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1

Usefulness of RAPD for genetic distance estimation in the European species Pinus sylvestris

100%
Szyp-Borowska I., Staniulyte R.
Biotechnologia
|
2003
|
issue 2
280-289
EN
Random Amplified Polymorphic DNAs (RAPD) technique with single primers was tested for its usefulness in genetic distance estimation and population studies in the coniferous species Pinus sylvestris. DNA markers allow for direct analysis both coding and noncoding regions of the genome. The technique of detection DNA variations using RAPD markers has become a popular tool in genetic studies. Different reaction conditions were tested in order to get the optimal resolution of fragments, specificity and reproducibility of patterns. In this preliminary investigation, a high MgCl2 concentration (5,5 mM) together with a low primer concentration (0,2 M) in the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) mixture yielded the best amplification products. Amplified fragments were scored as the presence or absence fragments.
2

Allozyme differentiation in some European populations of Scots pine Pinus sylvestris L.

100%
Prus-Glowacki W., Urbaniak L., Zubrowska-Gil M.
Genetica Polonica
|
1993
|
vol. 34
|
issue 2
159-176
EN
variation was studied in 17 populations of Pinus sylvestris from Northern and East-Central Europe. Populations from Scandinavia, northern Poland, Holand and Belgium are more heterozygotic, more polymorphic as far as genotypes are concerned; they also have a higher number of alleles per locus. The populations are in the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium as can be judged from fixation indices. Genetic differentiation between populations (GST) in the studied group is low (2.3%). Populations from Norway, Finland, northern Poland, Germany and Holland form one genetically similar but heterogenic group. A population from Scotland is connected with this group. Populations from Latvia, Lithuania and Ukraine constitue the second group. The remaining populations show a varying degree of genetic similarity to the latter group.
3

Reciprocal controlled crosses between Pinus sylvestris and P. mugo verified by a species-specific cpDNA marker

88%
Wachowiak W., Lewandowski A., Prus-Glowacki W.
Journal of Applied Genetics
|
2005
|
vol. 46
|
issue 1
41-43
EN
A species-specific marker of cpDNA (paternally inherited in pines) was used to verify the hybrid origin of seedlings from controlled reciprocal crosses between Pinus sylvestris and P. mugo. A very low degree of compatibility between those two species has been revealed. In the three consecutive years of experiments, no filled seeds were obtained in the combination with P. mugo as the seed parent. From P. sylvestris as the seed parent and P. mugo as the pollen donor, we succeeded to obtain four filled seeds (about 1 %), but only in one year. The seedling obtained from the seeds had cpDNA haplotypes specific to P. mugo, which proves their hybrid origin. This method enables verification of the result of controlled crosses. The importance of the results has been discussed in the aspect of postulated natural hybridisation in sympatric populations of the two species.
4

Effects of heavy metal pollution on genetic variation and cytological disturbances in the Pinus sylvestris L. population

75%
Prus-Glowacki W., Chudzinska E., Wojnicka-Poltorak A., Kozacki L., Fagiewicz K.
Journal of Applied Genetics
|
2006
|
vol. 47
|
issue 2
99-108
EN
This isoenzymatic and cytogenetic study has shown significant differences in genetic composition between two groups of Pinus sylvestris trees: tolerant and sensitive to heavy metal pollution. Total and mean numbers of alleles and genotypes per locus were higher in the pollution-sensitive group of trees, but heterozygosity (Ho) was lower in this group. Fixation index (F) indicates that trees tolerant for pollution were in the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, while the sensitive group had a significant excess of homozygosity. Cytological analyses demonstrated numerous aberrations of chromosomes in meristematic root tissue of seedlings developed from seeds collected from trees in the polluted area. The aberrations included chromosome bridges and stickiness, laggards, retarded and forward chromosomes, and their fragments. The mitotic index was markedly lower in this group of seedlings, as compared to the control. Both isoenzymatic and cytological analyses showed a significant influence of heavy metal ions on the genetic structure of the Pinus sylvestris population.
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