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The developmental deposition of epiblast/germ cell-line derived cells in various organs as a hypothetical explanation of stem cell plasticity?

100%

Kucia M., Machalinski B., Ratajczak M. Z.

Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis

2006

vol. 66

issue 4

331-341

The embryo develops from germ cell line (fertilized oocyte) and precursors of primordial germ cells (PGC) are the first population of stem cells that are specified in mice at the beginning of gastrulation in proximal primitive ectoderm (epiblast) ? region adjacent to the extraembryonic ectoderm. These founder cells subsequently move through the primitive streak and give rise to several extra-embryonic mesodermal lineages and to germ cells. By day 7.25 of embryonic development, a cluster of PGC is visible at the basis of allantois. Subsequently PGC migrate through the embryo proper and colonize genital ridges, where they finally differentiate into sperm and oocytes. We hypothesize that during early development epiblast/germ line-derived cells including PGC become a founder populations of pluripotent stem cells (PSC). These cells are deposited during embryogenesis in various organs and may persist in these locations into adulthood ? for example in bone marrow (BM). To support this, we recently identified in BM a population of very small embryonic-like (VSEL) stem cells that express epiblast/germ line-derived cells transcription factor Oct-4 and several other PGC markers. Similarly, cells expressing Oct-4 were also identified in several adult tissues by other investigators. Thus, pluripotent epiblast/PGC may persist beyond embryogenesis in neonatal and adult tissues. Their fate is defined by several mechanisms which regulate cell proliferation and affect status of somatic imprint on selected genes responsible for pluripotency. We hypothesize that these cells play an important role in tissue/organ regeneration and their presence in adult tissues may explain phenomenon of stem cell plasticity. In pathological situations, however they may undergo malignant transformation and give rise to tumors.

Embryonic birds? cell manipulation

80%

Bednarczyk M.

Biotechnologia

2003

issue 1

36-47

Because of easy access to the developing embryo in the laid eggs, chicken embryos have been used as a favorite model in embryology and developmental biology. Several experiments have demonstrated that pluripotent blastodermal cells (BC) from stage X chicken embryo can be removed, dispersed, and injected into the subgerminal cavity of recipient embryos at the same stage of development. These blastodermal cells are able to colonize somatic tissues of treated embryos and can contribute to the germline, because stage X blastodermal cells obtained from freshly laid eggs contain primordial germ cells (PGC) or their precursor cells. In this overview the methods and two principal applications of chicken embryo cells manipulation are: 1) production of transgenic birds, and 2) preserving and reconstituting poultry foundation stocks were presented.

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1 Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis

1 Biotechnologia

1 2006

1 2003

1 Bednarczyk M.

1 Kucia M.

1 Machalinski B.

1 Ratajczak M. Z.

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The developmental deposition of epiblast/germ cell-line derived cells in various organs as a hypothetical explanation of stem cell plasticity?

Embryonic birds? cell manipulation