structure on the retention and advantages of a multi-dimensional HPLC for separation of complex samples according to structural correlations. Optimization of 2D separation systems, including correct selection of columns, flow-rate, fraction volumes and mobile phase, is discussed. Benefits of simultaneous programmed elution in both dimensions of LCxLC comprehensive separations are shown. Experimental setup, modulation of the fraction collection and transfer from the first to the second dimension, compatibility of mobile phases in comprehensive LCxLC, 2D asymmetry and shifts in retention under changing second-dimension elution conditions, are addressed. Illustrative practical examples of comprehensive LCxLC separations are shown.
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