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1

Temporal variation in the accumulation of organic carbon and nitrogen in the suspended matter and silty surface sediment of the western Gulf of Gdansk (southern Baltic Sea) - comparison with the Atlantic Bay of Marennes Oleron

100%
Maksymowska D., Feuillet-Girard M., Jankowska H., Heral M.
Oceanological Studies
|
1997
|
vol. 26
|
issue 2-3
91-116
EN
The temporal changes of organic C and N concentration and in atomic C:N ratio in both suspended particulate matter (SPM) and surface sediments (0-5cm) are discussed. The investigations were conducted in May, August, November 1994 and January 1995, at a sampling station located in the western Gulf of Gdansk (depth 37 m).The respective concentrations of organic carbon and nitrogen in SPM range from 0.285 to 0.655 mg dm-3, and from 0.033 to 0.075 mg dm-3. The temporal changes in the concentrations of these elements are due to the seasonal variation in primary production, and are also influenced by the inflow of terrestrial discharges. The atomic C:N ratio reflects seasonal changes in SPM composition, and generally indicates that particular organic matter (POM) in this part of the Gulf of Gdansk consists to a large extent of detritus or terrigenous material. However, in the summer, there is a substantial proportion of fresh planktonic material in the particulate organic matter (the C:N atomic ratio falls to 8.5 - 10.5).Significant temporal changes in organic carbon and nitrogen concentrations were also recorded in the surface sediment (0-1 cm); these range from 28.5 to 49.6 mg g-1 of dry sediment and from 3.12 to 4.6 mg g-1 of dry sediment for carbon and nitrogen respectively. Values were highest in May and November, and indicate a possible inflow of organic matter to the sediments following the spring and autumn phytoplankton blooms. The considerably lower values of both parameters noted in August suggest that large quantities of organic carbon and nitrogen are lost in summer, a process governed by the rise in temperature of the near-bottom water. The C:N atomic ratio in the first surface sediment layer indicates that the inflow of fresh organic matter is predominant in spring, when C:N is lowest (8.75). The summer and winter values (10.5 - 11.1) reflect the presence of degraded matter. Values were highest in early November (14.4), which is indicative of the inflow of highly degraded or terrigenous organic material. These results are compared to those of different ecosystems, particularly with an Atlantic coastal area, the estuarine Marennes - Ol?ron Bay in France, where the authors took the same approach. SPM concentrations are considerably higher (50 to 360 mg dm-3) than in the Gulf of Gdansk. The respective concentrations of organic carbon and nitrogen in SPM range from 0.95 to 14.9 mg dm-3 and from 0.2 to 1.5 mg dm-3. However, these high values are not reflected in the accumulation of organic matter in the surface sediment layer, where the carbon and nitrogen contents were low at 7.5 mg g-1 and 1.3 mg g-1 of dry sediments respectively. In this bay such differences are explained by the sediment resuspension caused by strong currents inducing considerable turbidity.
2

Carbon and nitrogen content and degradation ratio of suspended matter and surface sediments of the Gulf of Gdansk in spring 1995

