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  1. 22 Journal of Applied Genetics

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  4. 1 Genetica Polonica

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  1. 2 Chachulska A. M.

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1

Differences in the inheritance stability of kanamycin resistance between transgenic cucumbers (Cucumis sativus L.) containing two constructs

100%
Yin Z., Szwacka M., Malinowski R., Malepszy S.
|
|
issue 3
307-314
EN
A phenotypic segregation of kanamycin resistance conferred by nosnptII was investigated in two groups of transgenic cucumber lines one containing the PR-2duidA-nosnptII construct and the other with the thaumatinII-nosnptII construct to the third and fifth generation, respectively. Expression of the nptII gene was more stable and predictable in the progeny of the PR-2d lines than that of thaumatin lines. In T2 and T3 generations representing seven PR-2d primary transformants, 78% of the hemizygous progenies exhibited a segregation ratio consistent with Mendelian inheritance; non-Mendelian ratio occurred in the remaining 22%. Mendelian segregation was observed in 46% of the hemizygous progenies derived from 11 thaumatin primary transformants. The segregation ratio for two and three independent loci appeared in single PR-2d and thaumatin lines, respectively.
2

The application of biotechnological achievements in the diagnosis and control of infection with bovine leukemia virus (BLV)

100%
Kuzmiak J.
Biotechnologia
|
2003
|
issue 1
74-83
EN
Bovine leukemia virus (BLV) is the causative agent for enzootic bovine lekosis (EBL). The article concerns the applications of some biotechnological achievements in the development of modern diagnostic methods, new approaches to specific prophylaxis against BLV as well as the selection of naturally resistant animals.
3

Inheritance of resistance to stripe rust in winter wheat cultivars Aquileja and Xian Nong

100%
Feng J., Zhang Z., Li G., Zhou Y., Wang H., Guo Q., Sun J.
Journal of Applied Genetics
|
2007
|
vol. 48
|
issue 1
43-46
EN
Winter wheat cultivars Aquileja (AQ) and Xian Nong 4(XN) were previously reported to possess durable, quantitative resistance to stripe rust disease. In the present study, AQ, XN and a susceptible wheat cultivar were reciprocally crossed in all 6 combinations. Parents, F1, F2, F3, BCP1 and BCP2 were used to determine quantitative genetic parameters for infection type and disease severity. The results showed that fixable genetic components preponderated in the inheritance of the resistance in AQ and XN for both infection type and disease severity, while the dominant component could be detected in some cases. The resistance was conditioned by oligogenes. Heritability of the resistance ranged from 50 to 79% in most cases.
4

Inheritance of resistance to stripe rust in winter wheat cultivars Aquileja and Xian Nong 4

100%
Feng J., Zhang Z., Li G., Zhou Y., Wang H., Guo Q., Sun J.
Journal of Applied Genetics
|
2007
|
vol. 48
|
issue 3
43-46
EN
Winter wheat cultivars Aquileja (AQ) and Xian Nong 4(XN) were previously reported to possess durable, quantitative resistance to stripe rust disease. In the present study, AQ, XN and a susceptible wheat cultivar were reciprocally crossed in all 6 combinations. Parents, F1, F2, F3, BCP1 and BCP2 were used to determine quantitative genetic parameters for infection type and disease severity. The results showed that fixable genetic components preponderated in the inheritance of the resistance in AQ and XN for both infection type and disease severity, while the dominant component could be detected in some cases. The resistance was conditioned by oligogenes. Heritability of the resistance ranged from 50 to 79% in most cases.
5

Modulation of apoptosis signaling for cancer therapy

100%
Fulda S., Debatin K.-M.
Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis
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2006
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vol. 54
|
issue 3
173-175
EN
Apoptosis, the cell's intrinsic death program, plays a central role in regulating tissue homeostasis. Also, most cytotoxic therapies used for cancer treatment, such as chemotherapy, g-irradiation, suicide genes, or immunotherapy, predominantly act by triggering apoptosis in target cells. Thus, understanding the molecular events that regulate apoptosis and how tumor cells evade apoptotic deletion have provided a paradigm to link cancer genetics and response to cancer therapy. Therefore, insights into the mechanisms regulating drug-induced apoptosis provide rational targets for novel therapeutic interventions.
6

