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1

Metabolomics ? a tool in functional genomics and systems biology

100%
Stobiecki M.
Biotechnologia
|
2009
|
issue 2
54-64
EN
The concept of metabolomic studies has been developed during the last decade. Comprehensive analysis of primary and secondary metabolites in living organisms grown under genetic and environmental stresses may deliver interesting information about the status of the studied microorganisms, plants or animals. The metabolome analysis may be performed using different methodical approaches and various physicochemical methods may be applied for identification of low molecular compounds. Due to huge sets of data collected during the metabolomic studies, different statistical calculations and bioinformatic technologies are used for the presentation and interpretation of the results.
2
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Proteomics of experimental stroke in mice

100%
Focking M., Besselmann M., Trapp T.
Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis
|
2006
|
vol. 66
|
issue 4
273-278
EN
Multi-Western blots of more than 400 proteins were performed from brain extracts of mice submitted to transient focal ischemia induced by 1 h middle cerebral artery (MCA) thread occlusion. Measurements were carried out in groups of six animals in sham-operated controls, at the end of 1 h ischemia, and after 3 and 12 h recirculation. After MCA occlusion up to 45% of proteins were up- or downregulated in the ipsilateral hemisphere by a factor of 1.5 or more, as compared to sham-operated controls. The temporal regulation of several proteins in the ischemia-affected hemisphere after 1 h MCA thread occlusion is described. In the non-ischemic hemisphere the number of regulated proteins was close to 50%, indicating a hitherto unrecognized involvement of the opposite side. The proteomic approach of brain injury analysis goes beyond previous screenings of gene expression at the transcriptional level and although our study provides further evidence for the complexity of multiinjury pathways in the evolution of ischemic brain damage it may help to identify key mediators of ischemic injury.
3

Analysis of protein posttranslational modifications using mass spectrometry

100%
Marczak L.
Biotechnologia
|
2009
|
issue 2
27-38
EN
Identification of posttranslational modifications (PTMs) of proteins provides better understanding of their biological functions. Mass spectrometry has become a method of choice for the analysis of PTMs, both MALDI-ToF and tandem (MS/MS) mass spectrometers are perfect tools for assignment of PTMs. The latter due to their peptide fragmentation capability give better identification and information about localization of PTMs in protein molecule. In this paper, an overview of possible use of mass spectrometry and bioinformatic tools together with description of the basic features and limits of the analysis of post translational modifications by mass spectrometry are presented.
4

Tumor markers studied with proteomic methods in blood and serum plasma

86%
Pietrowska M.
Biotechnologia
|
2009
|
issue 2
39-53
EN
Proteins are major components that directly determine phenotypes of cells and organisms, in either normal or pathological conditions. Because of numerous post-translational events that modify structure and function of proteins, the knowledge of genomes is only at the beginning of understanding of the full complexity of biological systems. 'Proteomics' is the study of proteomes, which addresses proteins' 3D structure, function, and their inter- and intracellular communication. Among primary goals of proteomics, there is discovery of biomarker for various human disease conditions. Plasma and serum are considered to be the source of choice in molecular diagnostics. The development of cancer involves transformation and proliferation of altered cell types that produce unique proteins and enzymes, which can significantly modify the pattern of serum peptides and proteins. The serum protein/peptide profiles that could be registered using different analytical methodologies appear to carry important information with direct clinical applicability. Importantly, such peptide profiles itself could become a new kind of potential tumor marker. These approaches are promising, but the results obtained are still preliminary. For example, detection of disease markers in the blood proteome could be hampered by its extremely low concentrations and the presence of a few abundant components (e.g., albumin and immunoglobulins), and thus development of more specific and sensitive analytical methods is still required. Nevertheless, identification of serum proteomic patterns or molecular signatures specific for different cancer types, stages and responses to therapy is possible at this moment. This article provides a comprehensive overview of current methodologies used for cancer biomarkers detection in blood proteome.
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