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Assessment of phytochemical constituents and antifungal activities of four selected green leafy vegetables from Owerri, South-East Nigeria

100%
Ohabughiro N. B.
World News of Natural Sciences
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2023
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vol. 50
73-85
EN
Medicinal plants contain numerous phytochemicals like tannin, alkaloids, steroid, saponin and flavonoid. Plants are being used as valuable source of food and medicine for prevention of illness and maintenance of human health. The following medicinal plants were used: Scent leaves (Ocimum gratissimum), Bitter leaves (Vemonia amygdalina). Uziza leaves (Piper guineense) and Utazi leaves (Gongronema latifolium). Soxhlex apparatus was used to extract active ingredients from plants. Methanol and hot water solvents were used for extraction. Methanol and hot water extracts of the plants were used against identified isolated. Standard microbiological and molecular methods were used in the isolation and identification of moulds from stored rice, maize, wheat and groundnut. Sabouraud dextrose agar and potato dextrose agar were used for cultural isolation. Moulds species were identified using 18S rRNA gene sequencing method. Fungal susceptibility testing was performed to determine the minimum inhibition concentration. The following moulds Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus tamarii, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus brunneoviolaceus and Penicillium chrysogenum were isolated and identified from stored grains and legumes. The medicinal plants contain the following phytochemicals tannin, alkaloids, steroid, saponin and flavonoids. Percentage (%) growth inhibition of moulds by methanol extract was greater than hot water extract of medicinal plants. Percentage growth inhibition of moulds by methanol and hot water extract of scent leaf gave the highest inhibition followed by bitter leaf, utazi while uziza gave the least growth inhibition. Minimum inhibitory concentration of plant extracts was greatest at 100 mg/ml and least at 12.5mg/ml. Minimum growth inhibition increases with increase in concentration of medicinal plants. Medicinal plants gave varying levels of growth inhibition against varying isolates and should be used both at home and clinical settings. Therefore, the importance of medicinal plants to our society cannot be overemphasized.
2
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Anti-Snake venom Activities of the leaf extracts of Asystasia gangetica (L) and Newbouldia leavis (p. Beauv)

88%
Enenebeaku C. K., Umerie S. C., Nwankwo M. U., Enenebeaku U. E.
World News of Natural Sciences
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2018
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vol. 16
33-41
EN
The leaf extracts of two medicinal plants Asystasia gangetica (L) and Newboulia leavis (p. Beauv) were assessed for anti-snake venom activity in vivo using mice. The result of the phytochemical analysis revealed that the two plants contain flavonoids, glycosides, saponins, tannins and alkaloids. The methanolic extracts of the two plants A. gangetica (L) and N. leavis (p. Beauv) significantly (p< 0.05) neutralized the Naja melanoleuca venom-induced lethality activity in the mice. The extracts (flavonoids, tannins and saponins) of the two plants also showed significant (p<0.05) neutralization of the venom–induced lethality activity in mice. The work confirmed that Asystasia gangetica and Newbouldia leavis possess significant anti-venom activity and can therefore be used in the treatment of snake bites.
3
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A preliminary study on the effect of mineralization parameters on determination of metals in Viscum album species

88%
Blicharska E., Komsta Ł., Kocjan R., Gumieniczek A., Robak A.
Open Chemistry
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2010
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vol. 8
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issue 2
264-268
EN
An increasing interest in determination of various macro- and microelements in medicinal plants has been observed. The majority of studies are carried out using one mineralization method without any optimization. The present study demonstrates that changes in mineralization parameters can significantly affect the recovery of the elements determined. In the study, the dried plant material was mineralized in 12 ways and iron (Fe), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), nickel (Ni) and manganese (Mn) levels were determined. The samples were mineralized in the dry or open microwave mode as well as 10 closed microwave modes. The influence of acid amounts, irradiation power and time, addition of hydrogen peroxide and perfluoric acid was examined. All parameters were shown to be critical - good efficiency was observed with larger amounts of acid. The determined content varied significantly in the same sample and were in the ranges (ug g−1): 46–136 (Fe), 1.4–11.8 (Cu), 4.0–11.3 (Ni), 15.4–53.8 (Zn) and 9.5–67.6 (Mn). Increased irradiation resulted in the loss of copper and zinc and better recovery of nickel. The results demonstrate that such determinations should include the mineralization optimization step. [...]
4
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Medicinal Plants Used to Treat Sexual Diseases by Ogba/Egbema/Ndoni Ethnics of Rivers State, Nigeria

