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Analysis of emerging organic contaminants in environmental solid samples

100%
Tadeo J., Sánchez-Brunete C., Albero B., García-Valcárcel A., Pérez R.
Open Chemistry
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2012
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vol. 10
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issue 3
480-520
EN
Spreading sewage sludge on agricultural lands has been actively promoted by national authorities as an economic way of recycling. However, as by-product of wastewater treatment, sewage sludge may contain toxic substances, which could be incorporated into agricultural products or be distributed in the environment. Moreover, sediments can be contaminated by the discharge of wastewater effluents into rivers. This article reviews the determination of emerging contaminants (surfactants, flame retardants, pharmaceuticals and personal care products) in environmental solid samples (sludge, soil and sediment). Sample preparation, including extraction and clean-up, as well as the subsequent instrumental determination of contaminants are discussed. Recent applications of extraction techniques, such as Soxhlet extraction, ultrasound assisted extraction, pressurised liquid extraction, microwave assisted extraction and matrix solid-phase dispersion to the analysis of emerging contaminants in environmental solid samples are reviewed. Determination of these contaminants, generally carried out by gas chromatography and liquid chromatography coupled with different detectors, especially mass spectrometry for the identification and quantification of residues, is also summarised and discussed. [...]
2
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Spatial trends of petroleum hydrocarbons in water and sediments

100%
Ololade I., Lajide L., Amoo I.
Open Chemistry
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2009
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vol. 7
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issue 1
83-89
EN
Seasonal changes in petroleum hydrocarbons in water and streambed sediment from selected oil-related areas of Ondo State, Nigeria have been examined using gravimetric and infrared methods. The highest and lowest total petroleum hydrocarbon concentrations (TPH) in water (sediments in brackets) gravimetrically were 3.49 mg L−1 (199.3) mg kg−1 and 0.003 mg L−1 (81.0) mg kg−1 while the concentrations found by IR were 24.0 mg L−1 (135.0 mg kg−1) and 14.0 mg L−1 (33.0 mg kg−1) respectively. The two seasons were positively correlated (α = 0.01) by both methods. The TPH level was well correlated with the sediment organic carbon (OC) during both seasons. The characteristic carbonyl (C=O) vibrations at 1650 cm−1 and 1700 cm−1 indicate oxidation of the oil residue. The study recommends further investigation into the type of organics present to evaluate their toxicity and appropriate remediation. [...]
3
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Geochemical investigation of alluvial sediments: validation of ICP-OES determination of heavy metals. A case study from the Utrata River Valley (central Poland)

100%
Biro M., Kavšek D., Karasiński J., Szwarczewski P., Bulska E., Vončina D.
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EN
The development and validation of a reliable analytical procedure for the determination of selected metals (Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, Zn and Mn) in sediments accumulated in the Utrata River (Poland) is described. The aqua regia extraction followed by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) was used for this purpose. The optimized analytical procedure was validated, and adequate quality control actions were implemented in order to provide reliable data. The precision under’ within-laboratory’ reproducibility conditions was estimated from duplicate analysis. Certified reference material (CRM) was used in order to evaluate the accuracy of the results regarding the sewage sludge amended soil CRM 143R. The detection limits for all elements of interest were well-below their content in the investigated sediment samples. The obtained reliable data could be used for assessment of the relationship between human economic activity in the past and the geochemical features of the sediments.
4
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QuEChERS and soil analysis. An Overview.

86%
Vera J., Correia-Sá L., Paíga P., Bragança I., Fernandes V. C., Domingues V. F., Delerue-Matos C.
Sample Preparation
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2013
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vol. 1
54-77
EN
This paper reviews the Quick Easy Cheap Effective Rugged Safe (QuEChERS) methods used for the analysis of several pollutants in soil. The recent advances made with this method are discussed.The analysis of pesticide residues and other analytes in soil requires the extraction of analytes from this matrix. Following extraction, a clean-up procedure may be performed, if necessary, prior to instrumental analysis. This review considers all aspects of sample preparation, including extraction and cleanup. Several parameters are discussed in extraction optimization namely: soil type and sample amount, hydration, solvent of extraction QuEChERS content, extraction time and agglomeration prevention. In addition, method performance characteristics in soil studies are critically discussed.
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