Application of molecular markers in evaluation of selected apple genotypes for four apple scab resistance genes

100%
Korbin M., Keller-Przybylkowicz S., Zurawicz E.
Biotechnologia
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2008
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issue 2
153-161
EN
Breeding for scab resistant apple cultivars by pyramiding several genes in the same genetic background is a promising way to control this severe disease caused by Venturia inaequalis. To achieve this goal, molecular potential of expected parental forms should be determined. Screening of 24 genotypes used in apple breeding program for the presence of regions, linked to the resistance to apple scab with DNA markers flanking regions of four major genes Vf, Vbj, Vr and Vm, was conducted in the Research Institute of Pomology and Floriculture. All investigated resistance (R) regions were identified in evaluated population and three clusters representing the group of the genotypes without or with single tested R-gene and two groups of the genotypes, being the parallel donors of 3-4 R-genes, were generated.
7

Genetic aspects of mastitis resistance in cattle

100%
Walawski K.
Journal of Applied Genetics
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1999
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vol. 40
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issue 2
117-128
EN
Cattle breeding program for improvement of milk traits is accompanied by intensive changes in the structural and functional specificity of the animal organism. Assuming the hypothesis that the biological role of the female is to rear her progeny, it may be concluded that the extremely high milk productivity of the modern cow many-fold exceeds the physiological normal range. The mammary gland as a milk-producing highly effective bioreactor is exposed to the particularly strong influence of external and internal factors. Therefore, susceptibility to udder dysfunction generally called 'mastitis' causes great economical losses in highly productive cows. Mastitis is usually induced by a bacterial infection conveyed through the teat canal. The high variability of pathogens and diversity of environmental conditions cause difficulties in mastitis treatment. Antibiotic therapy does not give satisfactory results. Scientific research aims to recognize the heritable specificity of organism defence systems. Still, the currently used breeding selection procedures cannot be successful because natural resistance treated in categories of quantitative genetic variation shows a very low heritability and non-additive genotype-environment interaction. To overcome this problem, an alternative approach to detect a single gene with a high protective expression can be effective. The topics presented in this review include expression of lysozyme and lactoferrin in mammary gland tissue regarded as candidate gene for mastitis resistance as well as BoLA histocompatibility complex and milk protein polymorphic systems proposed as potential genetic markers of natural resistance in cattle.
8

Genetics of durable resistance to leaf rust and stripe rust of an Indian wheat cultivar HD2009

100%
Khanna R., Bansal U. K., Saini R. G.
Journal of Applied Genetics
|
2005
|
vol. 46
|
issue 3
259-263
EN
The Indian bread wheat cultivar HD2009 has maintained its partial resistance to leaf rust and stripe rust in India since its release in 1976. To examine the nature, number and mode of inheritance of its genes for partial leaf rust and stripe rust resistance, this cultivar was crossed with cultivar WL711, which is susceptible to leaf rust and stripe rust. The F1, F2, F3 and F5 generations from this cross were assessed separately for adult plant disease severity under artificial epidemic of race 77-5 of leaf rust and race 46S119 of stripe rust. Segregation for rust reaction in the F2, F3 and F5 generations indicated that resistance to each of these rust diseases is based on 2 genes, each with additive effects. Although the leaf rust resistance of HD2009 is similar in expression to that conferred by the gene Lr34, but unlike the wheats carrying this gene, cultivar HD2009 did not show leaf tip necrosis, a morphological marker believed to be tightly linked to the leaf rust resistance gene Lr34. Thus, the non-hypersensitive resistance of HD2009 was ascribed to genes other than Lr34.
9

Inheritance of resistance to Ustilago nuda (Jens.) Rostr. in some spring barley cultivars

