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EN
The application effect of aluminium and their alloys and mixtures with nickel was studied for the complete hydrodebromination of 2,4,6-tribromophenol (TBP) to phenol in aqueous NaOH solution at room temperature. It was found that the Raney Al-Ni alloy can rapidly transform TBP to phenol. Removal efficiency of 25 mM TBP solution in aqueous NaOH (15 g L−1) solution at the end of 1h reaction was 100% using 4 g L−1 Al-Ni. The hydrodebromination is accompanied by the dissolution of aluminium and formation of soluble Al(OH)4−1 anions under these reaction conditions. After completion of the hydrodebromination reaction removal of the dissolved metals was achieved by precipitation of appropriate hydroxides by adjustment of the pH value and filtration, the filtrate was treated with Pseudomonas or Rhodococcus bacterial strains to degrade dissolved phenol. The combined application of both (chemical-biological) treatments produced degradations of 100% of aromatic compounds. [...]
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2015
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vol. 62
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issue 4
879-883
EN
Quaternary ammonium salts (QAS) belong to surfactant commonly used both, in the household and in different branches of industry, primarily in the process of cleaning and disinfection. They have several positive features inter alia effectively limiting the development of microorganisms on many surfaces. In the present work, two compounds were used as biocides: hexamethylene-1,6-bis-(N,N-dimethyl-N-dodecylammonium bromide) that belongs to the gemini surfactant (GS), and its single analogue - dodecyl(trimethyl)ammonium bromide (DTAB). Two fold dilution method was used to determine the minimum concentration of compounds (MIC) which inhibit the growth of bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 6538 and an environmental strain), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 85327 and an environmental strain), and yeast Candida albicans (ATCC 11509 and an environmental strain). The viability of cells in liquid cultures with addition of these substances at ¼ MIC, ½ MIC and MIC concentrations were also determined. The obtained results show that DTAB inhibits the growth of bacteria at the concentration of 0.126-1.010 µM/ml, and gemini surfactant is active at 0.036-0.029 µM/ml. Therefore, GS is active at more than 17-70-fold lower concentrations than its monomeric analogue. Strains isolated from natural environment are less sensitive upon testing biocides than the references strains. Both compounds at the MIC value reduced the number of cells of all strains. The use of too low concentration of biocides can limit the growth of microorganisms, but often only for a short period of time in case of special environmental strains. Later on, they can adapt to adverse environmental conditions and begin to evolve defence mechanisms.
EN
In the study we tested drug sensitivity to 3 carbapenems (doripenem, imipenem and meropenem) of Gram-negative clinical isolates from Southern Poland. Material and methods. 89 strains were examined: 42 from Pseudomonas genus, 16 Acinetobacter baumannii strains and 31 Enterobacteriaceae strains. Etests were used according to the producers instructions, MIC values were interpreted using EUCAST criteria. Results. Highest in vitro activity against Pseudomonas spp. was shown for doripenem, then meropenem and the lowest for imipenem (MIC values were definitely lower for doripenem; differences were statistically significant); A. baumannii strains showed similar sensitivity to doripenem, meropenem and imipenem (differences non-significant); all Enterobacteriaceae strains showed sensitivity to the tested antimicrobials. Conclusions. As a conclusion-doripenem, which has high in vitro activity (almost the same as imipenem and meropenem) as well as beneficial pharmacologic properties, may be an alternative solution in the treatment of multiresistant Gram-negative bacteria, especially in patients in severe status who require restrictive antibiotic regimens.
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