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Bactericidal effect of photodynamic therapy against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strain with the use of various porphyrin photosensitizers

100%
Grinholc M., Szramka B., Olender K., Graczyk A.
|
2007
|
vol. 54
|
issue 3
665-670
EN
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is based on photosensitizers activated by light of appropriate wavelength. Their activation leads to generation of singlet oxygen and free radicals responsible for the cytotoxic effect. The aim of this project was to compare the bactericidal effect of PDT using different porphyrin photosensitizers against a methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strain. Exogenous sensitizers (protoporphyrin IX and newly synthesized derivative, protoporphyrin diarginate) induced a 3 log10-unit reduction in bacterial viable counts. With the use of endogenous, ALA-induced porphyrins, a 1.6 log10-unit reduction was obtained. The sensitizers tested executed their antibacterial activity with no essential change in the antibiotic resistance pattern of the studied strain.
2
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Trudności w leczeniu zakażeń pooperacyjnych – opis przypadku

100%
Różalska M., Józefowicz-Korczyńska M.
Otolaryngologia Polska
|
2008
|
vol. 62(6)
776-778
PL
Postoperative wounds infections due to surgical intervention of laryngeal cancer are serious therapeutic problem. This process led to the necrosis of surrounding tissues and in consequence prolongs the wounds healing and cause longer hospitalisation, delay of vocal rehabilitation and cause chronic infl ammation of trachea and bronchi. We investigated a cause of patient after surgical intervention. Postoperative wound as well as upper respiratory tracts of this patient were colonized by methicillinresistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). The following symptoms of in infl ammation were noticed: subfebrile condition, muscles and joints pain, excessive secretion of mucus in respiratory tracts and malaise. Patient was treated many times (repeatedly) with antibiotics and chemotherapeutics ambulatory and during hospitalisation. The susceptibility to antibiotics and chemotherapeutics to isolated MRSA strain was established. The effective therapy occurred using combine of rifampicin and co-trimoxasole. The patient status was radically improved. Patient after therapy was monitored microbiologically for a several month and in clinical material isolated from him did not found MRSA.
3
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Photodynamic effect of lanthanide derivatives of meso-tetra(N-methyl-4-pyridyl)porphine against Staphylococcus aureus

100%
Jurczak A., Szramka B., Grinholc M., Legendziewicz J., Bielawski K. P.
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2008
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vol. 55
|
issue 3
581-585
EN
Photodynamic therapy (PDT), used for cancer treatment, is also an alternative method for eradication of drug-resistant bacteria. This method utilizes a nontoxic light-activated dye, called a photosensitizer, and visible light to produce reactive oxygen species that lead to bacterial cell death. The purpose of this study was to investigate the bactericidal effect of PDT using lanthanide derivatives of meso-tetra(N-methyl-4-pyridyl)porphine against Staphylococcus aureus strains. The new photosensitizers appeared to be photodynamically ineffective. No enhancement of antistaphylococcal activity of TMPyP was observed after the conjugation of the porphyrin with lanthanide ions. Additionally, a significant difference in the susceptibility of two bacterial strains to unmodified TMPyP was observed.
4
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Nasal Carriage of MRSA Strains Among Hospital Employees in a Surgical Department

100%
Tur W., Kielar M., Kłaczkowska A., Teodorowicz E., Lewczuk A.
Polish Journal of Surgery
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2010
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vol. 82
|
issue 3
166-169
EN
The aim of the study was to estimate the prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strain carriage among hospital employees who have contact with patients treated at the General and Vascular Surgery Teaching Hospital of the Capital Bródnowski Hospital. Comparison of the findings with results from similar studies performed in various medical centers around the world.Material and methods. Using microbial cultures, we screened for nasal carriage of MRSA strains in hospital employees who have contact with patients at the General and Vascular Surgery Teaching Hospital. The medical and custodial staff of the Faculty of General and Vascular Surgery, Anesthesiology and Operating Suite were studied. If MRSA strains were present on bacterial cultures, identification of the strain was further confirmed using molecular methods, including reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Examinations were performed in collaboration with the Department of Epidemiology and Clinical Microbiology of the National Medicines Institute.Results. The carriage rate confirmed by molecular techniques was 4.5%. Confirmed cases of MRSA carriage in hospital staff underwent eradication with a five-day treatment scheme of intranasal 2% mupirocin ointment. Control results confirmed its effectiveness.Conclusions. The prevalence of nasal carriage of MRSA among the medical and custodial staff screened was 4.5%. This prevalence of carriage among medical employees is similar to the rate of carriage in the general population. This finding suggests a low rate of bacterial transmission between the faculty, staff, and patients. Eradication of MRSA with the use of a five-day course of 2% intranasal mupirocin ointment is an effective method of controlling carriage among medical staff as well as among the general public.
5
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Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus Infections of Soft Issues of the Oral Cavity, Face and Neck in Patients Hospitalized at the Cranio-maxillofacial Surgery Department

