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Chemical Composition of Yushania alpina (K. Schum.) W.C.Lin (1974) (Highland Bamboo) Grown in Ethiopia

100%
Tsegaye M., Chandravanshi B. S., Feleke S., Redi M.
World News of Natural Sciences
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2020
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vol. 32
1-9
EN
Chemical properties of any lignocellulose species are one of the major properties that used to select the material for any purpose either chemical or biological. Since bamboo is one of the woody grass species used for various applications worldwide; therefore knowing the chemical composition plays greater a role. Based on the above assumption, this research was conducted to study the major chemical composition of Yushania alpina (K. Schum.) W.C.Lin (1974) (Highland Bamboo) grown around Enjibara in Ethiopia. In the work, Yushania alpina (Highland Bamboo) sample was harvested, dried, milled using a Wiley Mill, sieved and all chemical composition were determined based on the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (ASTM) approaches, except that the Kurschner-Hoffer method (1931) was applied for cellulose determination. Based on the study, the chemical composition characterization shows that Yushania alpina has 46.76% cellulose content, 25.27% lignin content, 12.18% hemicellulose, 3.77% ash, 12.23% hot-water extractive and 3.93% ethanol-toluene extractives.
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Fast Pyrolysis of Lignin Extracted by Different Lignocellulosic Biomass after the Pretreatment Process

86%
Ulakpa W. C., Soomro S., Siddique M., Gbuvoro A.
World News of Natural Sciences
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2023
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vol. 47
1-13
EN
The manufacturing of aromatic chemicals and fuels through the rapid pyrolysis of lignin looks promising. Product selectivity and liquid yield are determined by the lignin structure and pyrolysis conditions. Lignocellulosic biomass is a carbon-containing renewable and long-lasting energy source that can be found naturally. Pyrolysis has received a lot of attention for its efficient thermal decomposition of lignocellulose biomass—which includes components of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin—into solid, liquid, and gas products. The formation of char is one way to describe the conversion mechanism of pyrolysis. A pre-treatment process was used to extract lignin, and the maximum yield was achieved by varying the time and temperature in a material-to-material ratio of 1:20. Without the use of any inert gas for fluidization, the first set of experiments was carried out at temperatures ranging from 400 to 650 °C. In continuous fast pyrolysis, the heating rate has an excessive rank in converting biomass into liquid, gas, and char yield when the pyrolysis temperature is increased from 600 to 700 and then 800 °C. This research provides a deeper comprehension of the interactions that take place between various components during the rapid pyrolysis of biomass. With an optimal yield of 11.96 percent being NTB, walnut shell (WNS), almond shell (AS), and babool tree bark (BTB) were produced at 600 °C with yields of 11.21, 11.73, 11.88, and 11.96%, respectively. With an optimal yield of 11.17 percent being BTB, walnut shell (WNS), almond shell (AS), and neem tree bark (NTB) were produced at 700 °C at yields of 10.89, 11.23, 11.17, and 10.88%, respectively. For walnut shell (WNS), almond shell (AS), babool tree bark (BTB), and neem tree bark (NTB), respectively, an optimal yield of 11.55 percent was obtained at 800 °C for NTB. Neem tree bark (NTB) produced the highest yield of 11.96 percent when compared to the biomass when heated to 600 °C.
3
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Characterization and components separation of corn stover by alkali and hydrogen peroxide treatments

86%
Cong L., Li Z., Guanqun Z., Jianguo X., Long Z.
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EN
The dissolution of corn stover in alkaline solvent system composed of NaOH-H2O2 was reported and the separation of its ingredients combined with acid precipitation, ethanol extraction was proposed. It is proven that the residual after alkali solvent was cellulose, the filtrate by the acid precipitation of the liquor was lignin, the solid by the ethanol extraction of the liquor was hemicellulose. The optimum dissolution conditions were determined by single-factor experiment as follows: the concentration of H2O2 5.0%, pH 11.5, dissolution temperature 60°C, dissolution time 3.0 h, the ratio of liquid to solid 30 mL/g. And chemical analysis were employed to determine the purity of the components separated. The structure of the components separated were identifi ed by FT-IR, SEM, XRD and NMR. The cellulose recovery yield can achieve to 84.2% and lignin recovery yield is 86.6%, the hemicellulose recovery yield is 96.7%. After recycling the solvent 3 times, the recovery yield of cellulose, lignin and hemicellulose were 82.7, 87.6 and 97.4%, and the purity of cellulose, lignin and hemicellulose were 98.0, 96.5 and 98.7%, respectively.
4
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Synthesis of Natural Phenolic Compound Contained Alkaline Phenolic Foundry Resin and Its Performance Evaluation on Casting

86%
Güvendik A. E., Ay K., Güvendik A. E., Ay K.
Archives of Foundry Engineering
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2021
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