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Nanoparticles synthesis by electron beam radiolysis

100%

Călinescu I., Martin D., Ighigeanu D., Gavrila A., Trifan A., Patrascu M., Munteanu C., Diacon A., Manaila E., Craciun G.

Open Chemistry

2014

vol. 12

issue 7

774-781

Electron beam (EB) irradiation is a useful method to generate stable silver nanoparticles without the interference of inherent impurities generated from chemical reactions. Our experiments were carried out using linear electron beam accelerators with two different EB absorbed dose rates: 2 kGy min−1 and 7–8 kGy s−1, and with different absorbed dose levels. The optimum conditions for silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) generation by radiolysis, or by radiolysis combined with chemical reduction, were established. In order to obtain a good yield for AgNPs synthesized by radiolysis, a high dose rate is required, resulting in a rapid production process. At low absorbed dose rates, the utilization of a stabilization agent is advisable. By modifying the experimental conditions, the ratio between the chemical and radiolytic reduction process can be adjusted, thus it is possible to obtain nanoparticles with tailored characteristics, depending on the desired application.

Oxidation of UO2(s) in aqueous solution

88%

Roth O., Jonsson M.

Open Chemistry

2008

vol. 6

issue 1

1-14

In this review the kinetics and mechanism of oxidative dissolution of UO2(s), mainly under conditions of relevance for the safety assessment of a deep geological repository for spent nuclear fuel, are discussed. Rate constants for the elementary processes involved (oxidation of UO2 and dissolution of oxidized UO2) are used to calculate the rates of oxidative UO2(s) dissolution under various conditions (type of oxidant, oxidant concentration and HCO3−/CO32− concentration) for which experimental data are also available. The calculated rates are compared to the corresponding experimental values under the assumption that the experimental numbers reflect the steady-state conditions of the system. The agreement between the calculated rates and the corresponding experimental ones is very good, in particular for the higher rates. In general, the calculated rates are somewhat higher than the experimental numbers. This can be due partly to the use of initial concentrations rather than steady-state concentrations in the calculations. The kinetic data are also used to quantitatively discuss the dynamics of spent nuclear fuel dissolution under deep geological repository conditions. [...]

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2 Open Chemistry

1 2014

1 2008

1 Craciun G.

1 Călinescu I.

1 Diacon A.

1 Gavrila A.

1 Ighigeanu D.

1 Jonsson M.

1 Manaila E.

1 Martin D.

1 Munteanu C.

1 Patrascu M.

1 Roth O.

1 Trifan A.

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Nanoparticles synthesis by electron beam radiolysis

Oxidation of UO2(s) in aqueous solution