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Influence of land development on heavy metal forms in the Bobrza River ecosystem (Świętokrzyskie Province, Poland)

100%
Rabajczyk A.
Open Chemistry
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2011
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vol. 9
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issue 2
326-336
EN
Metals are perceived as pollutants but they are also natural substances found in the environment. The surface water environment is under the influence of continuing industrial pollution/effluents. Therefore it is necessary to determine various metal forms present in each component of the water ecosystem. The study presents analysis for Cd, Cu, Cr, Fe, Mn, Ni, Zn and Pb content in the Bobrza River bottom deposits and water. The analysis of water and sediment samples from the Bobrza River taken from the littoral zone at three sampling points: the riverhead, i.e. the natural environment; Białogon - the acidic environment; and Sitkówka-Nowiny - the alkaline environment, were analyzed. Sample quality indicators were defined with pH value, conductivity, heavy metal content for water and suspended matter samples. The metal forms in river sediment were also analyzed. The sediment samples were subjected to Tessier’s five-stage sequential extraction procedure assisted by microwave radiation. Analyte concentration in water samples and in the extracts was determined with the use of F-AAS and GF-AAS techniques. The results obtained reveal a relationship between land development, the degree of metal bonding with suspended matter and metal forms found in river sediments.
2
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Assessment of elemental contamination in the bottom sediments from a dam reservoir using a sequential extraction technique and chemometric analysis

100%
Dabioch M., Kita A., Zerzucha P., Pytlakowska K.
Open Chemistry
|
2013
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vol. 11
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issue 12
1981-1995
EN
The concentration of elements in sediments is an important aspect of the quality of water ecosystems. The element concentrations in bottom sediments from Goczalkowice Reservoir, Poland, were investigated to determine the levels, accumulation and distribution of elements; to understand the contamination and potential toxicity of elements; and to trace the possible source of pollution. Sediments were collected from 8 sampling points. The functional speciation, mobility and bioavailability of elements were evaluated by means of modified Tessier sequential extraction. The element contents were measured by optical emission spectrometry with inductively coupled plasma. The experimental results were analyzed using chemometric methods such as principal component analysis and cluster analysis to elucidate the metal distributions, correlations and associations. The highest concentrations of most elements were found at the center of the reservoir. The distribution of metals in the individual fractions was varied. To assess the extent of anthropogenic impact indices, contamination factor, degree of contamination, metal pollution index and risk assessment code were applied. The calculated factors showed the highest contamination factor and the ability of chromium to be released from sediments. The degree of contamination showed that the area is characterized by a very high contamination. Strontium and manganese showed high potential ecological risk for sediments. [...]
3
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Distribution and Source Fingerprinting of Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons in Sediments of the River Niger at Okpu and Iyiowa-Odekpe Axes in South-Eastern, Nigeria

86%
Chokor A. A.
World News of Natural Sciences
|
2022
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vol. 42
151-168
EN
The assessment of total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) status as well as the aliphatic profiles of sediments from the Okpu and Iyiowa-Odekpe segments of the River Niger in South-Eastern Nigeria was conducted during the year 2021 – 2022. Composites samples taken from sediments at five (5) different locations (ST-A, ST-B, ST-C, ST-D, & ST-E) for the months of June, September, December, and February, were extracted with dichloromethane (DCM) using soxhlet extractor followed by a silica gel clean up and fractionation into aliphatic and aromatic fractions. Analysis of aliphatic fraction (Total Aliphatic Hydrocarbons –TAH - and aliphatic components) were done with gas chromatography-flame ionization detector (GC-FID); while the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were determined with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The summations of TAHs and PAHs gave the TPHs concentrations that ranged from 108.04 – 1091.46mg/Kg with a mean of 440.0234 ± 54.78mg/Kg. The mean value for the raining season (515.10±281.73 mg/Kg) was significantly higher than that of the dry season (364.94 ± 205.54 mg/Kg). The range of values were also much higher than the Nigerian Department of Petroleum Resources (DPR) target value of 50mg/Kg but considerably much lower than the intervention value (5,000mg/Kg) set by the same body. Source diagnostic indices of aliphatic hydrocarbons gave range of: even to odd numbered n-alkane ratio (0.7183 – 1.7184), carbon preference index – CPI (0.65041 – 1.4520), sum of low molecular weight to high molecular weight n-alkane (1.0559 – 8.8077), nC31/nC19 (0.16867 – 1.1461), sum of long chain hydrocarbons to short chain hydrocarbons (0.1686 – 1.1470), and pristane/phytane ratio (0.6523 – 2.5284); suggesting that the TPHs in sediments were from mixed origin – anthropogenic and biogenic. Inputs from biogenic sources were however, dominated by marine sources. Developmental plans and actions that will reduce these anthropogenic inputs are necessary to protect the aquatic lives and sustain public health.
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