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1

Transformed roots as a source of secondary metabolites

100%
Olszowska O.
Biotechnologia
|
2000
|
issue 2
54-63
EN
In the recent years a lot of attention has been paid to hairy root culture as a promising strategy to produce a variety of secondary metabolites including pharmaceuticals, pigments and also fragrances. Hairy roots are tumorous outgrowth developing at the site of infection of wounded plant parts with gram-negative soil bacteria Agrobacterium rhizogenes. During the infection process a part of root-inducing (Ri) plasmid from bacteria is transferred to the plant cell where it integrates into the genome. An increasing number of hairy root cultures is known to produce secondary metabolites in quantities comparable with those in intact plant roots. Some secondary metabolites occurring only in the aerial parts of the intact plants were also found in the hairy roots of some species. So far, production of secondary metabolites in hairy root cultures of about 100 dicotyledonous species and some gymnosperms has been reported. The suitability of hairy root cultures for bioprocessing can be attributed to their genetic and biochemical stability and rapid growth in hormone-free media. Hairy root cultures of medicinal plants and factors influencing their productivity will be reviewed.
2

The influence of nutrient shortage on the expression of combining ability effects for root characters in spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)

88%
Gorny A. G.
Journal of Applied Genetics
|
2000
|
vol. 41
|
issue 2
63-73
EN
Effects of varied nutrition on the inheritance mode of the total and specific length of roots, root weight, shoot : root ratio and root uptake efficiency were studied in a diallel set of spring barley. Plants were grown in sand-vermiculite cultures under high and low NP nutrition. Results of the analysis of variance indicated that both the general (GCA) and specific (SCA) combining ability effects were important for the total length and dry matter of roots formed at the vegetative growth stage. Preponderance of non-additive gene action and overdominance were apparent only for root dry matter. The specific root length and root uptake efficiencies were controlled by additive gene action. Genotype ? nutrition interactions were significant for the root length measures and uptake efficiency indices. Although significant GCA ? nutrition interaction effects were observed for these root characters, the interactions contributed mostly to the magnitude of GCA effects but not to their sign. Except for root dry matter, the contribution of non-additive gene action to root variation enhanced under stress, heritabilities declined, while degrees of dominance of genes tended to increase. Nevertheless, the moderate narrow-sense heritabilities (18-62%) and the considerable proportion of additive variance found for the root characters under nutrient shortage suggest that an improvement of rooting ability under less favourable nutrition through conventional selection is a real objective for barley breeders.
3

Genotypic veriation in response to iso-osmotic and soil moisture stresses among old and modern cultivars of winter wheat

63%
Mendel M., Gorny A.
Journal of Applied Genetics
|
1996
|
vol. 37
|
issue 1
49-63
EN
The study was performed to evaluate range of the genotypic variation in drought susceptibility at juvenile growth stages among 23 old and modern winter cultivars of Triticum aestivum and one old cv. of T.spelta.Response of germinated seeds to mannitol-simulated drought stress as well as that in seedlings shoot and root growth, water use and leaf transpiraton under varied soil moisture were measured.Considerable genotypic variation for all morpho-physiological traits was found between wheat cultivars.There were significant differences between the older and modern cultivars.The former showed usually an enhanced rooting ability and higher water requirements, while the never indicated more efficient water use.The older cultivars were more resistant to both iso-osmotic stress and low soil moisture at the juvenile growth stage.However, no clear differences were found between the two groups of cultivars in the variation range of the drought susceptibility indices.Complex patterns of the response to drought were observed.Cultivars, which distinguished by both a lower shoot:root ratio and a stronger drought-induced stimulative root growth, tended to be more resistant.Although only moderate the relationships noticed, a consideration of the plasticity screening in local wheat breeding appears to be justified.
4

Integrated methods of control of root rot pathogens in broadleaved stands in Poland

63%
Oszako T.
Biotechnologia
|
1993
|
issue 1
46-48
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