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Pathogenesis of Reactive Oxygen Species: A Review

100%
Olajide P. A., Omowumi O. S., Odine G. O.
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vol. 44
150-164
EN
Oxidative stress is known top-lay an important role in the development and pathogenesis of several chronic diseases such as diabetes, neurodegenerative diseases, and cancer. Exposure to poisons and toxicants results in the generation of pro-oxidant which eventually cause dysfunction in enzymatic activities and defect in the DNA, resulting to alteration in the expression of genes the induction of oxidative stress is by far associated with modern life styles which include the consumption and exposure to chemicals which are used to preserve and process food. Hence, this review provides insight to the relationship between reactive oxygen species and some chronic disorders. That is the contribution of reactive oxygen species to the pathogenesis of some diseases.
2
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Etiology of acute pancreatitis

100%
Gimenez T., Calvo A., Vicent J.
Open Medicine
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2014
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vol. 9
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issue 4
530-542
EN
Acute pancreatitis is a common disease with a benign course in the majority of patients, but it is associated with serious morbidity, and mortality close to 20% in up to 20% of cases. The incidence of acute pancreatitis seems to be rising in western countries. About 75% of all cases are caused by gallstones or alcoholism. The relative rate of gallstones versus alcohol as etiology depends on the age and the area of enrolment. A thorough evaluation allows cause identification in another 10% of cases, leaving about 15–20% as idiopathic. The most common causes, and a growing list of less frequent and sometimes very rare and controversial etiologies, are reviewed in this article. A classification on the pathogenic mechanisms of causes of acute pancreatitis based is used in this Review. The approach, or suggested plan of investigations, to determine the etiology of acute pancreatitis, based on the most recently published Guidelines is outlined.
3
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The Neurofibromatosis type 1:A dominantly inherited tumors-predisposing disorder

100%
Scalzone M., Coccia P., Ruggiero A., Lazzareschi I., Mastrangelo S., Riccardi R.
Open Medicine
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2009
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vol. 4
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issue 1
11-16
EN
Neurofibromatosis type I (NF1) is a hereditary multisystem disease involving the skin and nervous system. It is the most common form of autosomal dominant phakomatoses with 100% penetrance but wide phenotypic variability. The NF1 gene is located on chromosome 17q11.2 and encodes for a tumour suppressor protein. Because affected individuals have an increased risk of tumor formation, this disorder is classified as inherited cancer syndrome. The risk of malignancies in NF1 affected patients is estimated to be 5–15% higher than in the general population. We reviewed clinical aspects and genetic mechanisms of tumorigenesis in NF1 affected patients.
4
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Helicobacter pylori isolation, serology and cagA, cagE and virB11 detection in patients with non-ulcer dyspepsia from Turkey: Correlation with histopathologic findings

88%
Ilga U., Ozyurt M., Yildirim S., Ergunay K., Ardic N., Demirturk L., Haznedaroglu T.
Open Medicine
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2008
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vol. 3
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issue 1
41-46
EN
Colonization with Helicobacter pylori (HP) may have major clinical consequences and HP virulence factors are associated with more severe gastroduodenal pathologies. In this study, prevalence of HP in patients with Non-Ulcer Dyspepsia (NUD) was determined by rapid urease test and culture and correlations of histopathologic changes with bacterial virulence factors and serologic profiles were investigated. Gastric biopsies from sixty-nine patients admitted to Haydarpasa Training Hospital Department of Gastroenterology were evaluated for rapid urease, HP isolation and examined histopathologically. PCR was employed for HP confirmation and detection of HP cagA, cagE and virB11 genes. For each patient, IgG and IgA antibodies and anti-cagA antibodies were also determined by ELISA tests. HP was isolated and confirmed by PCR in 74% (51/69) of the patients. Anti-HP IgG and IgA were detected in 96% (49/51) and 53% (27/51), respectively. Anti-cagA were present in 51% (26/51). cagA, cagE and virB11 were positive in 56.8% (29/51), 60.7% (31/51) and 58.8% (30/51) of the patients, respectively. Statistically significant correlation was observed between cagA PCR and inflammation/activity scores. Detection of cagA by molecular assays can be an alternative test that can be employed for individual patient assessment.
5
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Best vitelliform macular dystrophy: literature review

88%
Budiene B., Liutkeviciene R., Zaliuniene D.
Open Medicine
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2014
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vol. 9
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issue 6
784-795
EN
Best vitelliform macular dystrophy (BVD) is a slowly progressive form of macular dystrophy. In most cases this disease begins in childhood although sometimes it can develop in later age. The diagnosis of BVD is based on family history, clinical and electrophysiological findings. Clinical signs are variable, yet the majority of patients have a typical yellow yolk-like macular lesion in the eye fundus. Lesions are usually bilateral, but in rare cases can be unilateral. Atrophy of the macula may develop after many years. The mutations responsible for Best vitelliform macular dystrophy are found in a gene called VMD2, which encodes a transmembrane protein named bestrophin-1 (hBest1) that is a Ca2+-sensitive chloride channel. Most reported cases causing the disease are in exons 2, 4, 6 and 8 in patients with BVD. In this article we discuss the etiology of Best’s vitelliform macular dystrophy, clinical presentation, diagnostics, genetic and current treatment possibilities.
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