88%
Oladele A. T., Elem J. A.
World News of Natural Sciences
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2018
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vol. 17
16-38
EN
In our study, an inventory was carried out of plants used in managing sexual diseases by Ogba/Egbema/Ndoni tribal people in Rivers State, Nigeria. Ten (10) communities (Kreigani, Odugili, Oboh, Agah, Obakata, Obirikom, Ndoni, Agwe, Egbema and Omoku) were randomly selected within the ethnic clan for the study. Structured pre-tested questionnaires were then administered among Traditional Medicine Practitioners (TMPs), Traditional Birth Attendants (TBAs), herb vendors and knowledgeable individuals. In all, 111 randomly selected informants were interviewed. The collected data was analysed using descriptive statistics and utilization tables. Accordingly, males constituted 50.5% and females 49.5% of the studied population, and a majority of the respondent were subsistent farmers (50.5%), petty traders (22.5%), TBAs (10.8%), TMPs (9.9%) and herb vendors (0.9%). Prevalent health conditions were categorized into twelve areas (miscarriage, menstrual disorder, hernia and weak erection, among others). As a result of the work, taxonomic diversity showed 119 medicinal plants species, belonging to 47 families and 71 genera. Most cited plant families were Malvaceae (7 species) and Fabaceae (6 species). The plant parts that were mostly used were the leaves (52.28 %), roots (37.54 %) and barks (3.86%). This study shows that rural inhabitants still rely on traditional medicine for health care needs, and that many of the medicinal plants should undergo research for future drug development and conservation.
5
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Komentarz botaniczny do roślin leczniczych i surowców roślinnych wymienionych w Farmakopei polskiej VIII. Część II

75%
Bacler-Żbikowska B., Drobnik J.
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issue 1-2
61-71
EN
The paper provides critical compilation related with the medicinal plant species mentioned in all monographs of plant-derived stock and substances published in the 8th Polish Pharmacopoeia.
PL
Praca krytycznie zestawia gatunki roślin leczniczych wymieniane w monografiach wszystkich surowców i substancji leczniczych roślinnego pochodzenia zamieszczonych w Farmakopei polskiej VIII.
6
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Materiały do flory roślin naczyniowych Wyżyny Śląskiej ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem roślin leczniczych; część 1. Dolina Potoku Psarskiego

51%
Kowalik K. A., Bacler-Żbikowska B. D.
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EN
INTRODUCTION: The paper presents the results of floristic research carried out in the Psarski Stream Valley in Będzin. The local flora was described with special attention to regionally rare, endangered, protected, and medicinal plant species. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The field research was carried out in the vegetation seasons in 2011–2012 using the standard floristic investigation method, and the floristic list was made. Besides the names of all the plant species, the list includes information about endangered species and their legal protection. The possibilities of using the plants in folk medicine as well as in official therapy in Poland (plants described in Polish Pharmacopeias No. 10) were also indicated. RESULTS: The total number of vascular plant species in the studied area in 2011–2012 is 295 and the results of the field research were compared with literature data. We failed to confirm 14 further species which were reported from this area in 2 earlier publications. There are 106 species of medicinal plants (36%) and 37 of them are described in Polish Pharmacopeias No. 9. Eight species of the studied flora are legally protected and 20 species belong to rare and endangered plants in the Silesian province. The most interesting new floristic find for this area is siberian iris (Iris sibirica L.), which was earlier incorrectly considered extinct in the studied region. CONCLUSIONS: Because of the rich biodiversity of the studied stream valley, this area plays an important role of a major refuge for many rare and endangered plants of the region. Due to the large number of plant species occurring in the studied area, those plants could be used as a natural seed bank especially the rare and protected plants, and also for many scientific purposes.
PL
WSTĘP: W pracy przedstawiono wyniki badań florystycznych, przeprowadzonych w Dolinie Potoku Psarskiego w Będzinie. Opisano florę naczyniową badanego terenu, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem gatunków roślin leczniczych, a także rzadkich, zagrożonych i objętych ochroną prawną. MATERIAŁ I METODY: Badania terenowe prowadzono według standardowej metody florystycznej w sezonach wegetacyjnych 2011–2012. Sporządzono listę florystyczną, w której podano informacje o zagrożeniu gatunków oraz o ich ochronie prawnej. Wskazano również możliwości wykorzystania występujących na badanym obszarze roślin. WYNIKI: W latach 2011–2012 w Dolinie Potoku Psarskiego odnotowano 295 gatunków roślin naczyniowych, a wyniki badań terenowych zestawiono z danymi literaturowymi. Na badanym obszarze nie udało się potwierdzić występowania 14 gatunków, podawanych w dwóch starszych publikacjach. 106 gatunków badanej flory uznawanych jest za rośliny lecznicze (36%), a spośród nich Farmakopea Polska X opisuje surowce pozyskiwane z 37 gatunków. Ochronie prawnej podlega 8 gatunków, a 20 uznano za rzadkie i zagrożone w województwie śląskim. Najbardziej interesującym nowym znaleziskiem florystycznym jest Iris sibirica L., uznawany dotąd za wymarły na badanym obszarze. WNIOSKI: Badana dolina cechuje się dużą bioróżnorodnością i jest ostoją dla wielu gatunków chronionych oraz roślin regionalnie rzadkich i zagrożonych. Licznie występujące w Dolinie Potoku Psarskiego gatunki lecznicze mogą posłużyć jako naturalny rezerwuar nasion, zwłaszcza roślin rzadkich i chronionych, a także do celów naukowych.
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