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1

Enzymatic production of maltodextrins and syrup solids from starch. Part II. Processes

100%
Bryjak J.
Biotechnologia
|
1999
|
issue 1
201-225
EN
This part mainly discusses the enzymatic processes employed in the production of maltodextrins and syrup solids. Functional properties and applications of dextrins, maltose, glucose, fructose, cyclodextrins as well as malto- and isomaltooligosaccharides are presented. Immobilization of amylolytic enzymes and typical enzyme reactors for starch processing is reviewed. Action pattern of amylases in relation to the subsite structure of the enzyme active domains is presented, including: the dependence of Michaelis and molecular activity parameters on the DP of substrate; possible binding modes between the enzyme and a linear substrate; multiple attack mode in addition to simple hydrolysis (random attack). Mathematical modelling of starch degrading processes is critically reviewed. The crucial parameters, influencing the reaction rate and the conversion degree of the substrate, are shown.
2

Influence of temperature of the packing as a factor stimulating nitrogen conversions rate in attached-growth circulating reactor

100%
Zielinski M., Krzemieniewski M.
Biotechnologia
|
2005
|
issue 1
207-214
EN
Experiments on attached-growth circulating reactor were conducted to determine the impact of variable heat energy of the reactor packing on nitrification rate. There was a possibility of regulation the packing temperature. The research was carried out for biofilm temperatures from 10oC to 35oC at ambient temperature of 10oC. The increase in packing temperature from 10oC to 30oC caused the increase in nitrification rate from 3.57 gN?m-2?d-1 to 10.1 gN?m-2?d-1. The increase in temperature over 30oC caused the decrease in process rate. Appointed values of temperature coefficient ? for nitrification decreased by increasing in heat energy of packing. The supply of heat energy to biofilm directly through the reactor packing permitted to improve the nitrification effectiveness.
3

Fermentation in waste menagement in agriculture

88%
Ledakowicz S., Krzystek L.
Biotechnologia
|
2005
|
issue 3
165-183
EN
The generation of agriculture residues and agro-industrial wastes has recently grown considerably, which has caused a variety of environmental problems. In this paper, the characteristics of agricultural and agro-industrial waste are discussed. Also, the most important biological treatment technologies and strategies for waste management are presented. Special attention is given to energy production by anaerobic digestion of these wastes. Few examples of energy recovery from agricultural wastes are presented as well.
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