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  1. 1 Postępy Higieny i Medycyny Doświadczalnej

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  1. 1 1995

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  1. 1 Robak T.

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Biological properties and therapeutic applications of interleukin-2

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Robak T.
Postępy Higieny i Medycyny Doświadczalnej
|
1995
|
vol. 49
|
issue 3
367-393
EN
A cytokine produced by the subpopulation of activated helper lymphocytes T has been called interleukine-2 (IL-2).The obtaining of recombinant cytokine has facilitated the study of ita biological properties and its application in teh treatment of certain neoplastic and infectious diseases.IL-2 affects the target cells by means of a receptor of great affinity consisting of three independent chains: alpha, beta, gamma.The cytokine is the most important growth factor of lymphocytes T, conditioning their clonal expansion.Antigen stimulation in the condition for the experssion of IL-2 does not, however, affect resting lymphocytes T. The expression of teh receptor for this cytokine on NK cells is ,however, continous in character but only a very small percentage of these calls has receptors of great affinity.IL-2 plays a great role in adoptive immunotherapy consisting in intravenous administration of cell with cytotoxic properties.Cells obtained from peripheral blood and grown in vitro are called LAK cells (lymphocyte activated killer cells), while cells obtained from neoplasms and grown in similar conditions are named TIL cells (tumor infiltrated lymphocutes).LAK and TIL cells reveal a similar antineoplastic activity in vivo.At present, however, recombinat IL-2alone is used more often, either intravenously or subcuteously.The cytokine is effective in the treatment of patients with disseminate cancer of the kidney and melanoma, and in adjuvant therapy of acute myeloid leukemia.Attempts have been to apply it in the treatment of AIDA and leprosy.The toxic effect of IL-2 depends on the dose and the mode of administration.In the majority of patients parainfluenzal symptoms appear.Most undesirable effects are connected with multisystemic syndrome of capillary vessels hypermeability leading to the increasing fluid retention into extravascular spaces, oedema, hypotonia and oliguria.
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