86%
Maksymowska D.
Oceanological Studies
|
1996
|
vol. 25
|
issue 3
79-95
EN
Changes in organic carbon and nitrogen concentrations as well as the atomic C/N ratio in suspended matter and vertical profile of surface sediments (0-5cm) from different sedi-mentation areas of the Gulf of Gdansk (Southern Baltic) were studied in late spring 1995. Concentrations of organic carbon and nitrogen in suspended particulate matter (SPM) varied between 0.14 and 1.20 mg dm-3, respectively. The deeper parts of the Gulf of Gdansk (station U20) and station remaining under the direct influence of the riverine discharges (W2 and JR), are characterised by nigh values of organic carbon and nitrogen concentrations. C/N ratio in SPM in euphotic layer of the water column reveals significant spatial variability connected with organic matter origin; the highest values (10.11-10.46) were observed at sta-tions: W2 and JR which remained under riverine runoff. At the other sampling stations located in the eastern part of Puck Bay and open part of the Gulf of Gda?sk C/N ratio reached values: 8.93 - 9.87, what indicates a bigger proportion of the autochthonous organic matter. Variability in concentrations of organic carbon and nitrogen in surface sediments is controlled by sediment dispersion and its sorption properties, location of the station in respect of the main sources of the terrestrial and riverine discharges. The lowest concentrations of organic carbon and nitrogen were observed in sandy sediments, while the highest ones in clay sediments of the deep open part of the Gda?sk Basin. The highest values of C/N ratio (11.56-13.49) in the surface sediments were observed at sta-tions being under direct influence of rivers (W2, JR), while the lowest ones (8.89-9.61) oc-curred in sediments of the open part of the Gulf of Gdansk, which is to the lesser extent influ-enced by the riverine inflow. At station JR (sandy sediments), located in the inner Puck Bay, high C/N ratio as well as rela-tively large content of both organic carbon and nitrogen in surface sediments could also be influenced by migration of highly degraded refractory organic matter from deeper sediment layers (peat and calcareous gyttja).
3

The potential impact of a sewage discharge through the ?Gdansk -Wschod? sewage-treatment plant collect-or on the chemical composition of the Gulf of Gdansk sediments

86%
Uscinowicz S., Zachowicz Z. J., Zachowicz J., Sokolowski S. K., Sokolowski K.
|
EN
The potential chemical impact of a treated sewage discharged from the ?Gdansk-Wschod? Sewage Treatment Plant to the Gulf of Gdansk was studied. A physical and chemical investigation of the sediments sampled in the area of the planned collector outlet as well as results of an earlier research were the basis for the present paper. A spatial distribution of majority of the studied sediment components shows a distinctive zoning that is clearly due to them being supplied by the Vistula River (Wisla River). This is particular for the mercury, lead, zinc and chromium as well as organic carbon and phosphorus. A distribution of the redox potential shows too a distinctive relation to the Vistula River mouth. Starting a sewage discharge through a new collector located between the two river mouths of the Wisla Smiala and the Wisla Przekop can move westwards the presently observed zoning of increased concentrations of some chemicals. However, most probably such changes will be small and they will not cumulate themselves over time.
4

The geochemical profile of bottom sediments in the Domiaza (Oder river estuary, northwest Poland)

58%
Piotrowski S., Laba-Mydlowska E.
Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies
|
2003
|
issue 4
79-115
EN
The Domiaza is a fragment of the Oder river estuary situated north of Szczecin. This area is exposed to complex hydrological processes and strong anthropogenic pressure. Key physical and chemical parameters of the Domiaza sediments (fraction < 2mm), e.g., dry residue (Ds), ignition loss (Iz), CaCO3 and organic carbon content, show high coefficients of variation (over 60%). Similar variation is typical of the heavy metal concentrations (Cu, Zn, Pb, Co, Cd and Hg) and the organic carbon content in the fraction smaller than 0.20 mm. The spatial distribution of the examined parameters in the Domiaza sediments results from the dynamics of this environment, especially the heavy watercraft traffic and the continuous dredging of the Szczecin-Swinoujscie water lane. Concentrations of Cd, Cu, Zn, Pb and Co found in the Domiaza sediments are higher than those found in the geochemical background of Poland, while concentrations of mercury are comparable. Moreover, the concentrations of Cu, Zn, Pb and Cd found in the Domiaza sediments are higher than the average concentrations of these metals in adjacent areas (Oder River, Dabie Lake, Szczecin Lagoon), but the concentrations of Hg and Co are comparable or lower depending on the area of reference. A survey of heavy metals concentrations conducted in 1999 detected higher than average concentrations of Cu, Zn, Pb, and particularly Co (twice) and Hg (over thirty times), and lower concentrations of Cd in comparison with the average levels of 1996. The reason for these differences was the selective inflow of heavy metals to the Domiaza area after the disastrous flood of 1997.
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