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Water cooling, ice formation and some physical properties of sea ice in Puck Lagoon

100%

Urbanski J. A.

Oceanological Studies

2001

vol. 30

issue 1-2

87-98

In Puck Lagoon the net long-wave radiation is the dominant heat flux causing water to cool during winter. Ice formation depends mainly on wind conditions. Since the temperature of Puck Lagoon ice is almost always higher than ?8?C, solid salt crystals are not present in the ice. The mean salinity of the sea ice is 1.57 psu with a maximum of 4.84 psu. The ice porosity ranges from 0.3% to 7.7% and strongly influences the thermal conductivity of the sea ice in Puck Lagoon. Puck Lagoon is situated in the shallow western part of the Gulf of Gdansk and is about 100 km2 in area. The mean depth is 3.5 m and the salinity can approach 8 psu. The total range of the instantaneous water level is about 1 m. Sea ice forms in Puck Lagoon every year. From 1950 to 1990 there was ice cover on an average of 60-80 days (Szefler 1993). Long periods of fast ice (about 70 days) are typical in this area. The mean date of the first ice in the lagoon is 15 December. The thickness of this first ice increases until March, the average maximum thickness being about 30 cm.

Studies on the formation and disintegration of grounded ice hummocks in sheltered areas of the southern Baltic coast

88%

Girjatowicz J. P.

Oceanological Studies

2001

vol. 30

issue 3-4

3-16

Certain ice-related processes and phenomena associated with formation and disintegration of grounded ice hummocks in sheltered areas are discussed. The descriptions and discussion are based on the author?s research carried out over many years in the southern Baltic coastal lagoons. The first part of the paper focuses on the hummocking process which may be invoked to explain the formation of high (up to 10 m above the water level) hummocks. Conditions necessary for hummocking are described and the areas and seasons during which hummocks occur are indicated. In the second part of the paper, the rate at which the hummock height is being reduced during: 1. windless weather with below-zero air temperature, and 2. windy weather (strong wave action) and above-zero air temperature, is discussed. The formation of the so-called ice depression around a hummock is described as well. In the concluding part, attention is being paid to destructive effects of ice in the area affected by hummocking

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2 Oceanological Studies

2 2001

1 Girjatowicz J. P.

1 Urbanski J. A.

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Water cooling, ice formation and some physical properties of sea ice in Puck Lagoon

Studies on the formation and disintegration of grounded ice hummocks in sheltered areas of the southern Baltic coast