100%
Gaszyńska E., Tyndorf M., Manowska B., Arkuszewski P.
Polish Journal of Surgery
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2011
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vol. 83
|
issue 4
212-215
EN
The aim of the study was to identify a group of patients at high risk of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection following surgical procedures involving oral cavity, head and neck.Material and methods. A retrospective analysis of demographic, clinical and laboratory data was performed. A manual search of laboratory records for a five years period (2005-2009) was performed for specimens submitted to the diagnostic microbiology laboratory from patients admitted to the Cranio-Maxillofacial and Oncologic Surgery Department.Results. Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus was identified in 26 cases. Most commonly it was isolated from tongue swabs in patients following extensive oncological surgical procedures involving oral cavity. Most common risk factors were: age above 65 years, neoplasms, multisite trauma with loss of consciousness, cigarette smoking, alcohol abuse, tobacco addiction, antibiotic therapy immediately before hospitalization. More than half of patients with MRSA infection required surgical treatment except for pharmacological treatment.Conclusions. Monitoring of postoperative wounds is of great importance with regard to he risk of MRSA infection.
6
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Diffi culties in treating postoperative infections – case report

100%
Różalska M., Józefowicz-Korczyńska M.
|
EN
Postoperative wounds infections due to surgical intervention of laryngeal cancer are serious therapeutic problem. This process led to the necrosis of surrounding tissues and in consequence prolongs the wounds healing and cause longer hospitalisation, delay of vocal rehabilitation and cause chronic infl ammation of trachea and bronchi. We investigated a cause of patient after surgical intervention. Postoperative wound as well as upper respiratory tracts of this patient were colonized by methicillinresistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). The following symptoms of in infl ammation were noticed: subfebrile condition, muscles and joints pain, excessive secretion of mucus in respiratory tracts and malaise. Patient was treated many times (repeatedly) with antibiotics and chemotherapeutics ambulatory and during hospitalisation. The susceptibility to antibiotics and chemotherapeutics to isolated MRSA strain was established. The effective therapy occurred using combine of rifampicin and co-trimoxasole. The patient status was radically improved. Patient after therapy was monitored microbiologically for a several month and in clinical material isolated from him did not found MRSA.
7
Publication available in full text mode
Content available

Trudności w leczeniu zakażeń pooperacyjnych – opis przypadku

100%
Różalska M., Józefowicz-Korczyńska M.
Polish Journal of Otolaryngology
|
2008
|
vol. 62
|
issue 6
776-778
EN
Postoperative wounds infections due to surgical intervention of laryngeal cancer are serious therapeutic problem. This process led to the necrosis of surrounding tissues and in consequence prolongs the wounds healing and cause longer hospitalisation, delay of vocal rehabilitation and cause chronic infl ammation of trachea and bronchi. We investigated a cause of patient after surgical intervention. Postoperative wound as well as upper respiratory tracts of this patient were colonized by methicillinresistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). The following symptoms of in infl ammation were noticed: subfebrile condition, muscles and joints pain, excessive secretion of mucus in respiratory tracts and malaise. Patient was treated many times (repeatedly) with antibiotics and chemotherapeutics ambulatory and during hospitalisation. The susceptibility to antibiotics and chemotherapeutics to isolated MRSA strain was established. The effective therapy occurred using combine of rifampicin and co-trimoxasole. The patient status was radically improved. Patient after therapy was monitored microbiologically for a several month and in clinical material isolated from him did not found MRSA.
8
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COMPARATIVE IN VITRO STUDIES OF FURAZIDIN AND NITROFURANTOIN ACTIVITIES AGAINST COMMON UROPATHOGENS INCLUDING MULTIDRUG-RESISTANT STRAINS OF E. COLI AND S. AUREUS