100%
Kozera W., Roszko A.
Journal of Applied Genetics
|
1995
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vol. 36
|
issue 2
119-127
EN
The inharitance of resistance to loose smut (Ustilago nuda) in seven cultivars of spring barley has been examined.The performed showed that, resistance to two different groups of U.nuda races in respect of their virulance is determined by a single allele pair in the cvs.Anoidium and Inerme 2-r and by two allele pairs in the cvs. CI 13 662, Dorsett, Jet and OAC 21.In the cv,Abyssinian, resistance to a group of races 2 is determined by a single allele pair, whereas that to a group of races 4 - by two allele pairs.In all studied cultivars (except Anoidium) the resistance dominates over sensivity.Resistance to the both studied groups of U.nuda races is determined by a similar genes in the cvs. Dorsett and CI 13 662, as well as in Dorsett and OAC 21.No similarity was found between resistance genes in the case of two allele pairs in the cvs. Jet, Abyssinian and CI 13 662 (group of races 4) as well as in Jet, Dorsett and OAC 21 (in both groups of races), and in the case of single allele pair in the cvs.Inerme-2-rowed and Abyssinian (group races 2).
10

Towards the introducing of resistance to powdery mildew from Lycopersicon hirsutum into L. esculentum

100%
Kozik E. U.
Journal of Applied Genetics
|
2001
|
vol. 42
|
issue 1
33-42
EN
Genes of resistance to Oidium lycopersicum from Lycopersicon hirsutum LA 1775 were introduced to L. esculentum. Breeding procedures were based on a one-way programme up to the F2 generation and then four different methods were adopted to obtain F4 and BC4 populations. Screening tests among those hybrid populations were performed in a greenhouse and showed segregation for resistance to powdery mildew due to different genetic backgrounds of the families derived from four breeding methods that changed the status of the gene/genes responsible for resistance to powdery mildew. F4 and BC4 populations varied in relation to morphological traits (fruit size and weight, seed and fruit productivity, number of locules). There was a significant progress in breeding in comparison to L. hirsutum regarding fruit size and weight, and the number of locules. Values of two other traits: seed and fruit productivity, that are correlated with self- and cross-compatibility, were low and similar to L. hirsutum. Therefore, another one or two backcrosses will probably improve seed and fruit productivity.
11

Agrobacterium-mediated tomato transformation

100%
Bartoszewski G., Niemirowicz-Szczytt K.
|
|
issue 1
43-63
EN
Tomato is one of the model species used for crop transformation. The first transgenic tomato variety, known as Flavr Savr?, was approved for sale in the USA in 1994. The introduced trait of this cultivar is delayed ripening. In 1996, its acreage was reported to be 10,000 acres. Another variety characterised by delayed ripening is Endless Summer?, approved in 1995. There are some other cultivars with new traits, such as thicker skin, altered pectin or resistance to viruses (TSWV, ToMV) either approved or pending approval. In addition, a wide range of basic research on tomato transformation has been carried out, including studies on resistance to herbicides, viruses, fungi, bacteria, insects as well as on altered transcription regulation, ripening, carotenoid synthesis, level of auxines and cytokinines, carbohydrates, proteins and specific vaccines. Further improvement of tomato varieties is expected with the use of Agrobacterium tumefaciens.
12

In vitro shoot regeneration of strawberry as the source of somaclonal variants resistant to verticillium wilt?

