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Evolutionary ancient roles of serotonin: long-lasting regulation of activity and development

100%

Turlejski K.

Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis

1996

vol. 56

issue 2

619-636

Biogenic monoamines (catecholamines, indoleamines and histamine) are evolutionary old and important modulators of long-lasting changes in the functional state of cells.They are found in many protozoans and in almost all metazoans.Monoamines preserve their evolutionary old functions (first of all being intracellular signals and later hormones and growth factors) even in those animals in which they acquired the function of neurotrasmitter.The older functions of serotonin, an important member of the family of indoleamines, are reviewed here.Described are: presence of serotonin on organisms at various phylogenetic levels; its role in embryonal, foetal and postnatal nervous system.It is concluded that in none of these functions serotonin is the only factor, but it is an ubiquitous and important modulator of a vast array of processes and functions taking part in development and plasticity.

Expansins unique plant proteins

75%

Luczak M., Wojtszek P.

Biotechnologia

2002

issue 4

176-189

Expansins are extracellular proteins which are able to loosen cell walls thus making possible the extension and stress relaxation of plant walls. Expansins are classified on the basis of sequence similarities and substrate specificity into two subfamilies of a- and b-expansins. The expansins? mode of action is based on the weakening of hydrogen bonds between cellulose microfibrils and on interacting matrix polymers, especially hemicelluloses. However, they do not reveal any hydrolytic or proteolytic activity. The activity of expansins is decisive for the control of plant cells? shape, and thus these proteins are thought to be an important component of biochemical machineries controlling cell growth and differentiation, as well as plant morphogenesis and development. This article reviews the advances made since the discovery of expansins and describes their characteristic features, including protein structure and biochemical mode of action, molecular organisation of expansin-coding genes, and biological functions of these unusual proteins.

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1 Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis

1 Biotechnologia

1 2002

1 1996

1 Luczak M.

1 Turlejski K.

1 Wojtszek P.

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Evolutionary ancient roles of serotonin: long-lasting regulation of activity and development

Expansins unique plant proteins