88%
Klesiewicz K., Karczewska E., Nowak P., Mrowiec P. M., Skiba-Kurek I., Białecka J., Majka Z., Berdzik-Kalarus S., Budak A., Zajdel P.
Acta Poloniae Pharmaceutica - Drug Research
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2018
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vol. 75
|
issue 3
EN
Abstract: Urinary tract infections caused by wide range of pathogens including gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria as well as fungi are a severe public health problem. The predominant causative agent of both uncomplicated and complicated urinary tract infections is Escherichia coli. In an era of increasing bacterial resistance to antimicrobial agents and a high prevalence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains in community and hospital acquired infections, the re-evaluation of older generations of antimicrobial agents, such as nitrofuran derivatives, seems to be a reasonable approach. The aim of the study was to evaluate furazidin activity against common uropathogens in comparison to nitrofurantoin and other selected antimicrobial agents, routinely used in the treatment of urinary tract infections. Furazidin exhibited lower MICs than nitrofurantoin when tested against gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria including clinical MDR E. coli and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. The MICs for furazidin ranged from 4 to 64 mg/L for Enterobacteriaceae strains, from 2 to 4 mg/L for gram-positive cocci, and 0.5 mg/L for anaerobic bacteria. The MICs for nitrofurantoin ranged from 16 to 64 mg/L for Enterobacteriaceae strains, from 8 to 64 mg/L for gram-positive cocci, and 4 mg/L for anaerobic bacteria. In addition, both nitrofurans displayed better activity against the tested bacterial strains than ciprofloxacin, fosfomycin, trimethoprim and co-trimoxazole. Nitrofuran derivatives displayed higher antimicrobial activity than other antimicrobial agents regardless of bacteria species or resistance mechanism.
9
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Photodynamic effect of protoporphyrin diarginate (PPArg2) on methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and human dermal fibroblasts

88%
Grinholc M., Kawiak A., Kurlenda J., Graczyk A., Bielawski K. P.
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2008
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vol. 55
|
issue 1
85-90
EN
The worldwide rise in the antibiotic resistance of bacteria forces the development of alternative antimicrobial treatments. A potential approach is photodynamic inactivation (PDI). The aim of the present study was to determine the phototoxicity of protoporphyrin diarginate (PPArg2) against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and human dermal fibroblasts. Different concentrations (0 to 20 µM) of PPArg2 and light dose of 6 J cm-2 were tested. Cell viability was evaluated using the methylthiazoletetrazolium (MTT) assay. Incubation with 10 µM followed by illumination yielded a 3.6 log10-unit reduction in the viable count for Staphylococcus aureus. At the same experimental conditions, only 22.5% of the fibroblasts were photoinactivated. Protoporphyrin diarginate at concentrations up to 20 µM demonstrated no toxicity towards S. aureus or fibroblasts when not irradiated. These results suggest that the protoporphyrin diarginate exerts a high bactericidal effect against methicillin-resistant S. aureus strain without harming eukaryotic cells.
10
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Surmounting antimicrobial resistance in the Millennium Superbug: Staphylococcus aureus

75%
Saxena S., Gomber C.
Open Medicine
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2010
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vol. 5
|
issue 1
12-29
EN
Staphylococcus aureus is the third most dreaded pathogen posing a severe threat due to its refractory behavior against the current armamentarium of antimicrobial drugs. This is attributed to the evolution of an array of resistance mechanisms responsible for morbidity and mortality globally. Local and international travel has resulted in the movement of drug resistant S. aureus clones from hospitals into communities and further into different geographical areas where they have been responsible for epidemic outbreaks. Thus, there is a dire necessity to refrain further cross movement of these multidrug resistant clones across the globe. The plausible alternative to prevent this situation is by thorough implementation of regulatory aspects of sanitation, formulary usage and development of new therapeutic interventions. Various strategies like exploring novel antibacterial targets, high throughput screening of microbes, combinatorial and synthetic chemistry, combinatorial biosynthesis and vaccine development are being extensively sought to overcome multidrug resistant chronic Staphylococcal infections. The majority of the antibacterial drugs are of microbial origin and are prone to being resisted. Anti-staphylococcal plant natural products that may provide a new alternative to overcome the refractory S.aureus under clinical settings have grossly been unnoticed. The present communication highlights the new chemical entities and therapeutic modalities that are entering the pharmaceutical market or are in the late stages of clinical evaluation to overcome multidrug resistant Staphylococcal infections. The review also explores the possibility of immunity and enzyme-based interventions as new therapeutic modalities and highlights the regulatory concerns on the prescription, usage and formulary development in the developed and developing world to keep the new chemical entities and therapeutic modalities viable to overcome antimicrobial resistance in S. aureus.
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