100%
Sowik I., Wawrzynczak D., Michalczuk L.
|
EN
Somaclonal variants of strawberry resistant to verticillium wilt were selected by cocultivation of shoots of various cultivars obtained by both micropropagation and regeneration from a callus with a homogenate of 3-week-old liquid culture of mixed isolates of Veriticillium dahliae. There was a large variation in the resistance to the pathogen within a population of both micropropagated and regenerated from the callus shoots. After 70 days of cocultivation most of the shoots of susceptible cultivars were heavily damaged or dead, but there were some individuals that survived in a relatively good health. Those variants were transplanted on a new Boxus?s medium supplemented with 2 mg/l of benomyl to eliminate pathogen and their resistance to verticillium wilt is now tested.
13

Genetic background of host-pathogen interaction between Cucumis sativus L. and Pseudomonas syringae pv. lachrymans

88%
Olczak-Woltman H., Schollenberger M., Niemirowicz-Szczytt K.
Journal of Applied Genetics
|
2009
|
vol. 50
|
issue 1
1-7
EN
The interplay of plant resistance mechanisms and bacterial pathogenicity is very complex. This applies also to the interaction that takes place between the pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. lachrymans (Smith et Bryan) and the cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) as its host plant. Research on P. syringae pv. lachrymans has led to the discovery of specific factors produced during pathogenesis, i.e. toxins or enzymes. Similarly, studies on cucumber have identified the specific types of plant resistance expressed, namely Systemic Acquired Resistance (SAR) or Induced Systemic Resistance (ISR). This paper presents a summary of the current state of knowledge about this particular host-pathogen interaction, with reference to general information about interactions of P. syringae pathovars with host plants.
14

First report on the presence of fire blight resistance in linkage group 11 of Pyrus ussuriensis Maxim

88%
Bokszczanin K., Dondini L., Przybyla A. A.
Journal of Applied Genetics
|
2009
|
vol. 50
|
issue 2
99-104
EN
Fire blight, caused by the gram-negative bacterium Erwinia amylovora (Burrill) Winslow et al., is a dangerous disease of pome fruits, including pear. A pear breeding program for fire blight resistance was initiated in 2003 at the Department of Pomology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Poland. Since several Asian species are considered to be potential sources of resistance to fire blight, the susceptible Pyrus communis'Doyenne du Comice' was crossed with the resistant P. ussuriensis. The F1 full-sib progeny composed of 155 seedlings was tested for susceptibility to fire blight by artificial shoot inoculation. A framework linkage map of both parents was constructed based on 48 AFLP and 32 SSR markers and covered a length of 595 cM and 680 cM in 'Doyenne du Comice' and P. ussuriensis, respectively. For the first time a putative QTL for fire blight resistance in P. ussuriensis linkage group 11 was identified. Another putative QTL in linkage group 4 of 'Doyenne du Comice' seems to indicate that sources of fire blight resistance can be identified also in the susceptible cultivars.
15

Potato and tobacco cultivars transformation towards potato virus Y resistance

88%
Chachulska A. M., Chrzanowska M., Flis B., Krzymowska M., Lipska-Dwuznik A., Robaglia C., Zagorski W.
Biotechnologia
|
1997
|
issue 4
48-54
EN
In recent years a new subgroup of necrotic potato virus Y (PVY) isolates has spread in the Polish fields. To counter this infection, the PVY resistance was introduced into selected potato and tobacco cultivars. Plants were transformed by agroinfection with pROK2 derived binary plasmids, carrying an appropriate fragment of the PVY genome (patent applied for). Kanamycin resistant plants were screened by PCR for the presence of PVY cDNA inserts, positive transformants were tested for virus resistance by inoculation with sap from infected plants, followed by observations of disease symptoms and virus accumulation analysis. Several resistant potato and tobacco clones were identified and their phenotypes were preliminarily characterised.
16

Preparation of pBIN19-PGIP-based genetic construct for modification of strawberry genome to obtain genotypes resistant to grey mould

88%
Korbin M., Majka J., Gruchala A., Zurawicz E.
Biotechnologia
|
2004
|
issue 2
22-28
EN
Polygalacturonase inhibiting protein (PGIP) cDNA was isolated using RT-PCR from fruit of apple 'Golden Delicious' which was previously wounded and inoculated with Botrytis cinerea. The sequence of the cDNA showed high level of homology with the published sequence of PGIP-cDNA from apple and pear (99,7 and 97,3%) and low similarity with the sequence of cDNA from tomato (51,5%). The obtained cDNA was cloned and used for the binary construct creation. The introduction of the pBIN19-PGIP construct into strawberry plant genome seems to be a promising strategy to obtain a genotype resistant to B. cinerea, causal agent of grey mould ? the most economically important fungal disease of this species.
17

