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1

The role of dendritic cells in neurodegenerative diseases

100%
Iribarren P., Cui Y.-H., Le Y., Wang J. M.
Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis
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2002
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vol. 50
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issue 3
187-196
EN
Dendritic cells (DCs) are the most potent antigen-presenting cells (APCs) involved in the induction of adaptive immune responses. The presence of DCs in the central nervous system (CNS) and the active participation of the immune system in a variety of neurodegenerative diseases have been demonstrated. This review will discuss recent findings pertinent to DCs and other antigen presenting cells in CNS in health and disease states.
2
Content available remote

The role of astrocytes in the physiology and pathology of the central nervous system

80%
Markiewicz I., Lukomska B.
Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis
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2006
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vol. 66
|
issue 4
343-358
EN
Astrocytes are the main class of neuroglia, serving a wide range of adaptive functions in the mammalian nervous system. They interact with neurons, providing structural, metabolic and trophic support for them. In pathological circumstances, astrocytes have the potential to induce neuronal dysfunction, but they can also play a neuroprotective role, releasing neuronal growth factors. Here we review recent findings regarding the role of astrocytes in the biology of the brain in physiological conditions, as well as their reaction following the onset of neurodegenerative disorders.
3

Gene expression in neuronal apoptosis-looking far a therapeutic window

80%
Figiel I., Filipkowski R. K., Hetman M. K. B., Kaczmarek L.
Biotechnologia
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1996
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issue 4
132-140
EN
Wxititixicity - cell loss occurring after an excessive stimulation with excitatory amino acid - has been suggested to underlie major neurodegenerative disorders.Recent studies imply that this phenomenon may have an apoptotic character, i.e.., it may be an active process.In our studies, revived herein, we confirmed and extended this view by demonstratijng a gene expression component in the processes of neuronal cell loss in three different experimental models: i. kinate administration, II, high-dose MK-801 treatment, iii.glutamate stimulation of dentate gyrus neurons cultured in vitro.In conclusion we suggest that these data, as well as tha results of a number of other studies offer a hope that there ia a therapeutic window for the treatment of a neurodegenerative diseases, both in respect to time between the insult and cell death, and through possible common mechanisms to be targeted by future therapies.One can even speculate that such therapies might aim at transcription factors, e.g. AP-1 of a specific composition and/or executor hydrolytic enzymes, e.g., cathepsin D.
4
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Effects of neurosteroids on neuronal survival: Molecular basis and clinical perspectives

80%
Leskiewicz M., Budziszewska B., Basta-Kaim A., Zajac A., Kacinski M., Lason W.
Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis
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2006
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vol. 66
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issue 4
359-367
EN
Neurosteroids have long been known to act as important modulators of central nervous system functions. The concept of their mechanism of action, however, have essentially undergone an evolution. Previously, these compounds were postulated to regulate neuronal function mainly via allosteric regulation of some membrane-bound receptors, such as GABAA and NMDA receptors, in a non-genomic way. Recent studies have provided evidence for intracellular targets for neurosteroids, e.g., transcription factors (NFkappa-B, progesterone receptors), protein kinases (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, protein kinase C), or microtubule-associated proteins, i.e. factors essential in regulation of neuronal survival and apoptosis. This paper reviews in vitro and in vivo data on neurosteroid involvement in the regulation of neurodegenerative processes with emphasis on new intracellular and genomic mechanisms of their action. Potential utility of neurosteroids in the treatment of some neurodegenerative disorders has been also discussed.
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