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Spontaneous spike-wave discharges in rat neocortex and their relation to behaviour

100%
Gralewicz S., Wiaderna D., Stetkiewicz J., Tomas T.
Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis
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2000
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vol. 60
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issue 3
323-332
EN
A certain proportion of laboratory rats of various strains show spontaneous nonconvulsive ECoG seizures in the form of bursts of spike-and-wave discharges (SWD). Since in the majority of behavioural experiments the EEG is not controlled, the experimenter is usually unaware of this fact. The purpose of the present work was to find out whether the SWD trait is related to the rats behavioural performance in selected test situations. The experiment was performed on two groups of male Wistar rats, outbreds, aged six (group 6M, n = 17) and 24 months (group 24M, n = 14). First, in both groups the following forms of behaviour were assessed: (1) seeking water reward in an 8-arm radial maze, (2) exploration of a new object, (3) inhibition of a locomotor response (passive avoidance), and (4) paw-lick response to a thermal stimulus (54.5oC) applied to the feet before and after intermittent footshock. The rats were then implanted with intrabrain electrodes and the level of SWD activity was assessed. Rats of the 24M group, compared with those of the 6M one, showed a significantly shorter exploratory response to a new object and diminished responsiveness to heat. The groups did not differ, however, in passive avoidance and radial maze performance. The analysis of 3-h ECoG sections revealed SWD bursts in 73% and nearly 93% of rats from groups 6M and 24M, respectively. The groups did not differ in the number of bursts or in the total duration of SWD activity. A correlation analysis of pooled data from both groups revealed that the exploration time of a new object was significantly (negatively) correlated with the number of SWD episodes. The total duration of SWD activity, and the number of perseveration errors in the radial maze, was significantly (positively) correlated with the total duration of SWD activity. The results suggest that SWD rats are behaviourally impaired in some test situations.
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Development of the age-related spontaneous spike-wave discharges in rat neocortex and exposure to a model neurotoxin

100%
Gralewicz S., Luczak C., Wiaderna D., Tomas T.
Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis
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1995
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vol. 55
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issue 1
65-71
EN
In laboratory rats an epileptic-like spontanous neocortical activity in the form of bursts of spike and wave discharges (SWD) develops gradually with age. High incidence of the SWD episodes is accopanied by the other indices characteristic of advanced age:memory disturbances and atropic changes within basal forebrain structures.Accordingly ,it has been proposed that the number and duration of the SWD episodes be regarded as a diagnostic marker to distinquish between young and old brains. It is suspected that exposure to neurotoxins may accelerate the progress of age-related neurodegeneration by predisposing neurons to premature death and thus hasten the appearance of age-related functional deficits. Analysing the development of SWD activity in exposed rats may be helpful for an assesment of the potency of the neurotoxin under study to exert such an effect.In the present work the influence of a three-month exposure to a model neurotoxin, ethanol (ETOH), on the development of the SWD in imp-DAK rats was investigated.It has been found that in rats given 10 solution as the only drink for three months, the incidence of the SWD episodes increased merkedly.The increase was most clearly seen after ETOH withdrawal and on the 90th day after exposure no tendency to decline could be observed.The obtained data indicate that exposure to exogenous substances may exert a distinquishable long-lasting influence on the development of the SWD activity.
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The influence of repeated systemic penicillin injections at subconvulsive doses on spontaneous Spike-Wave Discharges in the rat

88%
Stankiewicz J., Gralewicz S.
Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis
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1996
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vol. 56
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issue 3
673-681
EN
Changes in nonconvulsive spontaneous epileptic activity- Spike-Wave Discharges (SWD) - induced by repeated intraperitoneal (i.P.) administration of crystaline panicillin (CP) at subconvulsive doses were evaluated in imp-DAK rats.Three groups received tan daily i.p.injections of PC at doses of 750.000, 500.000 and 250.000 IU/kg b.w..For comparison, another classic convulsant, penetylenetrazol (PTZ) was applied in the same way to another group.PTZ was also given in CNS excitability.Repeated PC injections resulted in a progressive increase in the basal level of the spontaneous SWD activity and in increase in the SWD response to PC, which was statistically significant in the case of the dose 750.000 IU/kg b.w..Moreover, in all rats given PC the response to PTZ (increase in SWD activity) was reduced.The results obtained in this and previous experiment suggest that in the rat CNS develop which prevent to convulsive effect of Pc but promote the occurence of the spontaneous nonconvulsive SWD activity.
4
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Spike wave discharges and sleep spindles in rats

75%
van Luijtelaar E. L.
Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis
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1997
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vol. 57
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issue 2
113-121
EN
Sleep spindles and spike wave discharges are thought to originate from the same thalamic pacemaker. In the present work it is investigated whether sleep spindles and spike wave discharges are also sensitive for the same drugs. Adult male WAG/Rij rats were chronically implanted with frontal and occipital EEG electrode pairs. Rats were intraperitoneally injected with clonidine (0.00625 mg/kg), phenobarbital (20 mg/kg), flunitrazepam (0.188 mg/kg). Frontal and occipital sleep spindles and mainly frontal spike wave discharges were seen in the electroencephalogram. Phenobarbital and flunitrazepam reduced the number of spike wave discharges and enhanced frontal sleep spindles, while clonidine facilitated spike wave discharges and reduced frontal sleep spindles. The results of these three drugs indicate a reciprocal relationship between the number of frontal sleep spindles and the number of spike wave discharges. Only clonidine facilitated occipital sleep spindles without an effect on spike wave discharges. It can be concluded that frontal and occipital sleep spindles have a different pharmacological profile. Futhermore, the inverse relationship between frontal sleep spindles and spike wave discharges may suggest that sleep spindles and spike wave discharges are controlled by a single controlling system. However, in order to explain the clonidine data on occipital sleep spindles another factor must be incorporated in properties of the mechanism(s) involved in EEG oscillations.
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