Attempts at stimulating tobacco resistance to virus diseases

88%
DoroszewskaT., Chachulska A. M.
Biotechnologia
|
2000
|
issue 4
128-141
EN
Preliminary investigations were carried out on the transformation of high susceptibility tobacco cultivars. The plants were transformed by being infected with Agrobacterium tumefaciens with binary PROK2- derived plasmids carrying a PVY casette in the sense and antisense orientations and with a plasmid carrying the lettuce mosaic virus (LMV) coat protein gene. Kanamycin resistant plants were obtained following transformation. PCR testing of a selected group of regenerants revealed the presence of a transgene. Disease symptoms were absent from 52% of transgenic plants inoculated with PVYN. This was confirmed by ELISA values.In the T1 generation of transgenic plants, 510 (78%) showed no symptoms after inoculation and 155 (22%) showed typical PVYN symptoms. Among 510 symptomless plants 213 (36%) were selected as highly resistant, 207 (31%) as partially resistant and 89 (11%) as tolerant. Forty kanamycin resistant plants of T2 generation were tested with PVYN. Two plants showed vein necrosis, five - vein clearing and 33 plants showed no disease symptoms. ELISA tests allowed to identify 33 plants (84,6%) totally resistant to PVYN. The preliminary data reported here showed more resistant plants in T2 generations.
18

Endonuclease restriction of SCAR amplicons SC811 is required to identify Ns-false-positive markers in PVS-susceptible potato cultivars

88%
Szajko K., Chrzanowska M., Strzelczyk-Zyta D., Zagorska H., Marczewski W.
Journal of Applied Genetics
|
2008
|
vol. 49
|
issue 1
45-47
EN
The Ns gene confers resistance of potato to Potato virus S (PVS). Sixteen German and Dutch potato cultivars, all registered in Poland, were found to be susceptible to PVS infection. However, scoring of the cultivars for the presence of the Ns-linked SCAR marker SC811454 revealed additional amplicons with a similar electrophoretic migration rate as that of SC811454, which resulted in ambiguous determination of the genotype at the Ns locus. MboI or FokI treatment of the PCR products allowed to detect their Ns-unspecificity in PVS-susceptible potato cultivars.
19

Inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers for the Ns resistance gene in potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)

88%
Marczewski W.
|
|
issue 2
139-144
EN
Inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) polymorphism was used for finding markers linked to the Ns gene, responsible for a resistance of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) to potato virus S (PVS). The ISSR markers UBC811660 and UBC811950 were found to be linked to Ns. Linkage distances were estimated to be 2.6 cM and 6.6 cM, respectively. UBC811660 showed high accuracy for detection of PVS resistance in diploid potato clones. In tetraploids, among seventeen studied genotypes containing the resistance gene, this marker was revealed in eleven. UBC811660 can be a powerful tool for detection of genotypes carrying the Ns gene in diploid potato breeding programmes.
20

Resistance to the potato leafroll virus (PLRV) in the progeny of a highly resistant potato clone

88%
Swiezynski K. M., Dziewonska M. M., Ostrowska K.
Genetica Polonica
|
1993
|
vol. 34
|
issue 2
139-146
EN
Segregation for resistance to PLRV was evaluated in three families originating from mating of a highly resistant with , which differed in their to . The virus concentration and external in graft-inoculated plants served as criteria of resistance. The mean level of progeny resistance was never inferior to the mid-parent value and usually exceeded it. Some genotypes in the progeny were at least as resistant as their highly resistant parent. Susceptible genotypes were not found in the progeny. The results obtained are consistent with the assumption that a high level of resistance to PLRV is a cumulative effect of dominant genes.
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